In this study, cross-flow plate type heat exchanger has been investigated because of its effective use in waste heat recovery systems. For this purpose, a heat regain system has been investigated and manufactured in laboratory conditions. Manufactured heat exchanger has been tested with an applicable experimental set up and temperatures, velocity of the air and the pressure losses occuring in the system have been measured and the efficiency of the system has been determined. The irreversibility of heat exchanger has been taken into consideration while the design of heat exchanger is being performed. So minimum entropy generation number has been analysied with respect to second law of thermodynamics in cross-flow heat exchanger. The minimum entropy generation number depends on parameters called optimum flow path length, dimensionless mass velocity and dimensionless heat transfer area. Variations of entropy generation number with these parameters have been analysied and introduced their graphics with their comments.

This study aims to analyse, the general power structure of Turkish society, and specifically the Turkish power elite. Also, the relationships within and between the elite groups, and the distribution of power will be examined. This paper will also try to understand and explain the distribution of power in Turkish society: How far is power (effective power) diffused in society or how far it is centralised and concentrated in the hands of elite groups?<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;In accordance with the pluralists views one could argue that, power has been diffused and fragmented among many people or elite groups which together participate in the decision-making process in contemporary Turkish society. Nevertheless, decisive and effective power (parallel with the main thesis of the elitist view) has been concentrated and centralised in the hands of the small number of elite groups which are the most powerful in the national power structure. They are predominant over other groups and these dominant groups know what others do not know and can do what others cannot do. <br /><br />

Hemangiomas of skeletal muscle are extremely rare benign neoplasms. In the head and neckregion, intramuscular hemangiomas occur most frequently in the masseter and trapezius muscles.However, intramuscular hemangiomas (IMH) arising from the mentalis muscle are relativelyrare. Preoperative diagnosis of head and neck IMH is rendered difficult by its rarity andnonspecific clinical findings. Total excision of the hemangioma with a margin of normal muscleis recommended. In this report, a case of mentalis muscle hemangioma, which was surgicallyexcised by transoral approach and histopathologically confirmed the diagnosis of capillary-typeIMH, was presented and the clinical, histologic fîndings and treatment modalities are discussed.

It is known that English language coursebooks written by Turkish writers is widely used in Turkey although much research is needed to assess their quality as educational materials. In this research study, opinions of 7th grade students’ and teachers’ on Let’s Speak English 7 were studied through teacher and student questionnaires containing Likert-scale items, and an open-ended item for the teachers. Among 130 participants, 50 were English teachers 80 were seventh grade students studying at a primary level State school. SPSS 13.0 was used to compute frequencies and percentages along with T-tests and One-way ANOVAs to calculate the possible differences in attitudes between different groups, including class, sex, age, experience, and education. The results suggest that both teachers and the students have rather negative feelings about Let’s Speak English 7, the teachers having more negative feelings towards it. The disconcerting problems with Let’s Speak English 7 demonstrated that in order to minimize the negative effects of the coursebook, a series of support materials were needed.

Aim: This study compared the efficacy and cost effectivines of sugammadex and neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium for short term elective surgery. Material and Method: After written informed consent, 33 patients aged 18%u201365, ASA I-III, who were undergoing short term surgery (

<span>4. Cilt 2. Sayı Kapak ve İçerik sayfasına bu pdf'den ulaşabilirler</span>

The folk stories that constitute a step of literary to novel from epic within types of verbal expression have met many elements that descend from the tradition of mythology, tale and epic since 16th century. Today, the tradition of minstrelsy stil continued tol ive in the Erzurum region depending on the minstresy traditon continues in the tradition of storytelling. In this article, after being mentioned the social background in the tradition of storytelling of Narcissus story which compiled from Âşık İrfani in the Malya, the story has been analyzed in terms of persons, time and place. <br> <br> ÖZET Sözlü anlatım ürünleri içerisinde destandan romana geçişin edebî bir merhalesini teşkil eden halk hikâyeleri, XVI. yüzyıldan itibaren mitoloji, masal ve destancılık geleneğinden miras kalan pek çok unsurla karşımıza çıkmıştır. Günümüzde âşıklık geleneğinin hâlâ canlı olarak devam ettiği Erzurum yöresinde âşıklık geleneğine bağlı olarak hikâye anlatma geleneği de devam etmektedir. Bu makalede, Malya’da Âşık İrfani’den derlenen Nergis hikâyesinin, hikâye anlatma geleneği içerisindeki sosyal zemininden bahsedildikten sonra şahıs kadrosu, zaman ve mekân bakımından tahlili yapılmıştır.

<div><p><strong><em>Son yıllarda internet kullanımı birçok sektörde olduğu gibi turizm sektöründe de online seyahat alımlarını ön plana çıkarmış ve otellerin web siteleri önemli bir iletişim ve pazarlama medya aracı durumuna gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, gerekli donanıma ve zenginliğe sahip Türkiye’deki otellerin bu aracı gerçekte nasıl kullanmaları gerektiği ve şu anda nasıl kullandıkları önemli bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yapılan yazın taraması sonucunda otellerin web sitelerinin taşıması gereken içerik ve tasarım özelliklerini ortaya koyan bir model geliştirilmiştir. Bu modele dayanılarak, Türkiye turizminin pazarda kültür turizmine katkısı olacağı düşünülen “Dünya Miras Listesi”nde yer alan bölgelerdeki üç, dört ve beş yıldızlı toplam 335 otelin web sitesi analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle, otel web sitelerinde adres, telefon numarası, e-posta adresi ve otel resimlerinin dışında potansiyel turistin dikkatini, otelin bulunduğu yöreye çekebileceği düşünülen çevre, turizm potansiyeli, yöreye ilişkin bilgi vb. gibi birçok konuda hiçbir bilginin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, konuyla ilgili olarak etkin bir web sitesi hazırlamaya yönelik olarak bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.-</em></strong><strong><em>Increased use of Internet in the recent years caused a boom in online purchasing of travel services and made web sites of hotels important marketing and communication tools for the tourism industry. In this context, it can be said that to research how Turkish tourism industry uses web sites to promote itself on the Internet, is vital. This study develops a web site model including content and design components. The data is gathered from 335 three, four, and five star hotels operating in nine Turkish cities, which are members of world heritage list. The findings show that the hotels generally use contact information, and hotel pictures. But a little information is observed about the environment, tourism potential, and culture because of the ineffective and poor structure of web sites. In addition to these, some suggestions are made about building effective web sites. <br /></em></strong></p></div>

Left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm is a rare complication of aneurysmectomy. We present a case of surgically-treated left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm which was diagnosed three years after coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysmectomy. The presenting symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and surgical repair are described. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(1.000): 123-125]

The goal of the Turkish education is to teach an individual how to use his/her mother tongue more accurately and effectively. One of the ways of sameone’s expressing himself/herself is writing. In the study, it has been investigated whether different variables have a considerable difference on student’s writng skills. This study has been conducted on 420 students choseen on 420 students from the three primary schools in the city center of Samsun. Whereas writing skills of students have not had considerable difference regarding gender, a private room, the book shelf at home, keeping a diary, having education before the school age, it has made a considerable difference regarding the parent’s education level, the socio-economic status of the family, buying periodicals and regular reading habit. <br> <br> Türkçe eğitiminin temel amacı bireye ana dilini doğru ve etkili kullanmayı öğretmektir. Ana dilini gerektiği gibi kullanmasını bilen birey, kendini nasıl ifade etmesi gerektiğini de bilir. Bireyin kendini ifade etme yollarından biri de yazmadır. Bu çalışmada, Samsun ili merkez ilköğretim okullarının üçünden seçilen 420 öğrenci üzerinde, farklı değişkenlerin öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım becerisi üzerinde anlamlı fark oluşturup oluşturmadığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin yazma becerisinin; cinsiyet, kendine ait oda ve evde kitaplık bulunup bulunmaması, günlük tutup tutmama alışkanlığı, okul öncesi eğitim alıp almama durumlarına göre anlamlı farklılık oluşturmadığı; babanın ve annenin öğrenim düzeyi, ailenin sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi, eve süreli yayın alınması ve düzenli kitap okuma alışkanlığına sahip olma değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.

The purpose of thi s study was to investigate self - reported teaching style preferences and perceptions of physical education and sport teacher candidates which studyi ng Physical education and Sport Teacher department and teaching formation certificate programme Randomly selected two - hundred and thirty physical education teacher candidates studying in 3 different universities participated in the study. In order to colle ct data Turkish version of “Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Teaching Styles - (PETPTS)” was used. Data were analyzed by using I BM SPSS (version 20.0). Descript ive statistics were presented. For statistical analysis, repeated measures anova was pe rformed. According to analysis, while command style was the most preferred teaching styles of both physical education and sport teacher candidates, at the least was self - te aching styles. In addition to, Physical education teacher candidates were the highest command style perceptions while teaching formation certificate programme were the highest practice style in teaching style perception value. As a result of repeated measure of analysis, statistically s ignificant interaction was found each sub - dimensions of using teaching style levels and teaching style perceptions As a result of this study, difference was not found at prefered teaching style and perception values of sport teacher candidates which studyi ng Physical education and Sport Teacher department and teaching formation certificate programme. In cause of this situation, we can say that regardless of department of physical education and sport fundemantels, show similiar teaching styles. Also, teachi ng a new skill in physical education and sport result from, multiple teaching styles can be used interbedded. So that , teaching formation certificate programme does not change teaching styles of physical education and sport teacher candidates

The present study aims at investigating the educational technology use of teacher candidates attending education faculties in Turkey in terms of NETS*T standards. The study employed 2.566 senior teacher candidates from 7 different universities in Turkey. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the teacher candidates considered themselves to have a high level of self-efficacy with respect to educational technology standards as a whole. Considering the factors, teacher candidates reported the highest level of self-efficacy for the factor of productivity and professional practices and the lowest level of f-self-efficacy for the factor of social, ethical, legal and human issues. Gender caused differences for certain factors. In addition, the department being attended was another variable that resulted in difference when the departments of the teacher candidates were taken into consideration.

<span style="color: #515151;">Membranes are situated in the foreground among the considerably popular treatment systems in the last years. The use of membranes was become widespread in many fields such as drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment and obtaining drinking water from sea water. The predominance of membranes against the classical systems regarding the wastewater treatment, and the decreasing cost of membrane materials each day provided these systems to enter among the preferable options. There are considerably different types of membranes. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are the processes drawing most attention. One of the most important considerations in membrane processes is the amount of constituents passing from the membrane and rejecting by the membrane. Mass transfer concept arises in this place. Mass transfer is a critically important case used in the design of treatment systems and the estimation of efficiency. In addition to the points mentioned above, investigation of mass transfer occurring in membranes is important in comparing of different membrane types. In this review article, general information about the membranes, membrane types, uses of membranes and module designs are given, concept of mass transfer is viewed and the mass transfer processes realizing in these treatment systems are assessed.</span>

Turkish women’s life in Turkish society has dramaticallychanged throughout history under the influence of social, political,religious and cultural factors. Such a change was inevitably reflectedonto literature and the “womanly” theme was studied according to theprocess of civilization and cultural changes experienced by Turkishsociety, within the context of features revealed during three differentperiods. These are pre-Islamic period, the period when Islamic culturebecame influential and the period when Western civilization becameinfluential.In the present study, the role of women during the first twoperiods mentioned above is especially highlighted. Also, approachestowards women particularly by divan literature authors and poets arediscussed by examples from various literary works.

In this study the changes in the level and volume of Kovada Lakewhich is located within the boundaries of Isparta province in theMediterranean Region of our country and the correlation of the climateelement changes have been examined. The research area is locatedwithin the Mediterranean Climate impact zone. However, as a result ofthe impact of the Taurus Mountains, the impact of the continental climate is also observed. In order to manifest the impact of climate change in a regional sense the study of water surface changes in addition to climate elements carries major significance. In the long term period (1975-2010) an increase in temperature and evaporation in Kovada Lake and its watershed and a decrease in precipitation have been discovered. This change in the climate elements has been reflected as a loss to the lake level and volume; during the same period the lake level and volume decreased. An increase of 0.7 °C in temperature and an increase of 120 mm in evaporation have taken place in the study area. A decrease of 20 mm in precipitation has occurred in the same area. When the affiliation of the climate elements and lake level and volume changes were studied, a significant medium level negative directional relationship between the changes in temperature and level (-0.502) and volume (-0. 473) were discovered. On the other hand, a strong significant level positive directional relationship between precipitation and lake level (0.758) and volume (0.751) changes and a significant medium level negative directional relationship between evaporation and lake level (-0.476) and volume (-0.426) were determined. As a result of analysis carried out it was concluded that the changes in Kovada Lake level and volume were due to changes in precipitation rather than changes in the temperature and evaporation. <br> Bu çalışmada, ülkemizin Akdeniz Bölgesi, Isparta İli sınırlarıiçerisinde yer alan, Kovada Gölü’nün seviye ve hacim değişimleri ileiklim elemanlarındaki değişimin istatistiksel analizi incelenmiştir.Araştırma sahası, Akdeniz İklimi etki sahasında yer almaktadır. Ancak,Toros Dağlarının etkisine bağlı olarak karasal iklimin etkileri degörülmektedir. Yöresel anlamda iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini ortayakoyabilmek için iklim elemanlarının değişimi yanında su yüzeylerindekideğişimlerinde incelenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kovada Gölü vehavzasında uzun yıllık dönemde (1975-2010) sıcaklık ve buharlaşmadaartış, yağış miktarında ise azalma ortaya çıkmıştır. İklimelemanlarındaki bu değişim göl seviyesi ve hacmine kayıp olarakyansımış, aynı dönem içerisinde gölün seviyesinde ve hacminde azalmameydana gelmiştir. Çalışma alanında sıcaklıkta 0.7 °C, buharlaşmamiktarında ise 120 mm’lik artış, yağış miktarında ise 20 mm’lik azalmameydana gelmiştir. İklim elemanları ile gölün seviye ve hacimdeğişimleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde, sıcaklık ile seviye (-0.502)ve hacim (-0. 473) değişimi arasında negatif yönlü orta derecede anlamlıilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Yağış ile göl seviyesi (0.758) ve hacim (0.751)değişimleri arasında ise kuvvetli anlamlılık düzeyinde pozitif yönlü,buharlaşma ile göl seviyesi (-0.476) ve hacim (-0.426) arasında ortaderecede negatif yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlere göreKovada Gölü seviye ve hacim değişimlerinin, sıcaklık vebuharlaşmadaki değişimden ziyade, yağıştaki değişimlere bağlı olduğusonucuna varılmıştır.

Duchenne Muscular Distrophy is most common muscular dystrophy form in childhood. It&rsquo;s an X-linked disorder that caused by dystrophin gene defect. Skeletal muscle weakness, respiratory syptoms and electrocardiographic differences begin in erly ages. It&rsquo;s characterized by progressive proximal weakness occurs in early childhood and cardiomyopathy. Anesthesia management is important because of muscle weakness, cardiac problems and tendency to malignant hyperthermia. Some trigger agents such as inhalation anesthetics and succinylcholine may cause rhabdomyolysis, reduced level of serum creatinine kinase (CK) hyperkalemia and cardiacarrest. So Ižt&rsquo;s suggested to avoid from trigger agents. In this case, a safe anestthetic method is discussed in a case whose dental treatment could not performed because of noncooperation with patient. &nbsp;

In this study, an orthotropic composite cantilever, which is made of T300/976 Grafit-Epoxy and Carbon-Epoxy materials subjected to a uniformly distributed load, is considered. The deflection of this cantilever is calculated by finite element method and calculated analytically. These results are compared. For finite element calculation, Ansys 50a program is used. The calculations are made for 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90° of fiber directions.

Gunshot injuries to the abdominal cavity are cases of emergency which can be life-threatening depending on the organ/s affected. High-velocity penetrating injuries can cause both a penetrating injury to the organs on its’ route or can cause blast injury nearby. In most of the cases, the bullet can be found and the defect can be repaired intraoperatively. Here, we present a rare case of a patient with an intrabdominal penetrating gunshot wound with no organ injury, including the bladder, who voided the bullet spontaneously 30 days after the injury.

It is possible to understand what kind of language a writer uses by understanding his stye. Although language and style are seen as the same things, they complement eachother but they are not the same things. Style has been determined according to majority of using Arabic and Persian words and the intensity of the use of these words by artist for so many years. If the Arabic and Persian words used a lot the style is heavy, if they used less the style is clear expressions were prominent.In this study style and its varieties are intoduced and how Ahmet Hamdi and Tevfik Fikret created their styles by using language elements are compared. It is tried to determine the effects of adjectives, pronuons, adverbs, noun phrases, verb phrases in their own sentences on both artists’ styles. The determiners of Fikret and Tanpınar’s styles are subtle word repititions, the usage style of sentence elements, the colors used in their works. The effects of deviations in syntax put forward on Fikret and Tanpınar’s styles. In this study it is indicated that style does not just consist of use of words artfully. It has been indicated how language elements determine the style by taking Tanpınar and Fikret’s poems as sample.

The Vocational Success and condition of person’s job satisfaction can be possible with career planning planned as active, improvable and manageable. Meeting in-depth interview with 11 women academician who are directrice in Konya Universities (still as directrice or having done), their individual career planning process was desired to evaluate. The study carried out using qualitative data collection techniques.   Participants were asked questions about themselves and their individual career planning process. Demographic questions about female academicians introducing themselves include: age, marital status, title, number of children, and administrative level. And the questions about individual career planning process are; the self-evaluation process of directrice academicians, processes of individual career objectives, identification of available or potential career opportunities, preparing and implementing of participant’s career plans and directing the individual career objectives with feedback were evaluated. The significant results were obtained related to individual career planning in the process of management and academician of women academicians.    Özet Mesleki başarı ve bireylerin mesleğinden tatmin olma durumu etkin bir şekilde planlanan, geliştirilebilen ve yönetilebilen bir kariyer planı ile mümkün olmaktadır. Konya ili üniversitelerinde yönetici pozisyonunda olan (halen yöneticilik yapan ya da yapmış olan) 11 kadın akademisyen ile derinlemesine bir görüşme yapılarak onların bireysel kariyer planlama süreçleri değerlendirilmek istenmiştir. Çalışma, nitel veri toplama teknikleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara kendilerini tanıtıcı ve bireysel kariyer planlama sürecine ilişkin sorular yöneltilmiştir. Kadın akademisyenlerin kendilerini tanıtıcı demografik sorular; yaş, medeni durum, ünvan, çocuk sayısı, yöneticilik kademesi gibi sorulardan oluşmaktadır.  Bireysel kariyer planlama süreci ile ilgili sorular ise; yönetici pozisyonundaki kadın akademisyenlerin özdeğerleme süreci, bireysel kariyer hedeflerinin, mevcut ve olası kariyer olanaklarının belirlenmesi, katılımcıların kariyer planlarının hazırlanması ve uygulanması, geri bildirim ile bireysel kariyer hedeflerine yön verme ile ilgili süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir. Kadın akademisyenlerin yöneticilik ve akademisyenlik süreçlerinde, bireysel kariyer planlama ile ilgili önemli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.

Türk toplulukları ve devletlerinde insan figürü kullanımı sıkça görülmektedir. Farklı coğrafyalarda, farklı zaman dilimlerinde ve farklı dinleri benimsemiş olan Türklerde kullanılan insan figürleri konu ve biçim bakımından benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu Selçukluların sanat eserlerinde bulunan insan figürlerinin kendilerinden önce var olmuş Türk toplulukları ve devletlerinin yaptığı sanat eserlerindeki insan figürleriyle olan ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Anadolu Selçuklu sanat eserlerinde görülen insan figürleriyle, önceki dönemlerde Orta Asya’da yaşamış olan Türklerin, Uygurların ve Gaznelilerin yaptığı insan figürlerinin bulunduğu sanat eserlerinde kompozisyonda kullanılan elemanlar, duruşlar, giysiler ve yüzler gibi konu ve biçimsel yönleriyle benzerlik görülmektedir. Türk sanatında, Uygurlar ve Gazneliler gibi eski Türk medeniyetlerinin kullandığı geleneksel insan figürü anlayışı Anadolu’da Anadolu Selçuklular yönetimi döneminde getirilmiş ve gelişmiştir. <br> <br> Figurative depiction is widely circulated among Turkish communities and states. There is an alikeness of the aspects of theme and morphology in the figurative art among Turkish communities and states even though they adopted different religions and existed in different regions and periods. Turkish figural art tradition was transferred to Minor Asia by the Anatolian Seljuqs. Correspondingly, this study points up the human figures and their use in the art of the Anatolian Seljuqs as a link to documenting figurative depiction elements within previous Turkish communities and states. Hence the figurative depiction that appears in the Anatolian Seljuqs art parallel to the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids wall paintings in terms of theme, setting and scene, and clothes and the faces of the figures. These characteristics of the Anatolian Seljuqs figurative depictions bear similarity to the theme and the morphologic aspects of the ancient Turks in Central Asia, the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids. Therefore Turkish figurative depiction continued to exist and develop in Anatolia under the Anatolian Seljuqs patronage with the influence of ancient Turkish civilizations, including the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids.

Objective: In this study, tree-falling death cases in the city of Kahramanmaraş are discussed with medicolegal aspects. Methods: 21 tree-falling death cases in the city of Kahramanmaraş were analyzed retrospectively in the study between January 1 2008- December 31 2014. Results: Of all the 21 cases were male and their average age was 59.5 years. All but one case occurred in rural areas. 20% of cases died during hospitalization. Cases of fall were most common from walnut tree (28.5%), followed by fig tree (23.8%) and grapevine (19%). Cases were observed most common in autumn and summer. Extremity injuries were presented 90.5% of cases. The distribution of bone fractures was found most commonly in skull, followed by vertebras, ribs. Cause of death was blunt force head trauma in 47.6% and thorax trauma in 23.8%. Conclusion: Even rare, free-falling case has high mortality and morbidity level. To prevent such injuries, there must be education and informing about public health especially for the rural population.

Öz Kafkasya halklarından olan Vubıhlar, Kuzey Kafkasya’nın batı ucunda yerleşik bir halktı. Tarihsel kayıtlarda Vubıhlar’dan ilk söz eden Evliya Çelebi'dir. Evliya Çelebi, Vubıhlar’ı Abhazların bir kolu olarak tanımlamıştır. Günümüzde yaşayan milletler arenasında yerini alan Vubıhlar her ne kadar bu topluluğun üyesi ise de dillerini kaybetmişlerdir. Vubıhça her ne kadar ölmüş bir dil olsa da izleri yeryüzünden tamamen silinmiş değildir. Vubıhların bugüne değin çözülememiş bir alfabeleri vardır. Roma’da imparatorluk kuran Etrüsklerin, İtalya'ya Anadolu'dan Lidya'dan geldikleri söylenir. Ayrıca bazı bilim adamları tarafından Etrüsklerin, Ligurların ve Pelaskasların Kafkas asıllı kavimler olduğu iddia edilir. Bu kavim Hititlerin bir kolu idi. Anadolu'ya yerleşmiş Kafkas asıllı bir ırk olduğu için, Çerkeslerin Vubıh boyu lehçesinin Hititçe ile hemen hemen aynı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Vubıhça yaşayan bir fosil gibidir. Karadeniz kıyılarında binlerce yıl önce doğmuş, insanlık tarihinin en eski dillerinden biridir. Bu dil sadece bugünkü Rusya Federasyonunun yazları oturulan yüksek yerleşim alanı Soçi bölgesinde konuşulurdu. Bükümlü diller ailesinden olup sessiz harfler açısından Dünya’nın en zengin dilidir. 2 sesliye karşılık 83 sessiz harf bulunur. Bu dilde aşağı yukarı 3000 civarında da sözcük vardır. Bu sayı yazılı belgesi bulunmayan bir dil için fazla sayılabilir. Abstract Ubykhs, who are one of the peoples of the Caucasus, settled in the western end of the North Caucasus. It was Awliya Chalabi who mentioned about Ubykhs firstly in the historical records. Awliya Chalabi described Ubykhs as a branch of Abkhazian. Today, despite of being a living nation, Ubykhs lost their language. Although Ubykh language is a dead language, its traces have not become extinct completely. Ubykhs have an alphabet which cannot be solved out up to now. Because of being a Caucasian origin tribe settling in Anatolia, the dialect of Ubykh tribe of Circassian is thought to be nearly the same as Hittite language. Ubykh language is like a living fossil. Being born on the coasts of Black sea, it is one of the oldest languages of history of humanity. This language was only spoken in Sochi region which is an upland settlement used in summers in Russian Federation today. It belongs to twisted language family and it is the richest language in the world in terms of consonants. It has 83 consonants in return for 2 vowels. There are almost 3000 words in this language. This number is high for a language that does not have written documents.

Introduction: Fetal macrosomia is a condition with heterogeneous etiologic factors and its’ frequency is increasing in recent years. Many macrosomic infants are born without any risk factors and accurate prediction of macrosomia is not possible with only single risk factor. The aim of this study was to research the characteristics of healthy mothers without diabetes who gave birth to macrosomic infants. Materials and Methods: This case-control study comprised 291 healthy pregnant women who were monitored and delivered at Mardin Women and Children’s Hospital. Inclusion criteria were (a) no disease or conditions that may affect birth weight, (b) normal healthy pregnancy and (c) singleton live infants born between 37-42 weeks with no structural defects. A birth weight above 4.000 g was defined as macrosomic neonate. The study group was divided in two; group 1 had a birth weight less than 4.000 g and group 2 had a birth weight above 4.000 g. Characteristics of mother and newborn were analyzed to determine any association with macrosomia. Results: The logistic regression analysis results indicated that the risk of macrosomic infant were male gender of the infant [odds ratio (OR): 3.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.010-5.211; p<0.001], maternal age being above 35 years (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.919-4.005; p=0.026) and duration of gestation being above 40 weeks (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.103-2.949; p=0.009). Conclusions: There are various factors behind having a macrosomic infant in the absence of glucose intolerance.These risk factors should be taken into consideration for possible complication of macrosomia and mothers with the risk factors should be informed.

A 19-year-old male presented with low vision in the right eye since early childhood. Best corrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 10 cm and 1.0 in the right and left eyes. There was no relative afferent pupillary defect; refraction was -6.50 -1.25 x 110 and -0.25 in the right and left eyes. Biomicroscopic examination and intraocular pressures were normal in both eyes. On fundus examination, there was large, cupped disk, extensive peripapillary myelinated retinal nerve fibers extending along superior vascular arcade in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography showed normal average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with thinning in superior quadrant and abnormal foveal contour in the right eye. Although MRNF not cause changes in average RNFL thickness, may cause to serious vision loss by abnormal foveal morphology and anisometropic myopia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine treatment modalities and features of headache in adult patients admitted to Family Health Center (FHC) in primary care.Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, which was performed in FHCs in Düzce, A survey regarding sociodemographic factors and headache features was applied to the adults aged of 18-72 years-old. The International Headache Society criteria were used for diagnosis of headache.Results: The study was performed with 97 (39.2% male, 60.8% female) subjects mean age 38.3±5.1 (18-72) years. Average age of onset was 22.2±10.8 years in males and 25.3±11.9 years in females (p>0.05). The mean duration of headache in males and females were 6.4±8.0 hours and 7.9±10.3 hours (p>0.05) respectively. Duration of drug use for headache was 11.1±9.5 years in males and 7.9±8.5 years in females (p=0.04). No significant difference was found in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores between two genders. Majority of participations had high school and upper education and married. Headache was mostly in a throbbing pattern and frequently associated with phonophobia (62.9%). The participants had used drugs without prescription by physician (54.6%). The most frequently used drugs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol, frequently in a combination of two or three analgesics.Conclusion: Headache started at the second decade for both genders, MIDAS scores was moderate and did not show any differences, whereas females, subjects with high school and upper education and married ones were more frequent. Majority of patients received more than two analgesic drugs without prescription.

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 1970-2013 dönemleri arasında Türkiye’nin petrol talebinin fiyat ve gelir esnekliklerini tahmin etmek ve petrol fiyatı, petrol talebi ve gelir düzeyi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin yönünü tespit etmektir. Çalışmada tahmin yöntemleri olarak ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımı ve Toda-Yamamoto (1995) Granger Nedensellik Testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda değişkenler arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin mevcut olduğu gözlemlenmiştir Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, uzun dönemde petrol talebinin fiyat esnekliği -0,17; gelir esnekliği ise 0,51 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Diğer yandan, kısa dönemdeki fiyat esnekliği ise -0,08; gelir esnekliği ise 0,59 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik sonuçlara göre, petrol talebinin fiyat ve gelir esneklikleri hem uzun dönemde hem de kısa dönemde inelastiktir. Nedensellik Testi sonuçlarına göre ise petrol fiyatından petrol talebine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlardan Türkiye’de petrol fiyatı ve gelir düzeyinin petrol talebi üzerinde kısa ve uzun dönemde güçlü bir etkisinin olmadığı, bunun temel nedeninin ise petrolün zorunlu mallar arasında yer almasından kaynaklandığı söylenebilir. ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this paper is estimating price elasticity and income elasticity of oil demand, and causality relationship between variables with respect to Turkish economy for the period of 1970 and 2013. In the study, ARDL Bound Test approach and Toda-Yamamoto (1995) Granger Causality Test are employed as an estimation method. According to bound test analysis, a cointegration relationship is found between variables. Empirical findings show that long-run price and income elasticity of oil demand in Turkey is -0.17 and 0.51 respectively. On the other hand, short-run price and income elasticity of oil demand estimated as -0.08 and 0.59 respectively. Causality Test results indicates that there is a unidirectional causality from oil price to oil demand. These results suggest that changes in oil prices and income level haven’t strong effects on oil demand in the short-run and long-run in Turkish economy.

Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi, son yıllarda gittikçe önem kazanan işlevsel bir alandır. Bu süreçteki dil becerileri dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazmadır. Dili somutlaştıran bir beceri olan yazmanın öğretimi belirli aşamalardan ve basamaklardan oluşmaktadır. Yazma öğretimi aşamaları; alfabe, kelime, cümle, paragraf ve metin öğretimi şeklinde sıralanabilir. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde yazma süreci ise; motivasyon ve ön bilgilendirme, örnek metin inceleme, hazırlık, taslak oluşturma, düzenleyerek yazma, düzeltme ve yayımlama basamaklarından oluşmaktadır. Bu eğitimi verecek olan kişi, belirli bir dil bilgisi, söylem, iletişim ve kültür alanında yeterliliğe sahip olmalıdır.

The harlequin fetus, a severe variant of ichthyosis, occurs rarely, and these babies die within the first few days of life. Early retinoid therapy may improve the disorder and help increase survival rates. The exact cause of the sudden infant death syndrome of the suckling is not known and the incidence approximately is 0.1-0.3 %. In general, these babies looked well and healthy at the time of the sleeping but were found dead in their bed in the morning. We report a harlequin fetus with sudden infant death syndrome.

Sözlük, yeni kelimelerin öğreniminde başvurulan ana kaynaktır, denilebilir. Bu nedenle Türkçenin yabancılara öğretiminde de oldukça önemli bir materyaldir. Türkçenin yabancılara öğretimi üzerine pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak sözlük kullanımı üzerine oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe öğrenen yabancıların, kelime hazinesinin gelişiminde sözlük kullanma becerilerini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2011-2012 eğitim öğretim yılında Gazi TÖMER’de A2 kurunda bulunan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, betimsel modelde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel veri toplama tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Nicel veriler, “Yabancı Öğrencilerin Sözlük Kullanma Becerilerini Belirleme Anketi” ile toplanmış ve verilerin analizinde SPSS 15.0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda Türkçe öğrenen yabancılar için seviyeler göz önüne alınarak bir sözlük oluşturulması gerektiği şeklinde birtakım öneriler sunulmuştur.

In the novel Gerçek by Zola and in the novel Yeşil Gece byGüntekin it is aimed to put an end to the reign of the sultanate andkingdom, the adoption of Republic regime, the abolition of of the powerof the church and caliphate over the governance and the decrease theirpressure ov er the society, the adoption of the contemparary educationrather than the one dominated by the medresa and the church and theeducation supported by the state, and putting an end to the educationof the individuals and generations who are resistant to newdevelopments, to educate the individulas who are open-minded, tolerantand who arein favour of modern science and development. Zola andGüntekin are against the powers to dominate the individuals’ ideas andtheir future. Those authors not only make effort to create a societymade up of open-minded individuals but also to create a society infavour of national indepedence and soverignity. The authors call theindividuals to become aware of these two type ofreedom and preservethem.Zola and Güntekin choose the persons in the role of a teacher asthe main characters. The main characters in their novels actualise theideal of well-educated individuals and then they try to save their societyfrom the dark parts of life and underdevelopment. The novels are thestories of the teachers to take every risk for the sakeof educating thechildren in line with their idealism and for a better future.Consequently, both of these authors observed the events during the process of evelopment and after it and considered the solution of the problems such as the formation of powers, religious bigotry, ignorance, marginalisation, and discrimination only if the individuals were givea secular education, and t individuals adopted a cultureof tolerance. That is why, the character of Zola Marc and The charact of Güntekin Şahin try to educate individuals who will constitute a modern society and perrve the spirit of Republic. The problems handledby Zola andGüntekin nearly a century ago stil exist in most societies. <br> Emile Zola'nın Gerçek ve Reşat Nuri Güntekin'in Yeşil Gece romanlarında krallık ve padişahlık gibi güçlerin hâkimiyetine son vererek, egemenliğin halkın eline geçmesi olan Cumhuriyet rejiminin benimsenmesi, kilise ve halifeliğin yönetim üzerindeki gücünün kaldırılması ve toplum üzerindeki baskısının azaltılması, kilise ve medrese tarafından dine dayalı yürütülen eğitim yerine çağdaş eğitim sisteminin benimsenmesi ve devlet eliyle sürdürülmesi, yobaz, başkalarının güdümünde köle, gelişmeye kapalı insanlar ve nesiller yetiştirme düşüncesinden vazgeçilerek birey olduğunun bilincinde, farklı güçlere boyun eğmeyen, özgür düşünceli, hoşgörülü, bilim ve gelişme yanlısı nesiller yetiştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Zola ve Güntekin, toplumda bazı hâkim güçlerin, insanların vicdanlarına, fikirlerine ve aydınlık geleceklerine hükmetmelerine karşıdırlar. Söz konusu yazarlar, sadece bireysel bağlamda özgür düşünceli bireylerden oluşan toplum yaratma uğraşı içerisinde değildirler, aynı zamanda ulusal egemenlik ve bağımsızlıktan yana bir toplum yaratmaya çalışırlar. Yazarlar, tüm ülke vatandaşlarını bu iki özgürlüğün bilincine varıp bunlara sahip çıkmaya çağırmaktalar.Yazarlar romanlarının ana kahramanı olarak öğretmen rolündeki kişileri seçmişlerdir. Zola ve Güntekin'in öğretmen rolündeki ana kahramanları önce kendilerini iyi yetiştirmiş bir birey olma idealinigerçekleştirir, ardından da toplumlarını geri kalmış ve karanlıkyanlarından kurtarmaya çalışırlar. Çocukları idealleri doğrultusundayetiştirmek için, her türlü zorluğu göze alabilen ve toplumlarınınaydınlık geleceği uğruna mücadele etmekten yılmayan öğretmelerinöyküsüdür söz konusu romanlar.Sonuç olarak her iki yazar da toplumlarında gerçekleştirilendeğişim süreci ve sonrası yaşanan olayları gözlemleyerek, toplumlarındemokratik anlamda gelişmesinde önemli engel olarak boy gösteren güçodakları oluşturma, dinî taassup, bağnazlık, cahillik, ötekileştirme veayrımcılık gibi toplumsal düzeyde irdeledikleri evrensel sorunlarınçözümünü laik eğitimle eğitilmiş, hoşgörü kültürünü benimsemiş gençnesillerin yetiştirilmesine bağlamaktadırlar. Bu nedenledir ki Zola'nınkahramanı Marc ve Güntekin'in kahramanı Şahin demokratikcumhuriyet ruhunu yaşatacak ve uygar toplumlar oluşturacak bireyleryetiştirmenin çabası içerisindedirler. Zola ve Güntekin'in yaklaşık birasır önce ele aldıkları sorunlar bugün de birçok toplumda varlığınısürdürmektedir.

Objective: Oxidative stress in obese children may lead in adulthood serious conditions such as coronary heart diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In childhood oxidative stress is associated with insulin resistance or extreme obesity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate oxidative stress status in moderately obese children without insulin resistance. Methods: A total of 38 obese children (21 male, 17 female) without insulin resistance, mean aged 9.4±3.8 years) and 51 normal weight children (25 male, 26 female) as the control group, mean aged 9.3±3.9 years) were enrolled to the study. Total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results: The results reveal that obese children had lower TAC than normal weight children (2,27±0,28 vs. 2.76±0.35 mmol Trolox Eq./L; p<0,001). There was no statistical difference between obese and control groups regarding TOS (6,08±3,63 vs 5.25±4.16 μmol H2O2 Eq./L; p=0.333). OSI was higher in obese group (2.65±1.52 vs 1.92±1.56; p=0.029) Conclusion: Balance between oxidant and antioxidant system is disrupted due to the reduced TAC even in moderately obese children without insulin resistance. Further studies should also be performed to evaluate the beneficial effects of dietary intake of antioxidants in these children.

ABSTRACT Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) or Pet Therapy is an adjunctive therapy by taking advantage of human and animal interaction, activate the physiological and psychological mechanisms, initiate positive changes improving health in metabolism. In recent years, this interaction are in use to treat psychological and psychiatric disorders such as stress, depression, loneliness, pervasive developmental disorders affect negatively to human health. Furthermore, AAT has been increasingly used to improve quality of life, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic illnesses such as cancer and AIDS. The aim of this paper is to identify AAT by reviewing human and animal interaction, evaluate how AAT has a scientific background from past to now. Also, we aim to give some information about the risks, institutional applications, some factors referring AAT&#8217;s mechanism of action and chronic diseases, psychological and physical improvements provided with animal assisted therapies. The therapy results will be evaluated more advisable providing AAT is being applied with public health specialist, veterinarian, physician, psychologist, psychiatrist and veterinary public health experts who are monitor applications. Especially, the psychosomatic effects result from physical, emotional and play mechanism of action of HDT can be used for improving quality of life in individuals with chronic diseases. In Turkey, there is no any investigation which have been performed in this scientific field. It is quitely important to evaluate the benefits of this therapy accurately and to select various methods proper to diseases. Consequently, it is obvious that AAT will be considered by the healthcare services as a supportive therapy process for improving human health in Turkey and needs further studies. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(3.000): 263-272]

The novel of Masumiyet Müzesi published by Orhan Pamuk in 2008 is shaped around a love theme. Besides the love theme, the themes of family, ethics, marriage, sexuality, rich-poor, east-west, modernisation are explained in relation to social, political, cultural properties of the period in the novel in which events took place between 1975 and 2008. In that novel which was written from the point of view of a protagonist (I) narrator, the events are explained through the interpretations of Kemal Basmacı, the protagonist of the novel. The themes handled in the novel are evaluated within the framework of modernism and tradition perceptions of Kemal Basmacı, a modern rich man representing west and his family and “elite” neighbourhood and perceptions of Füsun, who has been brought up in Çukurcuma district, representing east and who is the daughter of a family dependent on their traditions. In this study, the perceptions of modernism and tradition will be investigated taking Füsun and Kemal’s love as the central point and in line with the points of view of the characters of the novel. <br> <br> Orhan Pamuk’un 2008 yılında yayımladığı Masumiyet Müzesi romanı aşk izleği etrafında şekillenir. Vaka zamanının 1975-2008 yıllarını kapsadığı romanda aşkın yanı sıra aile, ahlak, evlilik, cinsellik, zengin-fakir, doğu-batı, modernleşme izlekleri de dönemin sosyal, siyasi, kültürel dokusuyla işlenerek anlatılır. Kahraman (ben) anlatıcı bakış açısıyla kaleme alınan romanda olaylar başkişi Kemal Basmacı’nın yorumuyla anlatılır. Romanda işlenen izlekler, batıyı temsil eden, modern, zengin Kemal Basmacı, ailesi ve “sosyete” çevresi ile doğuyu temsil eden Çukurcuma semtinde yaşayan geleneklerine bağlı bir ailenin kızı olan Füsun’un modernizm ve gelenek algıları bağlamında değerlendirilir. Bu çalışmada modernizm ve gelenek algısı Füsun ve Kemal’in aşkı merkezinde romandaki karakterlerin bakış açıları doğrultusunda irdelenecektir.

In this study, length–weight relationship parameters of 16 out of 30 caught cartilaginous fish species examined (11 Sharks, 18 Batoids and<em> </em>1 Chimaera) from the Central Aegean Sea and presented.<em> </em>Samples were caught from depths of &lt;500 m by research vessel and a commercial trawler, between 2008-2009. The values of the slope b in the length-weight relationship parameters ranged from 2.79 (<em>Torpedo marmorata</em>) to 3.78 (<em>Scyliorhinus stellaris</em>), a values from 0.0002 (<em>Scyliorhinus stellaris</em>) to 0.9713 (<em>Dasyatis pastinaca</em>). This study has optained and examined the most chondrichthyan species among the studies in the eastern Mediterranean.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine frequency of smoking, and was to evaluate it and #8217;s related with depression in 30-65 aged men in Beylikova district of Eskisehir city. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was realized between from 01st November to 31st December 2010 among men population of the age group 30-65 in Beylikova district of Eskisehir Province. Survey form to collect data for the purpose of this study was drawn from the literature. The Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) was used for to evaluate degree of nicotine dependence. Depression was measured with a Turkish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0. Statistical analysis was made using the Chi square test and Spearman Correlation. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The age average of 372 men was 45.41+/-10.59 (range=30-65). The frequency of smoking was 62.9%. The amount of cigarettes smoked ranged from 2 to 137.5 pack-years. The average scores of FTQ were 5.26+/-2.43 (min: 0, max: 10) in the smokers. A significant positive correlation was found between the scores of FTQ and the amount (pack-years) of cigarettes smoked (rs=0.567; p<0.001). The frequency of depression doubtful cases was 73 (19.6%) in the study group. According to the FTQ scores of smokers; 63 (26.9%) men were high, and 47 (20.1%) men were very high degree of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION: Depression frequency was higher in smokers than non-smokers. A positive association was found between pack-years and nicotine dependence level. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(4.000): 273-280]

In this study the minstrel of Yusuf and Zuleyha written by Hamdullah Hamdi was dealed in the view of Axel olrik’s epic rules. While evaluation of Mesnevi’s epic character, Turkish folk stories and Turkish legends were taken into consideration. At the end of research we saw that the epic quality of the poetry was very rich and Hamdi used the various sources to stay active readers and listeners as if he was teller of a story or a legend. Hamdi behaved like a epic narrator and minstrel who suggested the products of folk literature. In this view, the writer is very close to the traditions of folk literature. In such comparative studies on minstrels, similarities between different traditions of Turkish folk literature will be obvious. <br> <br> Bu çalışmada Hamdullah Hamdi’nin Yusuf u Züleyha Mesnevisi Axel Olrik’in Epik Kurallar’ı yönünden ele alınmıştır. Mesnevinin epik karakteri değerlendirilirken Türk halk hikâyeleri ve Türk destancılık geleneği de göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. İnceleme neticesinde mesnevinin epik niteliğinin zengin olduğunu, Hamdi’nin tıpkı bir hikâye veya destan anlatıcısı gibi dinleyicinin/okuyucunun dikkatini canlı tutmak için çeşitli kaynaklardan faydalandığını gördük. Hamdi bilerek veya bilmeyerek halk edebiyatı mahsullerini ortaya koyan destancı ve âşıklar gibi davranmıştır. Bu yönüyle de yazar halk edebiyatı geleneğine yaklaşmaktadır. Mesneviler üzerine yapılacak bu tür karşılaştırmalı çalışmalarda Türk edebiyatının farklı gelenekleri arasındaki benzerlikler daha da gün yüzüne çıkacaktır.

Foreign body aspirations are rare in adults. As they can be asymptomatic for a long time, they can mimic many pathologic situations. We presented two cases with endobronchial lesions occurred as a result of foreign body aspiration that mimicking bronchial carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Absence status epilepticus (ASE) has been well recognized for many years, but its pathophysiology has not yet been illuminated and there are speculations about GABAergic mechanisms. We aimed to study the etiopathogenesis of ASE by using magnetic resonance-spectroscopy (MRS), which gives in vivo information about neuronal loss and/or dysfunction by correlating the results with age- and sex-matched normal healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Four patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), which was diagnosed in accordance with the International League Against Epilepsy criteria, with recurrent ASE were investigated. The control groups consisted of ten age- and sex-matched patients with HC and ten patients with GGE. MRS measurements of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and creatine (Cr) were performed in the frontal lobes and thalamus bilaterally with a voxel size of 20x20x20 mm, the values of the patients were compared with those of the controls using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: In patients with ASE, NAA/Cr levels were decreased when compared with those with HC and GGE in the frontal lobes and thalamus. Moreover, frontal lobe Cho values and Cho/Cr ratios were elevated in all patients with GGE, and more pronounced in patients with ASE comparison with those with HC. There was a positive correlation of ASE with the frontal Cho/Cr ratio and a negative correlation with NAA/Cr ratios in patients with GGE (p=0.002, z=-0.745). The presence of absence seizures related negatively to the thalamic NAA/Cr ratio and NAA levels. Prognosis showed a negative correlation with thalamic NAA levels (p=0.026, z=-0.591) and the NAA/Cr ratio (p=0.013, z=-0.645). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although our sample size was small due to the rarity of the condition, this first MRS study in patients with ASE showed that neuronal dysfunction in frontal lobes and thalamus was more pronounced when compared with those with GGE and related to poor prognosis. Our study suggested that the dysfunction in thalamocortical circuits might underlie ASE attacks.

AB’nin Türkiye ile kolay olmayan ilişkisi Kıbrıs’ın birleşmesi üzerine temel prensip anlaşmazlıkları nedeniyle daha da karmaşık bir hale geliyor. Kıbrıs hakkında çözülmeyen anlaşmazlık, Türkiye ile AB üyeliği konusunda müzakerelerin devam edip etmemesi konusundaki soruyu akla getirmektedir. AB aynı zamanda, Kıbrıs gibi, Türk limanlarının Kıbrıs gemilerine de açılmasını talep etmektedir. Türkiye bunu reddetmekte ve Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın Avrupa Birliği ile doğrudan ticaret yapmasına izin verilmesini istemektedir. AB, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ı tanımamak için bunu reddetmektedir. Problem, adanın 2004 yılında yeniden birleşmeyi kabul etmeyen Rum kesiminin Avrupa Birliğine alınmasında yatmaktadır. Bu tarihten beri Güney Kıbrıs Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğini bloke etmektedir. Abstract The uneasy relation of EU with Turkey becomes more complicated because of the basic principle conflicts on rejoining of Cyprus. The unsettled conflict about Cyprus reminds us the question on whether negotiations about Turkey and EU membership will continue. Meanwhile, EU, like Cyprus, demands opening of Turkish ports to Cyprus ships. Turkey refuses this demand and wants giving of permission to the Northern Cyprus to make direct trading with the European Union. EU refuses this because it does not want to recognize the Northern Cyprus. The problem is acceptance of the Greek populated southern part of Cyprus that did not accept rejoining to the European Union in 2004. Since that date, the Southern Cyprus blocks the EU membership of Turkey.

This study was aimed to determine the microbiological qualities of totally 120 cream cakes including chocolate and fruit type, purchased from 30 randomly selected pastry shops in Tekirdağ province. Based on the Turkish Food Codex Microbiological Criterias Communique; 59, 50, 16 and 53 out of 60 chocolate cake samples tested were found to be potentially hazardous/unacceptible respectively for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (98.3% of the total >105 cfu/g), coliform bacteria (83.3%of the total >102 cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus (26.6% of the total >102 cfu/g) and yeast and mould (88.3% of the total >103 cfu/g). On the other hand, 60, 56, 19 and 55 out of 60 fruit cake samples tested were found to be potentially hazardous/unacceptible respectively for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (100 % >105 cfu/g), coliform bacteria (93.3%of the total >102 cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus (31.6% of the total >102 cfu/g) and yeast and mould (91.6% of the total >103 cfu/g). Salmonella were not detected in any of the chocolate and fruit cake samples. Obtained results showed that the microbiological qualities of cakes were poor due to poor hygiene and poor food handling practices in pastry shops.

AIM: Oral health is still the most important health problem for school age-children. It is important to determine the modifiable risk factors for the control and management of dental problems. Although comparison of risk between groups of high and low socioeconomic status, it need to assessed risk factor within the low socioeconomic group. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was held on a sample of 151 students who are disadvantaged socio-economic status, between the ages of 7-15. The data were collected with a questionnaire, including oral health screening and possible risk factors. The data were summarized as the number and percentage, analysis of odds ratios and confidence interval were used. RESULTS: According to the results of oral health screening 74.8% of students had dental caries and 44.4% had poor oral hygiene. We found that average of missing teeth 1.12+/-1.4; stained teeth 1.69+/-2.1, dental caries 3.07+/-2.8. Age, gender, mothers education were not risk factors for dental caries. Father's education level of secondary and below (OR:4.272 Cl:1.893-9,644); not having toothbrush (OR:3.938, Cl:1.526-10.167);and not to consume milk per day (OR:3,043, Cl:1.395-6,635) were important risk factors effected oral health negatively. Risk factors for poor oral hygiene were under the age of 10 (OR:2.0202 Cl:1.410-4,253); mothers education level of primary school and below (OR:3,051 Cl:1,471-6,329); father's education level of secondary and below (OR:9,212 Cl:3,056-27,773); not having toothbrush (OR: 4.258, CI :2,096-8, 650) and not to consume milk per day (OR: 2.240, CI :1,661-4 .3622). CONCLUSIONS: Poor socio-economic situation is considered a major risk for dental health however parents with low education, not having toothbrush and not to consume milk per day were risk factors for dental health negatively affect. Providing toothbrush for students with low socioeconomic status and distribution of milk in school can decrease the problems of in terms of dental health for this group [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(6.000): 479-486]

<p>Despite the recent improvements in Internet Banking or Online Banking, there are still some constraints, mainly security related issues and some other factors, which contribute to the hesitations of individuals’ Internet Banking adoption. Instead of widely used behaviorist models our study utilizes panel data and explores why Internet Banking is very common in some Turkish provinces but not in the others. To investigate the relationship among the data we employed correlation statistics and to study the differences better in Internet Banking adoption among the provinces we used Mann-Whitney U non-parametric statistical analyses.</p>

Proteus syndrome is an exceptionally rare congenital disorder with asymmetrical disproportionate overgrowth that includes any tissue of the body. Most of the patients with Proteus syndrome are generally needed to operate for overgrowths and related deformities. However, pulmonary manifestations such as cystic lung and vertebral abnormalities including kyphoscoliosis can lead to high anesthesia risk. The patients with Proteus syndrome should be evaluated in detail preoperatively, and managed carefully during and after anesthesia. Although up to 200 cases with Proteus syndrome have been reported to date, there are few reports on anesthetic management in such cases. In this paper, we present a Proteus syndrome in a case of 12-year old boy who was succesfully operated for foot reconstruction without any anesthesia-related complication.

Aim: Hip fractures are the most serious and economically most important complication of osteoporosis. Therefore in our study we examined risk factors associated with osteoporotic hip fractures. Material and Methods: Patients (Group 1; n=35) with osteoporotic hip fractures were compared with patients aged ≥70 years without osteoporotic hip fractures (Group 2; n=35). Age and sex distribution of the patients were recorded. From all patients bone mineral density measurements (BMD) of their L1-L4 vertebras and femurs (total and femoral head) were obtained using dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques. Their walking distances, presence and location of any previous fracture(s), usage of any assisted device, concomitant disease(s), laboratory values, creatinine clearance (ml/min), and recurrent falling episodes were documented. Results: Any significant difference could not be found as for sex, BMD measurements of relevant regions, presence of any previous fracture(s), history of recurrent falls and creatinine clearance (p >0.05). The mean age of the patients in Group 1 was more advanced (p>0.05). Although walking distances in Group 2 were longer, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).The usage of asisted device and the presence of concomitant disease(s) were more frequently observed in Group 1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The association of many risk factors with hip fracture has been demonstrated. Determination of these risk factors and their detailed examination are quite important in the prevention of hip fractures and related disabilities. (From the World of Osteoporosis 2010;16:31-4)

Tarih Nasıl Yapılır, dört Fransız akademisyen-tarihçi tarafından kaleme alınmış olan bir metindir. Bir tür "tarihin tarihi" olma niteliğini taşımakta olup tarihsel olanın niteliklerini sorgulamaktadır. Tarihsel olanın niteliklerini saptamak gibi netameli bir çabaya karşılık gelen söz konusu metin, antikçağdan günümüze uzanan süreçte tarih disiplini ile ilgili pratikleri geniş bir perspektif üzerinden ele almaktadır.

The main aim of this research is to investigate the current problems of the public libraries in Ankara, capital of Turkey, in the frame of their managers' approaches in May 2000. At the end of the research which included the fifteen public libraries in eight central districts in Ankara it has been understood that the "classical" problems concerning with personnel, collection, building, budget and services are still continuing. Bu araştırma, başkent Ankara'da bulunan halk kütüphanelerinin yaşadıkları sorunları yöneticilerin yaklaşımları çerçevesinde incelemek amacıyla Mayıs 2000 tarihinde yapılmıştır. Ankara'daki 8 merkez ilçede bulunan 15 halk kütüphanesini kapsayan araştırma sonucunda ilgili kütüphanelerde personel, derme, bina, bütçe ve hizmetlere ilişkin "klasik" sorunların hâlâ sürdüğü anlaşılmıştır. Ancak, günümüzde en büyük sorun, WWW sayfalarının yoğunlukla resimler, görüntüler, ses ve video küpleri ile geliştirilmekte olduğudur. Bu nedenle bu makalenin amacı, öncelikle engellilere yönelik uyarlanmış teknoloji ürünleri alanında bilgi vermek ve bu bireylere yönelik Web tasarım örnekleri sunmaktır.

<p>In this paper, we analyze the Hyundai Motor Group’s newly evolved-production structure to illustrate the evolution of a corporate system. Specifically, we explore why Hyundai Motor Group’s domestic-oriented production structure could be maintained until the more recent history of Korea’s domestic automobile market. Our findings show that since 2012, the Hyundai Motor Group’s production structure—which has been affected by internal and external factors in the automobile market—has transformed from a domestic-oriented production structure to an overseas-oriented production structure. Our findings further demonstrate that both technical factors embedded in the Hyundai Motor Group’s production system and non-technical factors that strive to equate the production conditions in the Group’s foreign and domestic facilities support the smooth operation of the overseas-oriented production structure.</p><strong>Keywords.</strong> Corporate system, Production structure, Automobile industry, Hyundai Motor Group, Evolutionary transformation.<br /><br /><strong>JEL.</strong> F23, L 11, L62, M21.

<p><strong>ÖZET</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada son yılların güncel konularından biri olan Twitter gazeteciliğinin temel dinamikleri analiz edilmiş ve yurttaş gazeteciliği ile arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Gazeteciliği hızlandıran, kısaltan ve anında mesajın tüm dünyaya birden inetraktif bir şekilde ulaşmasını sağlayan Twitter, kısa bir sürede tüm medya ortamının dahil olduğu bir platform haline gelmiştir. Resmi veya gayrı resmi tüm gazete ve gazetecilerin içinde yer aldığı Twitter, pek çok insanın gündemi takip ettiği bir medyaya dönüşmüştür. Aynı anda hem ünlü, profesyonel gazetecilerin, hem de sıradan insanların benzer konuda attığı iletiler, okurlar için kimi zaman sürat, kimi zaman çoğulculuk, kimi zaman da muhalefet imkanı sağlamaktadır. 90’lı yıllarda Amerika’da ortaya çıkan yurttaş gazeteciliği özellikle internetin devreye girmesiyle, yoğun bir şekilde sanal aleme taşınmış ve dijital ortamda pek çok projenin hayata geçirilmesiyle kamuoyu gündeminde kendine yer bulmuştur. Pek çok dijital mecra bu amaçla oluşturulmuş ve yurttaşların seslerini daha iyi duyurabilmeleri adına çeşitli etkinlikler düzenlenmiştir. Yurttaş haberciliğinin yolunun Twitter gazeteciliği ile kesişmesi ise son derece işlevsel bir işbirliğinin de habercisi olmuştur. Twitter’da sıradan insanların da gazetecilik yapabilmeleri, seslerini duyurabilmeleri ve hak odaklı bir yayıncılık için son derece işlevsel bir araç olması onu yurttaş gazeteciliğinin temel zeminlerinden biri haline getirmiştir.</p>

Teaching and learning of the concept of energy and related concepts through traditional teaching methods are difficult since these concepts are abstract and their scientific meanings are different from their daily-life meanings. Moreover, another source of this difficulty is due to deficiency of appropriate teaching materials for such abstract concepts. Constructivist approach derives from students' real-world experiences and suggests the use of computer technology for solving these problems. Due to these reasons, there is a need to develop teaching materials in order to make science concepts concrete that are too theoretical to grab, too small to see, and too big to bring to class. The aim of this study is to introduce a computer-supported instructional material based upon 5E learning model regarding the “work, power and energy” unit for 10th grade level. Finally, e-contents of the FATIH Project might be designed according to the 5E learning model as done in this study.

Although most psychiatric patients are not violent, serious mental illness is associated with increased risk of violent behavior. There was statistically significant increase of risk of violence in schizophrenia in comparison with general population. The risk of violence in schizophrenia is increased by comorbid substance use disorder. Violence among adults with schizophrenia may follow at least two distinct pathways one associated with antisocial conduct, and another associated with the acute psychopathology of schizophrenia. Clozapine is the most effective treatment of violence behavior in schizophrenia. Emerging evidence suggests that olanzapine may be the second line of treatment. Treatment adherence is of key importance. Non-pharmacological methods of treatment of violence in schizophrenia are increasingly important. Cognitive behavioral approaches appear to be effective in cases where pharmacotherapy alone does not suffice. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2014; 6(1.000): 45-55]

Çınarlı Stream within the borders of Hafik district of Sivas city is famous for its natural beauties and rich water resource. By passing through a steep valley, Çınarlı stream reaches at forages exhibiting gypsum characteristic of Çınarlı Village. It supplies the irrigation water needs of Koşutdere and near villages where it merges with Koç Stream, and then mixes into Kızılırmak within the borders of Hafik district. Çınarlı Stream satisfies table and usage water requirements of Çınarlı, Bahçecik and Koşutdere villages, besides supplying the irrigation water for fertile agricultural lands near them. In this study, by observing the water quality of Çınarlı Stream via physico-chemical methods by taking samples from 6 stations on stream and analyzing these samples between October 2011 and September 2013, it has been aimed to determine and record the monthly and seasonal changes in water quality, to determine the quality criteria in accordance with Water Pollution and Control Regulation (WPCR), and to create a data base for further studies in Çınarlı Stream, where no other study has been carried out.

: Bu makalede, Nâbî’nin Hayriyye’si ve Vehbî’nin Lutfiyye’sinde çocuklara nasihat etme ve hitap ediş üslupları incelenmektedir. Şairlerin sosyal hayata rehberlik ettiği nazım türleri arasında nasihatnameler önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Pendname ismiyle de bilinen bu eserler, çocuklara ve gençlere verilen nasihatlerden oluşmaktadır. Klasik Türk Edebiyatında nasihatname denildiğinde akla Nâbî’nin Hayriyye’si ve Sünbülzâde Vehbî’nin ondan etkilenerek yazdığı Lutfiyye’si gelmektedir. Burada dikkat çeken bir özellik; Nâbî ve Vehbî’nin çocuklara yaklaşımları ve hitap ediş tarzlarıdır. Nasihatnamelerde genellikle muhatabın herhangi bir konudaki yetersizliğine dikkat çekilmekte, “Ey oğul!” hitabıyla söze başlanarak istenen davranış ve özellikler sıralanmaktadır. Nâbî ve Vehbî ise çocuk eğitimine dair günümüzde bilinen öğretim metotlarında bile göremediğimiz bir tarz belirlemişlerdir. Hayriyye ve Lutfiyye’de bulunan bu yönteme göre; çocuğa üst perdeden hitap edilmemekte, çocuğun eksik yönleri yerine üstün özellikleri anlatılmakta, sahip oldukları değerleri iyi yönde kullanmaları öğütlenmektedir. Abstract: This article examines the advice and the address forms to children in Nabi’s Hayriyye and Vehbi’s Lutfiyye. The nasihatnames hold an important place among the verse types which guided social life. This kind of work consist of advice to children and young people. In classical Turkish literature Nabi’s Hayriyye and Sünbülzade Vehbi’s Lutfiyye, which was inspired by the former, are most the remembered works in the works of advice. A striking feature here is the approaches and styles of declamation of Nabi and Vehbi to children. Advisory works generally point to the weaknesses of the reader and list the desired features with same beginning, “O son.” First Nabi, then Vehbi developed a different method in Hayriyye and Lutfiyye respectively. In their method, children are spoken to from the top down pedantically with weaknesses instead strenghts and outstanding qualities of children are pointed out and children are advized as to how to put these qualities to better use.

<p>The research was done methodologically in order to determine the validity and reliability of Paternal-Infant Attachment Questionnaire used abroad, in case of adaption to Turkish society. The research sample consisted of 190 fathers who had 6-12 months old infant and live in İzmir/Bornova. The scale included three subdimensions and 19 items. First, in order to satisfy the language equivalence, the scale was translated into Turkish, and translated back again. After translations, necessary expression changes were done in direction of specialists’ opinions obtained, consequently omitted 1 items. Primarily, in order to determine the time-dependent invariance of the scale, the scale was applied to 20 individuals again 15 days after the first application and the concordance between first and second applications was analyzed with kappa concordance analysis. The data analysis was carried out with confirmatory factor analysis, validity was tested with item analysis and reliability was measured with Mcdonald omega (w) coefficient.<strong> </strong>The time-dependent invariance of the scale was found to be high with kappa concordance analysis (Kappa (κ)= 0.53-1.00). Confirmatory Factor Analysis affirmed that items were represented by three main factors as presumed in the original scale. Model fit indices were found to be X²=196.46, df= 128, X²/df= 1.53, GFI= 0.90, CFI= 0.91, RMSEA= 0.053, SRMR=0.067. Mcdonald (w) coefficient interval was between 0.52  and 0.80. Turkish version of Paternal İnfant attachment Scale  was approved to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for evaluating  father-infant attachment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Araştırma, baba bebek bağlanmasını ölçmek amacıyla yurtdışında geliştirilen Baba- Bebek Bağlanma Ölçeği’nin Türk toplumuna uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde yaşayan, 6-12 aylık bebeği olan 190 baba oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin üç alt boyutu ve 19 maddesi bulunmaktadır. Ölçeğin ilk olarak dil eşdeğerliliğinin sağlanması için Türkçeye çevirisi ve geri çevirisi yapılmıştır. Çeviri işleminin ardından uzman görüşleri alınmış ve uzmanların önerileri doğrultusunda gerekli düzeltmeler yapılmış, bir madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin zamana karşı değişmezliğini belirlemek için birinci uygulamadan 15 gün sonra ölçek 20 kişiye tekrar uygulanmış, iki uygulama arasındaki uyumları kappa uyum analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Yapı geçerliğini belirlemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi(DFA) yapılmış, güvenirlik düzeyine ilişkin kanıtlar Mcdonald’ın omega (w) katsayıları ile hesaplanmıştır. Kappa analizi sonucu<strong> ö</strong>lçeğin zamana karşı değişmezlik özelliği yüksek bulunmuştur (Kappa (κ)= 0.53- 1.00). DFA analizinde ölçeğin özgün ölçekte öngörüldüğü gibi maddelerin üç faktör tarafından temsil edildiği belirlenmiştir. Model uyum indeksleri olan X²=196.46, df= 128, X²/df= 1.53, GFI= 0.90, CFI= 0.91, RMSEA= 0.053, SRMR=0.067 olarak elde edilmiştir. Güvenirlik için w katsayısı değerleri 0.52-0.80 arasındadır. Baba bebek bağlanma ölçeği babaların bebeklerine bağlanmalarını değerlendirebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracıdır.</p>

The purpose of this study was to examine effect of 8-week strength training on motor abilities of male tennis players between aged 12-14 years.The total 20 athletes which played in the Club of Ankara Tennis participated in the study, as experimental group (n=10, Age:13.10±0.87 years, Height:152.90±4.22 cm, Body mass:40.64±5.72 kg) and control group (n=10, Age:13.10±0.87 yıl, Height:152.30±4.73 cm, Body mass:39.35±3.62 kg). The experimental group performed the strength training for 8 weeks in addition to tennis training. The control group performed only tennis training. The motor abilities were measured before the strength training period (pre-test) and after the strength training (post-test) for the experimental and control group. The results of pre-test of experimental and control group were defined as a co-variance and the difference between post-tests of variables was compared in univariate co-variance analysis. The difference between some performance variables of experimental and control groups was determined by using independent t test. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. There was no significant difference between heights of the experimental and control group and their body weights (p>0.05). There were no significant difference between results of peak power, mean power and fatique index of Wingate test performed by the experimental and control group (p>0.05). There was significant difference between the result of relative mean power of Wingate test performed by the experimental and control group (p≤0.05). Although there were not found between durations of 5-m sprint, 30-m sprint, asymmetric sprint for the experimental group and control group (p>0.05), there was significant difference between those of 10-m sprint durations (p≤0.05). The right and left hand grip strength of the experimental group was significantly higher than the right and left hand grip strength of the control group (p≤0.01). The skinfold of the experimental group was significantly less than skinfold of the control group (p≤0.01). The value of 20-m shuttle run of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group (p≤0.01). There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group in flexibility (p>0.05).As a result, the strength training for eight weeks improved the abilities of endurance, strength, and in some speed abilities in 12-14 year-old male tennis player, however it was observed that the strength training did not induce any changes in flexibility and anaerobic power.

Pur po se: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDCP) for treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation secondary to emulsification of silicone oil (SiO) injection. Ma te ri al and Met hod: In this retrospective case series, forty-one eyes of 41 patients who underwent TDCP for uncontrolled IOP secondary to emulsified SiO were reviewed. Main outcome measures included visual acuity (VA), IOP changes, number of antiglaucomatous medication, and postoperative complications. Re sults: Mean±SD follow-up was 30.2±10.3 months (range, 16-41 months). Mean preoperative BCVA was 20/666 and mean postoperative BCVA at final visit was 20/400 (p=0.02). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) on the preoperative and last postoperative visit was 34.1±8.3 mmHg and 15.7±4.1 mmHg, respectively (p<0.001). The mean number of glaucoma medication was reduced from 3.1±0.6 at baseline to 1.1±1.2 at postoperative last visit (p<0.001). The postoperative complications were transient pain in 9 (21.9%) eyes and transient hypotony in 1 (2.4%) eye. Dis cus si on: TDCP is an effective and safe procedure for medically uncontrolled IOP secondary to emulsification of SiO. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 178-82

The present paper describes the Turkish Plastic Arts Archive at the Bilkent Univiersity Library. Its foundation, development, nature of services and aims to be followed were explained in detail.

<p>Bu çalışma, değer eğitimi yöntemlerinden Değer Açıklama ve Değer Analizi yaklaşımlarına uygunolarak geliştirilen trafik eğitimi etkinliğinin, ilköğretim 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin trafik kurallarına yöneliktutumları üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ön-test son-test kontrol grupludeneme modeli kullanılmıştır. Deney gurubu 28, kontrol gurubu ise 26 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Çalışmadaveri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından ilköğretim 4. sınıf düzeyi için geliştirilen Trafik KurallarıTutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçek her iki gruba, deneysel çalışma sürecinin başında ve sonunda eşzamanlı olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde, İlişkisiz Örneklemler T-Testindenyararlanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi olarak .05 güven düzeyi benimsenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda deney vekontrol grubunun son test ölçüm sonuçlarına göre t değeri 12.018 [t(52)=12.018, p&lt;.05] bulunmuştur. Busonuç, deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre, değer eğitimiyaklaşımlarına uygun olarak geliştirilen etkinlik, öğrencilerin trafik kurallarına yönelik tutumları üzerindeolumlu bir etki göstermiştir.</p>

The poetic work Enîsü’l Guzzât was written by Hussein Futuhiwho is one of sixteenth century poets. The work is about Suleiman theMagnificent’s Hungarian expedition in 1526. Sixteenth century is themost brilliant period of the Ottoman Empire. As a characteristic of theperiod a lot of works had been written on conquests in this century.Enîsü’l Guzzât is one of them. The aim of this study is givinginformation about this work which is a single copy, and there is limitedinformation reached about. The work is also notable because it reflectsthe situation of Ottoman Empire in that period.Sixteenth century is a period in which Ottoman Empire reached topeak in terms of idea and art. In our study, aspects of the work that fitor incompatible with the characteristics of the period are discussed.Presentation of the work, how many copies it occurred, where it islocated, its content are described. In addition, the points allocated toparticular features of this period are stated. The work, in general linesof language features, does not bring major innovations to what we knowon Old Anatolian Turkish.The transcription text of this work written in sixteenth centurywill provide a solid material for scientists working in different fields. Thework, because of being a historical text, has a different vocabulary fromliterary texts. Revealing this vocabulary provides material to scientistsworking in the field of the Turkish language and also it will contributethe historical dictionary of Turkish and will serve a source to whomworking on sixteenth century Ottoman History. <br> Enîsü’l-Guzzât adlı manzum yazma eser, XVI. yüzyıl şairlerinden Hüseyin Fütuhì tarafından yazılmıştır. Eserde Kanunî Sultan Süleyman’ın 1526 yılında yaptığı Macaristan seferi anlatılır. XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun en parlak dönemidir. Bu yüzyılda dönemin gereği olarak birçok fetihname yazılmıştır. Bunlardan biri de Enîsü’l Guzzât’tır. Çalışmada, hakkında sınırlı bilgiye ulaşılan ve tek nüsha olan bu fetihnameye ilişkin bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Eser Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun o dönem içinde bulunduğu durumu yansıtması açısından da dikkate değerdir.XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlıların fikir ve sanat bakımından üst seviyeye çıktığı bir dönemdir. Çalışmamızda eserin dönemin özellikleriyle parelel giden ve uyuşmayan yönleri ele alınmıştır. Eserin tanıtımı, kaç nüshadan oluştuğu, nerede bulunduğu, içeriği anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca, özellikle dönemin özelliklerinden ayrılan yönler belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eserin dil özelliklerinin genel çizgileriyle Eski Anadolu Türkçesi üzerine bildiklerimize büyük yenilikler getirmediği belirtilmiştir.XVI. yüzyılda yazılmış olan bu eserin metninin çeviri yazısı, farklı alanlarda çalışan bilim adamlarına sağlam bir malzeme sunacaktır. Eser tarihe ilişkin bir metin olması dolayısıyla edebî metinlerden farklı bir söz varlığına sahiptir. Bu söz varlığının ortaya çıkarılması bir yandan Türk dili alanında çalışan bilim adamlarına malzeme sağlarken öte yandan Türkçenin tarihsel sözlüğüne katkıda bulunacak ve XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihi üzerine çalışacak olanlara kaynak işlevi görecektir.

Objective: Recurrent goiter is a common problem following subtotal thyroid gland resection for multinodular goiter disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate risk factors for recurrence, ultrastructural particularities of the thyroid and morbidity rate in relation to the side of initial and redo surgery for recurrent disease. Methods: From January 2003 to December 2010 a total of 4,395 patients underwent consecutive thyroid gland surgery for nodular goiter at Department of Endocrine Surgery USBALE “Akad. Iv. Penchev” Hospital. Five hundred fifty one (12.5%) patients underwent redo-surgery for recurrent disease after subtotal resection. All of them with complete follow-up were included in the present study. Results: Recurrent disease was found in 279 (50.7%) patients in the ipsilateral lobe and 272 (49.3%) patients in the contralateral lobe. The incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was significantly higher in patients with ipsilateral redo surgery compared to patients undergoing initial operation (3.9% vs. 1.2%; p<0.05) whereas no difference was found in patients with contralateral redo surgery compared to patients undergoing initial operation. Independent risk factors for contralateral recurrent disease were age at primary operation <30 years and familial history. Conclusion: Our study showed that reoperation on the ipsilateral lobe is associated with a significantly higher morbidity rate compared to initial surgery. Reoperation on the contralateral lobe carries no additional morbidity. Further studies are necessary in order to evaluate whether lobectomy is sufficient for patients with familial history and unilateral goiter. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 417-421

<p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, yalnızca insanlarla yüz yüze çalışan meslek dallarında değil, tüm meslek<br />dallarında çalışanların tükenmişlik düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş olan Tükenmişlik<br />Ölçeği’nin (TÖ) (Pines ve Aronson, 1988) Türkçe uyarlama çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın<br />çalışma grubu, Mersin İli Belediye sınırları içinde çeşitli meslek gruplarında çalışmakta olan 876<br />çalışandan oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda, orijinal ölçeğe<br />benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirlemek için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa iç <br />tutarlık katsayısı α=0,93 olarak bulunmuştur. Test tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı ise tekstil atölyesi<br />grubu için 0,85, öğretmen grubu için 0,83 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğini<br />incelemek amacıyla Maslach ve Jackson (1981) tarafından geliştirilen ve Ergin (1992) tarafından<br />Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Eğitimci Formu (MTE-EF) uygulanmıştır.<br />Tükenmişlik Ölçeği toplam puanları ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Eğitimci Formu (MTE-EF)<br />alt ölçek puanları arasındaki korelasyonlar sırasıyla 0,57, 0,30 ve -0,22 olarak hesaplanmıştır.<br />Bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.</p>

Objective: The effect of vitamin D on bone metabolism has been well known for a long time. Recently, various hormonal and immunity related effects has have been obtained. Additionally, the deficiency of vitamin D is thought to be related with various pain syndromes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the main musculoskeletal symptoms of patients with vitamin D deficiency admitting to physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics. Materials and Methods: The data were retrospectively investigated in patients with myalgia, arthralgia, regional pain, widespread body pain (WBP) and in whom vitamin D levels were measured. Patients over 50 years old and with known osteoporosis/osteomalacia diagnosis, endocrinological pathology, and inflammatory rheumatological disease were excluded. Results: The data of 571 patients were investigated and totally 214 of them were included in the study. There were 178 females (83.2%), 36 males (16.8%). The mean age of the patients was 39.19±9.58 years. Of the patients, 100 (46.7%) were in severe deficiency, 68 (31.8%) were in deficiency, 46 (21.5%) were in insufficient group. The symptoms were regional pain in 65 (30.3%), WBP in 63 (29.4%), arthralgia in 49 (23%), and myalgia in 37 (17.3%) patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be encountered as musculoskeletal problems. In the presence of persistent joint-muscle pain, regional pain and fibromiyalgia, vitamin D deficiency should be kept in mind.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine annual and seasonal distribution of cases and affecting factors of the distribution in Cukurova University Hospital, Forensic Toxicology Laboratory. Method: Five-year (up to 2012 from 2008) archives of cases consulted to our forensic toxicology laboratory was investigated and classified according to gender, situation of case, type of poisoning, seasonal distribution, findings were statistically evaluated by SPSS v20.0 software Results: After screening five-year archives using laboratory registration book, we determined that of 608 cases 49.5 % were from emergency medicine, 19.6 % from pediatric, 7.4 % from psychiatry, 4.4 % 4.4 from neurology, 2.3 % from other units of the hospital, 7.9 % from judicial authorities, 4.8 % from special requests and 6.1 % from circumjacent hospitals. 57.9 % of the cases are male and 42.1 % are female. 87.3 % of 608 cases were clinical cases, 7.9 % were forensic cases, 4.8 % special requests. 95.8 % of judicial cases were male and 85.4 % were drugs of abuse cases. 28.1 % of clinical cases were the carbon monoxide poisoning and 64.3 % of the carbon monoxide poisoning cases were female. Conclusion: When five-year data were evaluated, we determine that numbers of case are increasing every year. Males are more than in females. Forensic cases which were mostly drugs of abuse were most commonly have seen in male. When our data were investigated together with TUBIM&#146;s data belong to 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 (Turkey Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction), the use of drug abuse were seen most commonly in male. Also carbon monoxide poisoning in clinical cases were evaluated and we see that Carbon monoxide intoxication in winter was more than in summer due to heating. Women who exposed to carbon monoxide were more than men to be much more at home according to men. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(4.000): 675-680]

Çocukluk çağının ikinci en sık ölüm nedeni kafa travması sonrası gelişen ağır beyin hasarlarıdır. 4 yaş altı çocuklar çocukluk çağı kafa travmasında en yüksek risk grubunu oluşturur. Kafa kemiklerinin tam gelişmemiş olması delici-kesici beyin dokusu yaralanmaları için kolaylaştırıcı bir durumdur. Elinde oyuncağı olduğu halde yüksekten düşme sonrası elindeki oyuncağın sebep olduğu delici-kesici beyin dokusu yaralanması ile acile başvuran ve ameliyat edilerek sorunsuz bir şekilde taburcu edilen 18 aylık kız çocuğu olgusu sunulmuş ve literatür bilgileri ile birlikte tartışılmıştır.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ÖZET &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç:&lt;/strong&gt; Bu çalışmanın amacı obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) olan erişkin erkek hastaların kraniofasiyal morfolojik özellikleri değerlendirmektir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem&lt;/strong&gt;: Çalışmada 80 erkek hastanın (60 OUAS, 20 horlama hastası) lateral sefalogramları değerlendirildi. Bireyler Grup 1: horlama (AHİ&amp;lt;5); Grup 2: hafif OUAS (5£ AHİ&amp;lt;15); Grup 3: orta OUAS(15£ AHİ&amp;lt;30) ; Grup 4: şiddetli OUAS (AHİ&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;³30) olarak değerlendirildi. Sefalogramlar üzerinde hyoid, dil kökü ve yumuşak damak konumu, kranioservikal postür ve havayolu genişliğini belirleyen ölçümler yapıldı. Gruplar arasındaki farklar normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerde tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Duncan testiyle, normal dağılım göstermeyen değişkenlerde Kruskal Wallis testi  ve Bonferroni düzeltmesi uygulanarak Mann Whitney U testiyle yapıldı.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular:&lt;/strong&gt; Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında hyoid pozisyonu, yumuşak damak konumu, kranioservikal postür ve havayolu genişliğini gösteren ölçümlerde istatistiksel anlamlılık gösteren bir fark bulunmadı (p&amp;gt;0.05). Dil kökü konumunu gösteren PNS-V (mm) değeri şiddetli OUAS grubu ile diğer gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gösterdi (p&amp;lt;0.05). Dil kökü ile ilgili diğer ölçümlerde ise gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p&amp;gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuçlar: &lt;/strong&gt;İncelenen popülasyonda şiddetli OUAS grubunda dil kökünün daha aşağıda konumlandığı belirlenmiş, diğer kraniofasiyal değişkenlerde gruplar arasında fark görülmemiştir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar kelimeler:&lt;/strong&gt; Obstrüktif uyku apnesi sendromu, horlama, sefalometri, kraniofasiyal.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial morphology of adult male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Cephalograms of 80 male patients (60 OSAS, 20 snoring) were evaluated. Subjects were grouped as, Group 1: snoring (AHI&amp;lt;5); Group 2: mild OSA (5£ AHI&amp;lt;15);  Group 3: moderate OSA (15£ AHI&amp;lt;30) ; Group 4: severe OSA (AHI ³30). Measurements were made to evaluate hyoid bone position, tongue base and soft palate, craniocervical extension and the airway width. Statistical significance was determined with one-way ANOVA and Duncan test for variables showing normal distribution. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate the variables that were not normally distibuted.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; No significant differences were found in hyoid bone position, soft palate position, craniocervical extension and the airway width (p&amp;gt;0.05). PNS-V (mm), was significantly different between severe OSA group and the other groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). The other measurements on tongue base showed no difference between groups (p&amp;gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study population, the tongue base was more inferiorly positioned in the severe OSA group whereas the other craniofacial variables showed no difference between groups.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, snoring, cephalometry, craniofacial.

Foot and ankles are the most frequent injury region of the body, either sportmens or general population. There are many bones, joints and tendons exist in this narrow area. This situation get harder to diagnosis by using imaging methods. Because of this well anamnesis, knowledge about anatomy of this region and frequent diseases are important to correct evaluation. The approach to this frequent health problem was held on in this paper. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(3.000): 339-342]

This study was performed to compare and to research the effects of raloxifene and alendronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis women. Thirty two women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (raloxifene group:16 patients, alendronate group: 16 patients) were enrolled in this study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the proximal femur and lumbar spine by using dual-photon absorptiometry. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. BMD was measured twice as before and one year later from the treatment. Significant improvement was found at the end the treatment in groups itself by lomber spine BMD (alendronate group: p<0.001, raloxifene group: p<0.05). There was no significant difference in itself of these groups and between two groups by femur BMD (p>0.05). (Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2005; 4: 145-147)

The Nestorians’ beliefs are mainly based on the PatriarchNestorius’s doctrine of the diversity of Jesus Christ’s human identityand Divine identity. The Nestorians central area of living was thevicinity of Hakkari and on this geography, until XX. Century, they liveda semi-autonomous tribal life which was peculiar to them. Having livedtheir most brilliant era in the X. Century, the Nestorians hadencountered no serious problem with the Kurds, their neighbours, andwith the central authority until the second half of the XIX. Century. TheNestorians’ idea of having an independent state combined with thepolitical development caused by the missionary activities of the midXIX. Century and the domination struggle of states like Russia andBritain caused serious problems for Nestorians with the Kurds and theCentral Authority. The Nestorians settled in the British-controlledregion of Iraq after the military operation following the riots of 1915 and1924. The Ottoman Empire has always followed the fundamental policyof avoiding conflicts between ethnic groups as well as conflicts betweenethnic groups and itself. Because of the multiple conflicts going onbetween different ethnic groups over the empire and ongoing battles inso many different fronts, the Ottoman Empire could not achieve toimplement this policy.The studies on the Nestorians reveal that there is lack ofawareness about the current locations of the geography inhabited bythe Nestorians. It is evaluated that a such awareness is very importantto establish a historical bond between the past and the present and fora better understanding of the causes of the today’s problems from ahistorical perspective. Providing the current names of the locationsinhabited by the Nestorians, this study also presents to the reader ahistorical perspective and the opportunity to interpret the events at thebeginning of XX. Century together with the contemporary issues. <br> Nasturiler, Patrik Nastur’un İsa'nın insani kimliği ile tanrısal kimliğini birbirinden ayrı olduğu öğretisini kabul ederler. Yerleşim alanlarının merkezi bugünkü Hakkâri civarıdır ve XX. Yüzyılın başlarına değin bu coğrafyada kendilerine özgü aşiret yapısı içerisinde ve yarı otonom bir şekilde yaşamlarını sürdürdüler. En parlak çağını X. Yüzyılda yaşayan Nasturiler, XIX. Yüzyılın ortalarına kadar komşuları Kürtlerle ve merkezi otorite ile ciddi bir sorun yaşamadan hayatlarını sürdürdüler. Ancak, XIX. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren misyonerlik çalışmalarının yol açtığı politik gelişmeler, Rusya ve İngiltere gibi devletlerin nüfuz çabaları ile birleşen Nasturilerin bağımsız bir devlet kurma düşüncesi, onların hem merkezi otorite ile hem de komşuları Kürtlerle ciddi çatışmalar yaşamalarına neden oldu. Nasturiler, ilki 1915, ikincisi 1924 yılında gerçekleşen ayaklanmaların ardından düzenlenen askeri harekât sonunda İngiliz kontrolündeki Irak bölgesine yerleştiler. Temel siyaset olarak etnik gruplar arasındaki ve etnik gruplarla kendi arasındaki çatışmaları ve sorunları önlemek için çaba sarf eden Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun, farklı etnik gruplar arasında, imparatorluğun dört bir yanında devam eden çatışmaların yanı sıra çok farklı cephelerde devam eden savaşlar nedeniyle bunda başarılı olmadığı görülmektedir.Nasturiler üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda, Nasturilerin yaşadığı coğrafyanın bugünkü karşılıkları ile ilgili bir farkındalığın olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Böyle bir farkındalığın, geçmişle bugün arasında tarihsel ölçekte bağ kurulması, bugün yaşanan sorunların tarihsel perspektifle ele alınarak nedenlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması açısından oldukça önemli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Nasturilerin yaşadığı yer adlarının bugünkü karşılıkları ile beraber verildiği bu çalışmada okuyucuya tarihsel bir perspektif ile XX. Yüzyılın başında yaşanan olaylarla güncel meseleleri bir arada yorumlama imkânı da sunulmaktadır.

Dergide iki bölüm halinde yayınlanan makalede bilginin toplumdaki yeri; kayıtlı bilgiden yararlanmanın gereği olan okuryazarlık olgusunun içeriği ve türleri ve Ankara Üniversitesi DTCF Kütüphanecilik Bölümü öğrencilerinin hem okuryazarlık (işlevsel, kütüphane ve enformasyon okuryazarlığı) durumlarını ve okuryazarlığa etki eden unsurları belirlemeye hem de bilgi toplumu olma yolunda okuryazar bir toplum oluşumuna katkıda bulunma sorumluluğunu yerine getirmede, kendilerini ne oranda yeterli hissettikleri ve söz konusu sorumluluğu yerine getirme sürecinde izleyecekleri yola ilişkin düşüncelerini ortaya koymaya yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen "survey" çalışmasının verileri ele alınmıştır.

The fact that a society is in unity and collaboration and that it becomes a sovereign community is only possible through the agreement on a shared language. This “linguistic behaviour” leads to the inevitable formation of a relationship between the sovereignty of that society and its language. This relationship causes the language to be politicized. For instance, Kaşgarlı Mahmud stated that Turkish had to be learned since Turks were going to have a dominant state. Additionally, that Luther translated the Bible into German in the 16th century bears political reasons. The fact that the European intellectuals were in favour of using each nation‟s own language indicates the national sovereignty. That the Tanzimat intellectuals tended to use „pure Turkish‟ and that Turkish was the language of instruction in education in line with the General Education Regulation (1869) are the important indication of diversion towards a new national state sovereignty. That Turkish became the official language of the new state as soon as the Republic was founded can only be explained with the relationship between language and sovereignty. The main objective of the first Turkish Language Symposium, held in 1932, is to do research on the Turkish language and to unveil the fact that Turkish is as comprehensive as the other languages. In the first section of the Symposium, it was claimed in the papers that Turkish was the oldest language contrary to the arguments of Indo-European Language Family as a result of historical comparative language research. Despite some non scientific claims, the reasons put forward in these papers strengthen the sovereignty of Turkish Republic before European countries, and prove to be the existence of the link between the sovereignty and the language. <br> Toplumların kendi dışındakilere karşı birlik ve dayanışma içinde olması ve giderek kendi başına egemen bir toplum haline gelmesi, bir dilde uzlaşmayla olmaktadır. Bu “dilsel davranış”, zorunlu olarak söz konusu toplumun dili ile egemenliği arasında bir ilişki oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Dil ile egemenlik arasındaki bu ilişki, aynı zamanda dilin politikleşmesine yol açmaktadır. Örneğin, Kaşgarlı Mahmud, Türklerin gelecekte egemen bir devlet olacağını ve ve bu nedenle Türkçe öğrenmek gerektiğini söylemiştir. 16. yüzyılda Luther‟in, İncili Almancaya çevirmesi politik amaçlar taşımaktadır. 18. yüzyıldaki Avrupa aydınlanmasında aydınların anlaşılır bir dilden yana olması ve halkın diline yönelmesi ulusal egemenliklerin habercisidir.Tanzimat döneminde aydınların “safi Türkçe”ye yönelmesi, Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesiyle (1869) eğitim-öğretim dilinin Türkçe olması yeni bir ulus devlet egemenliğine yönelişin önemli göstergeleridir. Cumhuriyet‟in kuruluşuyla, Türkçenin devletin resmi dili olması ve başka dillerin egemenliğinden kurtarılması, ancak egemenlik-dil ilişkisiyle açıklanabilir. 1932‟de toplanan Birinci Türk Dili Kurultay��nın temel amacı, Türkçenin diğer diller karşısında zengin bir dil olduğunun araştırılıp ortaya çıkarılmasıdır.Birinci Türk Dili Kurultayı Programının birinci bölümünde yer alan bildirilerde, tarihsel-karşılaştırmalı dil araştırmaları sonucu ortaya çıkan Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi tezine karşı, Türkçenin en eski dil olduğu tezi savunulmaktadır. Bazı bilimsel olmayan savlara karşın, bu tezlerde ileri sürülen gerekçeler, Avrupa ülkeleri karşısında doğrudan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti egemenliğinin pekiştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Sunulan bildirilerde, doğrudan dil ile egemenlik arasındaki öneme vurgu yapılması, egemenlik egemenlik-dil ilişkisinin birer kanıtı olmaktadır.

The change in the approaches relative to reading has inevitably influenced all parts of society, including the future teacher candidates. This change of situation will not only be influential over teacher candidates teaching methodology but also in the shaping of their students way of reading. In respect to this situation, the present study was conducted in order to display the foreign language teacher candidates’ reading domains and frequencies of net reading in both the native and foreign language. The study comprised of a total of 228 teacher candidates enrolled in the fourth/final year at Uludag University, Faculty of Education, Foreign Languages Department, Language Teaching Division (English, French, and German). The data of the research belonging to the general survey model was collected through administering the third section of Shen’s (2006) Weekly Reading Habits questionnaire. This section is formed of the main question what do you usually read on the Internet? and it’s sub-items. The teacher candidates’ answers were analyzed and the findings revealed that the teacher candidates from all three divisions most frequently read on the net in their native language; online news, vocational and health issues. The candidates also preferred to most frequently read on the net; online news and vocational issues in the foreign language. The point that the native and foreign language reading areas are mostly vocational issues, and that the frequency of readings in this area are also notably high, can be associated to the candidates being at the stage of graduation and the point that they frequently use internet resources in order to enhance their professional development.

In this study, the causality relationship is tried to determine between financial development level and technology activities in the countries defined as E7 by employing panel data analysis. Domestic credit to private sector by banks to GDP and money supply (M2) to GDP are used as financial development indicators. The results of the analysis performed by using 2001-2013 period data show that both the financial variables do not have any significant effects on the number of patent applications by residents and the articles published in scientific journals, and M2 money supply does not have any significant effect on the percentage of high-technology exports to manufactured exports. Particularly, the findings reveal that financial development affects R&D expenditures positively with a strong proportion. As a result, it can be said that financial development increases R& D expenditure, number of researchers in R&D industries and high technology-based export, but it does not have effects on the outputs of these activities.

The Troad, located in the south western corner of Asia Minor, was home to several ethnic groups in antiquity. The new eastern overlords ruled not only the Greek poleis on the coast but also people living inland. The Persians introduced a new administrative system to Asia Minor, including the Troad, where it was best documented. It seems that the Troad was one of the regions where the new administrative system worked really well. In this article, we study the demography and the new system in the Persian Troad.

The "Language of Flowers" is a type of coded communication used in the Ottoman Empire. In this type of communication a number of small portable items correspond to signifieds, but the signifiers are not used in their familiar symbolic sense. In the article, some particulars of the "language of flowers" are defined, and at the same time, a comparison between the Cockney rhyming slang and the Ottoman "language of flowers" is made. At the end of the article there is a sample text thought to belong to the Istanbul zenpâres of former times.

Introduction: Air pollution, perfume, aerosol substances, odors of paint and detergent are the most important non-specific irritants stimulating the asthmatic attack. The odors of these substances exist for long time and form the serious risk for the asthmatic patients. This study was planned to determine the frequency of using perfume and substance containing perfume and the sensitivities to the substances among the asthmatic patients using inhaling steroid and b2-mimetic ant asthmatic drugs. Methods: This is a descriptive study and conducted among patients who applied to the Allergic Diseases outpatient service of Gulhane Military Medical Academia in October-December 2004. 83 asthmatic patients who accepted to participate to the study filled out a questionnaire that including patients habits relating perfume, cleaners with perfume, perfume for living room, toilets and bathrooms, and having dyspnea or not when exposed any kind of perfumes and using any b2-mimetik or not. Results: 73.5% (n=61) of participants were male, and 26.5 % (n=22) were women. Their ages were from 18 to 57 years. 79.5% (n=66) of participants expressed that they were sensitive to the odors mentioned and experienced the respiratory problems when they were at the surroundings by odour and 26.5% (n=22) of participants sometimes used the B2-mimetic antiasthmatic drugs for this reason. On the other hand; It was found that 68.7% (n=57) of participants regularly used the perfume for themselves everyday, 85.5% (n=71) of participants washed their clothings by using cleaners and/or softeners with perfume, 44.6% (n=37) of participants used the perfume for their rooms frequently, 62.7% (n=52) of participants used substance with perfume in their toilets and bathrooms. Conclusion: We conclude that the asthmatic patients have not sufficient knowledge about non-spesific irritants stimulating the asthmatic attack, and don&#8217;t behave sensitive. It&#8217;s important to plan properly the medical treatments for asthmatic patients. On the other hand, the existence of the substances with odor or perfume in their living environment continually effects to their medical treatments and their health negatively, the asthmatic patients must be informed about using this kind of substances when making a treatment plan. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(3.000): 109-119]

Globalization, with its multi-variables, has brought about new and rapidly increasing developments particularly in respect to its impact on the economy. Among the factors that have lead to the developments in question, technology stands out. The transformation of the relationship between labor force and capital, the necessity for the capital to cross national borders as a result of competitive circumstances and the increasing role of global corporations stand out as the main factors that emphasize the impact of technology on economic globalization. Within this context, the methods employed by the corporations (the main actors in economic globalization) to adapt to the market conditions and to protect their competitive powers bring about more flexible and more anomalous practices, which result in the labor market being drawn day by day into the influence of these practices. This study examines the effects of the efforts exerted by the capital (on a global scale) to overcome the crisis of accumulation and to regenerate itself on the labor force in a globalizing economy. Further, it considers how these efforts create "a new type of laborer" and how the individual qualities of that laborer are converted into a means of profit and efficiency.

n this research, it is investigated whether the gender, study room, academic achievement and the level of the class have any significant influence on independent (individual) study habits, study habits with a partner (a friend) and study habits in a group. There are various factors that affect the students’ academic achievement. Amongst these factors are some activities called study habits which the students gained, preferred and like to do for learning at and out of school. In terms of fulfilling the main assumptions of the program, it is considered important to make clear the appropriateness of the habits with the understanding of the implemented program, by determining those study habits of the students. The research was implemented on 570 primary students. In order to obtain data, “The Study Habits Scale” and “Personal Information Form” were used. While analyzing the data, frequency values, point average and standard deviance were determined. The study habits were analyzed with ANOVA and the influence of the personal variables on the study habits was analyzed with MANOVA. Tukey HSD test was used to determine the source of the significant differences; and, the significance level of .05 was deemed sufficient for the interpretation of the results. At the end of the research, among the points of the students’ independent study habits, study habits with a partner and study habits in a group, it was observed that there were significant differences in favour of the study habits with a partner; between gender and the study habits with a partner, in favour of the male students; and it was observed that there were significant differences among the study habits with partner, the study habits in a group and the level of the class of the students. However, no significant differences could be observed between the fact that whether the student has a study room or not, the students’ academic achievement variables, and the students’ study habits.

In this study, it is aimed to thematically analyse the poems of -at least a part of- valuable poets raised in Eskişehir as literary and cultural ambassadors who represent Eskişehir in the world of literature and arts both at home and abroad, and add value to the culture of the city with their literary and artistic productions and to focus on their importance in terms of our culture and literature, their connection with Eskişehir and the way that they reflect this connection in their poems. In this context, as it’s not possible to examine all of the important poets who generally have unique characteristics and raised in Eskişehir, we have limited the study area with the poems of Erol Büyükmeriç, Sennur Sezer, Enis Batur, Haydar Ergülen, Rahmi Emeç and Ekrem Budak to determine the limits of the study, and tried to examine their poems from various aspects after focusing the poets raised in Eskişehir in general terms.

In addition to epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs are used in neurologic conditions such as chronic pain and in the treatment of bipolar disorder in psychiatry. There are studies reporting its use in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The efficacy of antiepileptic drugs as carbamazepine, valproic asid, lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin in anxiety disorders has been shown in some clinical studies. The strongest evidence has been presented for pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder, pregabalin and gabapentin in social anxiety disorder and lamotrigine in posttraumatic stres disorder. While certain studies report the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of anxiety disordes, others report them as ineffective. Double blind placebo controlled drug trials are essential for clearly presenting anxiolytic activity of antiepileptic drugs which would lead the way to further wide scale use in clinical practice. This article focuses on recent literature to show the potential use of antiepileptic drugs in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stres disorder, panic disorder along with a brief review of neuroanatomic structures and neurotransmitters associated with epilepsy and anxiety disorders.

AIM: This descriptive study aimed to determine the behavior of 11th class students (n=215) was related to personal hygiene at three high schools (one private high school, one health vocational high school, one industry vocational high school) in the center of Ankara Province. METHOD: In order to analyze how changes hygiene-related behaviors of students with descriptive features, some behaviors related to hygiene, whether these points are being collected separately "total hygiene point" calculated asessment is made. RESULTS: 39.4% of students wash their hands 4-6 times 35.7% of students wash their hands 7-9 times a day. 40.5% of students wash their hands before meals, after toilet and when contamination. 40.6% of students have a bath 1-2 times 51.9% of students have a bath 3-6 times a week. 39.5% of students changes of underwear once daily or more frequent a day. 97.2% of students brushes their teeth. 59.1% of students brushes their teeth twice a day, 21.7% of students brushes their teeth three times a day or more. At the female students of private high school which providing general secondary education Mother's or father's education level is high, hygiene score is higher than the total ones (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Students, positive behavior changes related to personal hygiene, health education programs should be developed for the development of. Personal hygiene practices of families affected due to level of education clearly seen, the family also is important to be educated about personal hygiene. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(5.000): 433-440]

The aim of this study is to find out elementary 6-8 grades teachers' views on assessment and evaluation methods, frequency of use and their level of adequacy in these methods. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers in this survey study. Population of the study is composed of 1470 primary teachers teaching at grades 6 to 8 in Erzurum city center. A sample of 474 teachers selected on the basis of voluntary participation out of the population. At the stage of data analysis, the mean of views of teachers about adequacy level and frequency of the use of assessment and evaluation methods were calculated. In order to test the relationship between adequacy level and frequency of the use of assessment and evaluation methods, the Sperman's rho was used. Furthermore, in order to analyze effects of genders and branches on adequacy level and frequency of occurrence in assessment and evaluation, Mann Whitney U test, in order to analyze effects of years of teaching experience Kruskal Wallis H tests were used. Results indicate that teachers feel themselves compatible in the use traditional assessment and evaluation methods compared to alternative approaches. It is also found that there is a positive and significant relationship between frequency of use and level of adequacy related to assessment-evaluation methods. Moreover, it is also determined that frequency of use and level of adequacy related to assessment-evaluation techniques and methods changes according to year of teaching, gender and branch.

Purpose: To examine the difference in terms of prenatal and perinatal characteristics between gestational diabetic (GDM) cases diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose (IFG)and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during early postpartum period. Material and Methods: Cases who had no history of any glucose metabolism disorder and diagnosed as GDM due to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria were included. Subjects were inquired for pregestational characteristics(glucose abnormality in previous pregnancies, birth of macrosomic baby and history of diabetes in a first-degree relative), prenatal characteristics (age, body mass index BMI), features at diagnosis (BMI,weight-gain ,blood pressure and HbA1C), and perinatal characteristics (birth week and baby birth weight) were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was reperformed in the 6th postpartum week. Effects of pregestational, prenatal and perinatal features on postpartum glucose abnormalities were analysed. Results: Out of 80 cases who completed the study 58.7%(n=47) had normal glucose metabolism, 13.7%( n=11) had IFG and 27.5%(n=22) had IGT. No difference was found between pregestational, prenatal , perinatal characteristics, features at the time of diagnosis and postpartum OGTT results. Incidence of IFG in postpartum OGTT for those who had diabetes in a first degree relative was elevated when compared with other cases(p=0,042). The difference was preserved after adjustment for other characteristic features with multivariate analysis (p=0,037). Conclusion: Presence of diabetes in a first degree relative may be a risk factor for postnatal early IFG. In our study other pregestational, prenatal, perinatal factors and features at diagnosis didn&#146;t affect early postpartum glucose metabolism. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(4.000): 617-626]

Tuberculosis (Tbc) continues to threaten humanity. Amyloidosis is one of the most common complication of Tbc. Proteinuria can be observed during the clinical follow-up and it may mimic nephrotic syndrome. In this case report, a 45-year-old man who was diagnosed with cavitary Tbc detected during the search for the etiology of the proteinuria was presented. The symptoms regressed with anti-tbc therapy.

In this study, thiamine and riboflavin values of 86 wheat flour samples (30 Type 550, 30 Type 650 and 26 Type 850) from 30 different factories in 19 different city of 7 different region of Turkey were examined. Significant differences in average thiamine and riboflavin values were observed among 86 flour samples in term of flour types. Variations among flour samples from different factories in thiamine and riboflavin values were not found at significant level statistically (P &lt; 0.05). The highest thiamine and riboflavin values were found in the flour samples belong to the region of East Black Sea but not at statistically significant levels. The differences were significant for the flour type at statistically level. The vitamin contents increased together with flour extraction rate and ash content.

The aim of this study was to reveal the opinions of elementary school pre-service teachers about the usage of educational mathematics games in elementary mathematics teaching. In this study, case study that, one of qualitative research methods, was used. Data were collected by utilizing a semi-structured interview form to these elementary school pre-service teachers and analyzed using by content analysis method. A total of 10 junior pre-service teachers enrolled in undergraduate programs of elementary teaching attended to this research. In conclusion, these pre-service teachers indicated that educational computer games would provide benefits such as making students’ learning more permanent, visualizing concepts, making students love mathematics, learning by entertaining, reinforcing what has been learnt and developing thinking skills. Nevertheless, these elementary school pre-service teachers stated the limitations about educational computer games such as causing addiction and physical damages, being time-consuming, requiring special equipment and software and making class management difficult. Besides, it was revealed that the pre-service teachers demonstrated positive attitudes towards the use of games in courses while that they did not feel themselves competent in terms of application. [Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının ilköğretim matematik öğretiminde eğitsel bilgisayar oyunlarının kullanımına yönelik görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmaya üçüncü sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 10 sınıf öğretmeni adayı katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak elde edilmiş ve bu veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının eğitsel bilgisayar oyunlarının öğrencilere matematik dersini sevdirme, öğrencilerin öğrenmelerini daha kalıcı hale getirme, kavramları görselleştirme, eğlenerek öğrenme, öğrenilenleri pekiştirme, düşünme becerilerini geliştirme gibi faydalar sağlayacağını ifade ettikleri rapor edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sonuçlarda öğretmen adaylarının eğitsel bilgisayar oyunlarının bağımlılık oluşturma, fiziksel hasarlara yol açma, fazla zaman alma, özel bir donanım ve yazılım gerektirme, sınıf yönetiminin zorlaşması gibi sınırlılıklarından bahsettikleri de açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırma esnasında sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının oyunların derslerde kullanılması konusunda olumlu bir tutum sergiledikleri fakat uygulama konusunda mevcut durumda kendilerini yeterli hissetmedikleri de anlaşılmıştır.]

<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the recreational physical exercise on depression and assertiveness levels of the university students who had never participated in regular physical exercise before. There were 15 male and 15 female totally 30 students in control group and 15 male and 15 female students in exercise group of research. The students in control group carried on their usual life during the research while the students in exercise group participated in a 8 week exercise program including folk dances and step for an hour 3 times a week. The data collecting materials were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression scores, and the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAI) for the scores of assertiveness. Both Inventories were applied to the control group for 2 times as first and last measurement (at first week before exercise and last week after exercise) and to the exercise group for 3 times as first, mid and last measurement (at first week before exercise, at eighth week after exercise, and last week after exercise). Mean, frequency, percent, standart deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD Post Hoc tests scores were given in texts, figures, and tables. The results showed that participation in physical exercise in leisure affects the depression and assertiveness levels of students in both sex positively</span></span></strong>

The aim of this study is to evaluate instructional computer laboratories according to the physical ergonomic criteria. A case study design with survey methodology was employed and data were collected through observation. Three computer labs were selected from various departments at the Suleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey. The observation form, which was generated after reviewing the related literature, was used to gather data about computer labs’ physical characteristics, relative humidity and temperature levels, noise levels, desks and chairs, and technical features. The results reveals that the physical features of computer labs, monitor features, relative humidity and temperature levels are in agreement with the ergonomic criteria. However, desks and chairs, keyboard features, and noise levels fail to comply with the criteria, which can cause health problems and decrease the quality of students’ studies. Some suggestions are offered to improve computer labs’ study environments.Extended Abstract: There have been significant changes and innovations in every aspects of human lives. Education is one of the areas that may have been greatly influenced by these changes. Information and communication technologies changed the nature of teaching and learning. They facilitate active student participation, fast and durable learning, visualization, enjoyable learning, saving of time and so on. Therefore, educational institutions establish computer labs to support instructional activities. Although computers provide a number of opportunities, their uses in inappropriate and uncomfortable working conditions have recently caused some serious health problems. Common medical concerns include but not limited to eye strain, vision problems, headaches, pain in the lumbar region of the back, and strain on the ligaments in the back of the hand and wrist. Such problems have become the topic of many research studies and several ergonomic criteria have been established by educational and medical academics. Educational institutions should pay attention to these criteria while setting up computer labs so that students can efficiently benefit from computers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate instructional computer labs’ physical characteristics according to ergonomic criteria suggested in the related literature.This study was designed as a case study with survey methodology. Case studies allow researchers to deeply examine an object, subject, event and related variables by means of collecting detailed information. Three computer labs were chosen from various departments at Suleyman Demirel University in Turkey. The selection of the labs was made based on their conveniences. Data were collected through structured observation. Researchers initially surveyed the literature to find out ergonomic criteria that should be regarded in computer working environments. Next, they generated the observation form that has six dimensions: computer labs’ physical characteristics (square per student, volume per student, lighting conditions etc.), relative humidity and temperature levels, noise levels, features of desks and chairs, and technical features (keyboard and monitor). The collected data were both numeric and verbal forms. Researchers also took the digital photos of each lab for visual explanations of the study variables. The measurements of lengths were made by measuring tape. Humidity and temperature levels were measured via the testo625 hygrometer digital device. Noise levels were measured via Delta OHM-HD 9020 audiometer. To get the reliable data as much as possible, several actions were taken. First of all, measuring devices were set to continuously measure the variables in a ten-minute period and then calculate the means. Second, measurements were taken in two conditions: (1) while all devices (computers, video projectors, fluorescence etc.) in the labs were closed and (2) while all devices were working. Finally, there was nobody except for the researchers in the labs during the observations.The collected data were descriptively analyzed according to the previously constructed conceptual framework of the study. The data were summarized under the six dimensions of the observation form. The observed values for each dimension were tabulated and compared with the suggested criteria and standards in the literature. The values within the acceptable ranges were considered to comply with the ergonomic standards and others without the ranges were considered as inappropriate conditions that should be improved.Regarding physical characteristics, all three labs have acceptable square and volume levels per student, lighting devices, lighting control, and have curtains to control daylight. However, all three labs do not take the advantage of natural lighting. One lab has unsafe electricity installation and two labs have reachable circuit breakers. Al three labs have ideal conditions with regards to humidity and temperature levels. As far as the noise levels are concerned, all three labs produce disturbing noise levels while all the devices are in closed conditions (the suggested level should be lower than 35 dB). On the other hand, only one lab produces disturbing noise while all the devices are in working condition (the suggested level should be no more than 50 dB). Moreover, all three labs fail to comply with the most of the ergonomic standards for desks and chairs such as inadequate width of desks and chairs, the lack of adjustment of height, armrests and backrests on the chairs, and swivel feature of chairs. Concerning technical features, all the labs have appropriate monitor and keyboard settings except for the height of keyboard location.In conclusion, the results reveals that the physical features of computer labs, monitor features, relative humidity and temperature levels are in agreement with the ergonomic criteria. However, desks and chairs, keyboard features, and noise levels fail to comply with the criteria, which can cause health problems and decrease the quality of students’ studies.

Gülsen-i Râz, Seyh Mahmud-ı Sebüsteri, Doç. Dr. Turgut Karabey, Fenomen Yayınları, Erzurum, 2007, s.312

This study examined the profitability and efficiency of small scale ginger production in selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State using data collected through personal interview schedules with structured questionnaire. Results from the study showed that majority (96.0%) of ginger farmers are male with an average age and farming experience of 42 and 27 years respectively. Majority of the respondents (82.5%) are married and possess an average farm size of 3.09hectares. The average household size is 7 and up to 46% of them acquired secondary education. The results also revealed that labor, seed, fertilizer and capital inputs were significant in explaining the output. The mean technical efficiency of 0.799 indicate that an average ginger farmer in the study area will enjoy an output increase of 18.55% if management techniques are improved and he attains the level of the most efficient ginger farmer. Among the various factors affecting inefficiency, farm size and extension contact accentuated inefficiency while access to credit suppressed inefficiency. This might be an indication that the two parameters that encouraged inefficiency were overemployed. Hence, in order to attain the production frontier of the most efficient farmer, farm size should be scaled down or additional quantity of other inputs should be employed. Price fluctuation, unavailability of farm input, poor remunerative price and poor access to credit are the major constraints faced by ginger farmers in the study area. There is need for policies aimed at encouraging extension education, commercial farming, access to credit, and transport facilities.

As known; goal programming, which is a type of multi-objective programming that its priority is satisfaction and based on optimization, allows decision maker to design an optimal system. Hence; a solution set provides simultaneous satisfactory is determined. Fuzzy goal programming model is analyzed in two different forms with respect to objective preemptive priority structure. In the first form, an importance level of preferences is specified quantitatively. In the second form, preference priority is added to model as linguistic information.In fuzzy goal programming; additive model which is adapted to mentioned two forms is developed by Tiwari, Dharmar and Rao (1987). Goal programming based on more satisfaction instead of optimization. Thus, using of fuzzy logic in this area is appealing. Goal programming approaches based on fuzzy logic is developed by the time of progress and every approach is aimed at getting better models. A model that allows preemptive priority in fuzzy goal programming in order to reach maximum membership and makes its solution to one structural problem is developed by Chen and Tsai (2001). Additive model which is proposed by Chen and Tsai allows for making desired success of level for every fuzzy goal by a decision maker. Thus, relative importance of these goals is stated clearly. In this paper, additive model used in fuzzy goal programming applied to plastic factory which is established in Izmir. The relationship between goals of production planning chief and model outputs is evaluated and presented.

Aim. Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is a soluble glycoprotein with high molecular weight. Recently, increased serum CA-125 levels were also documented in patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to show what factors influence serum levels of CA-125 among patients with chronic systolic HF. Method. Patients, who had chronic systolic HF with echocardiographically determined ejection fraction (EF) <45% were enrolled into final analysis (n=56). CA-125 levels were classified into two as those with normal (<35 U/mL) and high levels (≥35 U/mL). Results. Patients with Right ventricular (RV) dilatation had significantly higher CA-125 levels compared to those without RV dilatation. Besides, patients with RV dilatation had higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) levels compared to those without. Patients with high CA-125 levels had more frequent RV dilatation, higher pulmonary artery pressure, more severe tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid regurgitation was the only significant predictor of high CA-125 levels in patients with stable chronic systolic HF. Conclusion. It was shown in this study that tricuspid regurgitation was the only independent predictor of high CA-125 levels among patients with chronic stable systolic HF.

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual plant as one of the natural sources for noradrenaline hormone. In this research, hairy root culture of purslane was established by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. In the following, Box-Behnken model of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize B5 medium for the growth of P. oleracea L. hairy root line. According to the results, modelling and optimization conditions, including sucrose, CaCl2.H2O, H2PO4 and NO3-/NH4+ concentrations on maximum dry weight (0.155 g) and noradrenaline content (0.36 mg.g-1 DW) was predicted. These optimal conditions predicted by RSM were confirmed the enhancement of noradrenaline production as an application potential for production by hairy root cultures.

This research was done in order to determine the learning strategies which use studying lesson of teacher candidates who were Elemantary Social Studies teacher training department of Kırşehir Faculty of Education.For this purpose, the scannig model that an existing state of aims to describe a study was conducted..Population of the study consisted of the students of Ahi Evran University and 394 students,178 girls and 218 boys attending teacher candidates who were Elemantary Social Studies teacher training department ofKırşehir Faculty of Education fall semesterof the 2009-2010 academic year were the subject of study. In the study, a five likert type scale used and on the data packet with the program SPSS 15 percent, frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis was made. As a result of study, it had been found that there are some meaningful differences in learning strategies of Social Studies teacher candidates in terms of their,gender,educational status and according to grade of their study showed.

Aim: It is reported that clozapine maintenance treatment could be effective in treatment-resistant bipolar patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prescription rates of clozapine, features of patients on clozapine prophylaxis and efficacy of clozapine prophylaxis in patients with bipolar disorder. Material and Method: 280 patients with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder, type I were included in the study. The patients%u2019 medical records and life-charts were reviewed retrospectively and patients who took clozapine for maintenance treatment for at least one year were identified. Results: Twelve of 280 patients (4.8 %) took clozapine for prophylaxis for at least one period during lifetime. Among them 7 patients have only received clozapine, while 5 patients have used combination of clozapine and valproic acid. All of these twelve patients had resistance to at least two different maintenance treatments before clozapine prophylaxis. However, positive results were observed in all of the patients with clozapine prophylaxis. Discussion: These findings suggest that clozapine is regarded as an effective prophylactic choice for treatment of resistant patients with bipolar disorder. Consequently, this study demonstrates effectiveness and safety of clozapine use even in severe patients refractory to various strategies of prophylaxis. Retrospective nature of our study constitutes a limitation. However, when considering limited number of studies on this subject, it may still have a significant contribution. But more comprehensive prospective controlled studies are still needed.

In this study, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of various dried fruits were investigated. Total phenolic content of dried fruits (apple, quince, peach, orange, grapefruit, kiwi, banana, watermelon, cantaloupe, strawberries and tomatoes) were between 219-5386 mg GAE/kg in dry matter (dm). TEAC and ORAC values of the samples were between 7.01-126 µmol TE/g dm and 11.69-211 µmol TE/g dm, respectively. Dried fruits can be considered as an important source of antioxidant components in diet with the higher antioxidant properties.

Peripheral arterial disease is one of the manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. In the last decade, remarkable technological advances, especially in the stent area, have shifted revascularization strategies from traditional open surgical approaches toward less morbide percutaneous endovascular treatments. However, even with new designed nitinol bare stents, restenosis remains as the major obstacle of this procedures. More recently, drug eluting stent platforms have been used to treat atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. In this article, we reviewed new studies relevant to drug eluting stents for lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Primary cutaneous carcinosarcomas (CS) are extremely rare biphasic tumors mainly located on sun-exposed areas. Two hypotheses–multiclonal (convergence) and monoclonal (divergence)- have been suggested for the evolution of the tumor. According to multiclonal hypothesis two or more stem cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin give rise to these tumors, while a single totipotential cell differentiatiate into epithelial and mesenchymal components, either synchronously or metachronously according to monoclonal hypothesis. Cutaneous CSs are subdivided into two distinct groups as epidermal and adnexal CSs, due to their epithelial content. We present an interesting cutaneous adnexal CS, showing peripheral nerve sheath differentiation and having the spiradenocarcinoma component derived from spiradenoma. As far as we know, it is the first case of the literature with this features.

ABSTRACT Mirze Elekber Sabir is one of the realistic authors of the 20th century Azerbaijani Literature. He first wrote poems which were in line with the classical poem tradition. He used aruz prosody. Then he wrote poems around social themes. Humor stands out in the poems that he wrote in the journal “Molla Nasreddin” that was issued by Celil Memmedguluzade. He wrote under the pseudonym of “Hop hop”. These poems that he wrote with humorous style made him incredibly famous. Sabir used a lot of Persian words because it was a requirement in those periods. He used them especially in gazelles that he wrote. However, he wrote his satirical poems in colloquial language. Persian words are used less in these poems. The poet, who had a critical point of view, criticized everything that the thought that was misconducted in the society in his poems from despotism to women’s and children’s rights, from language and education to rights of workers and peasants. Sabir’s friend Abbas Sehhet compiled and collected the poems that Sabri had written in miscellaneous journals to issue the book of poems “Hophopname”. Hophopname was written in Arabic as the period required so. However; its translations are available in Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. This review focuses on the poetry book of Mirze Elekber Sabir “Hophopname” and is based on the edition that was edited by Abbas Zamanov. The poems that are cited in Hophopname preserve the language and the style that was used by the poet as it is in Azerbaijani Turkish. The information is provided about the life and literary activities of the poet. His satirical poems that he wrote around miscellaneous themes have been addressed and review in respect of their content.

Aim: Management of patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) after a thorough radiological evaluation may differ among different health centers. In this study in a set of radiologically solid SPN cases we aimed to compare the patients undergone surgical excision without histopathological evaluation with the patients undergone histopathological evaluation for decision of surgery. Material and Method: The patients diagnosed to have SPN between July 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Among 42 patients enrolled in the study, 13 (%31) undergone diagnostic and therapeutic surgery (group 1), 29 (%69) undergone additional diagnostic procedures like bronchoscopy, transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (TTFNAB), positron emission tomography (PET) or follow up computed tomography before decision of surgery. Malignant disease was detected in 29 cases (%69); 12 cases (%92) in group 1, and 17 (%58) cases in group 2 (p=0,035). In group 2, 11 patients (%37) were diagnosed or suspected to have malignant disease preoperatively and had proven malignancy by surgery. Out of 18 patients whose histopathological biopsy evaluation were nondiagnostic or benign, 6 (%33) had diagnosis of malignant disease after surgery, 11 patients (%61) were diagnosed to have benign disease by surgery of follow up, and 1 patient was lost in follow up. 33 patients (%79) undergone surgery among all SPN patients, 4 cases refused to have surgery although preoperative malignancy was detected or were inoperable due to comorbidities. 4 patients were thought to have benign disease in follow up period. All patients in both groups were hospitalized for diagnosis and treatment, except one patient in group 2. Medium hospitalization time was 11,76±4.22 days in group 1 and 17±12.21 in group 2 (p=0,09). Discussion: In patients that have radiologically solid SPN and that are thought to have malignant disease with preoperative radiological evaluation, additional diagnostic procedures and biopsies have limited diagnostic value and lengthens hospitalization times. In 1/3 of cases who undergone additional diagnostic procedures after detection of SPN, histopathological diagnosis was false negative or insufficient.

This study in evaluating arguments of how the Internet heralds the end of state sovereignty aims to consider how the Internet both nationally and internationally can at the same time have positive influences on governance. This article claims that despite the general tendency to regard the Internet as a technology that needs to be controlled, it can also be seen as a tool that strengthens national and global governance. This article firstly illustrates the conventional wisdom on how the Internet threatens state sovereignty. In doing so, it considers arguments on globalization and its effects on the state. The second half of the article focuses on how in the face of globalization forces the concept of sovereignty can be restructured, and how the state’s attitude towards information and communication technologies, particularly the Internet, can potentially strengthen state sovereignty and power structure.

Cities are suffering under the effects of unexpected population growth due to immigration to metropolitan areas. Thus, urban environments are heavily loaded so that the existing infrastructure becomes insufficient and new services are needed. Besides the technological developments and changes in the community, urban environments are affected negatively due to transporation and traffic problems. On one hand, highways built to shorten the travel period and the bypasses to speed transportation time and capacity brings comfort in service functions, on the other hand, creates numerous negative effects like functional, visual and auditory damages in urban environments. In this article, noise, sources of noise and other related terminology were identified then, negative effects of noise in urban areas and the precautions that has to be taken were determined. At the final stage, the role of plant material in reducing the effects of noise was discussed and the plantation design for an effective noise control and plant species that could be used to eleminate or reduce noise for Ankara city were proposed.

Mobile phones are a device that is more than just a phone and more than a personel digital assistant.Nowadays a phone is as a powerful handheld computer,camera,video recorder,media player,GPS receiver,MP3 player,radio and as well as a communication tool. Smartphones (mobile phones with advanced computing capability) are rapidly gaining new use with the advent of dowloadable applications known as ‘Apps’. There are a lot of medical apps avaliable.Dermatology themed smartphone apps were provided as reference materials,illustrated databases of common skin conditions for accessing online versions of popular dermatology textbook and journals;dermatology based questionnairs; including disease severity scoring calculators and /or providing automated photo analysers for skin lesions / as an electronic dermoscopy. Most of the apps applications are free of charge and can be easily dowloaded to smartphones. Furthermore the possibility to send and save both text and images by this technology seems perfectly tailored to dermatology.Recently electronic teaching and learning via smartphones are becoming very popular for medical students aswell. However there is relatively little research on medical uses and potential roles of them in dermatology.This article summarizes the curent trends in the ‘smartphone market’ and takes a glance at some dermatology apps ‘which are currently available.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of cancer with vasculitis and the frequency of cancer-related paraneoplastic syndromes and their relationship by measuring blood levels of Perinuclear type Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (p-ANCA) and Cytoplasmic type antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) in patients with lung cancer and asthma and in healthy individuals.Materials and methods: 20 patients diagnosed with asthma, 26 patients following up with a diagnosis of lung cancer and control group of 20 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. ANCA levels were measured in blood samples.Results: Borderline positive c-ANCA detected in 1 of 26 patients and 1/32 percent were positive detected in one patient. Borderline positive p-ANCA detected in 1 of 26 patients and 1/32 percent were positive detected in 1 patient. p-ANCA was positive detected in 2/20 of asthmatic patient and c-ANCA was borderline positive detected in 1/20 asthma patient. In asthma and cancer patients, physical examinations and pathological findings did not support the vasculitis. Only one subject in the control group was found to be borderline positive for c-ANCA.Conclusion: As a result, in some of the patients the positivity of ANCA was detected not related with vasculitis and paraneoplastic findings. Because of this, vasculitis should be considered in differential diagnosis of the patients whom considered as malignancy. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (4): 384-387Key words: p-ANCA, c-ANCA, paraneoplastic syndrome, lung cancer

In this study, a decision support system which helps the physician to determine the location of a polyp on the colonoscopic video images is presented. The system is composed of neural network classifier and features extracted from wavelet transform co-occurrence matrices. The proposed methodology is applied to a sequence of colonoscopic video frames which have normal and abnormal formations. The application results are evaluated with respect to the sensitivity and specificity analysis. As a result of the evaluation criterion, 90.2 % sensitivity and 88.7 % specificity values are obtained by using statistical features of the wavelet transform co occurrence matrices and neural networks.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the burnout levels of counselors according to various variables. Counseling is a profession, aims to enhance the productivity, life quality, decision making and problem solving skills of the “others” in order to cope with the difficulties and distortions in their lives. Therefore counselors may feel burnout when feeling lower self-efficiency, feeling overinvolved with clients’ problem solving processor feeling their relation with the client as if it is a test interpretation or a vocational guidance activity without humanity. Participants were 120 counselors working in Izmir. The data were gathered by Maslach Burnout Inventory and a questionnaire developed by the researcher . Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U. Results showed that age and gender of counselors had not statistically significant effect on their burnout levels. Personal perception of self efficacy, time of working, working place werefound to be effective on burnout levels of counselors.

Real life problems are generally large-scale and difficult to model. Therefore, these problems can't be mostly solved by classical optimisation methods. This paper presents a reinforcement learning algorithm using a multi-layer artificial neural network to find an approximate solution for large-scale semi Markov decision problems. Performance of the developed algorithm is measured and compared to the classical reinforcement algorithm on a small-scale numerical example. According to results of numerical examples, a number of hidden layer are the key success factors, and average cost of the solution generated by the developed algorithm is approximately equal to that generated by the classical reinforcement algorithm.

This essay tries to analyse Turkey’s position and constraints in the WTO Nonagricultural Market Access Negotiations (NAMA) especially vis-à-vis developing countries.It basically, underlines Turkey’s unique negotiating position; de jure developing, de facto an advanced economy status in the WTO Doha NAMA negotiations.At Doha Ministerial Meeting in 2001, WTO members agreed to initiate negotiations to further liberalize trade, among other areas, on non-agricultural goods. For this purpose, the Negotiating Group on Market Access (NGMA) was created at the first meeting of the Trade Negotiations Committee of the WTO, in early 2002. Turkey has been quite active since then in NAMA negotiations in calibrating its position between offensive and defensive negotiation interests although its offensive market access interests largely outweigh defensive one.Turkey has also been propagating an offensive non-linear tariff cutting Swiss Formula approach at the WTO to curb the international high tariffs, tariff peaks and escalations. Having a strong offensive market access interests, Turkey mainly aims at large developing country markets diversifying its trade portfolio away from traditional markets towards large developing economies.From the perspective of governance, Turkey has serious constraints on its trade and industry policy space stemming from the Turkey-EU Customs Union (CU). Although Turkey is a de jure developing country in the WTO and will have all legal rights and mobligations stemming from the outcome of the DOHA, in practice, Turkey will have to implement the same applied common external tariffs of the EU. Despite the constraints and dilemmas stemming from the EU-Turkey customs union, it can be strongly argued that, it is in Turkey’s industrial interests to be actively involved in the WTO to tackle the high tariffs, tariff peaks and escalations which hinders Turkey’s exports to the world markets.

The Vakf-ı Nükûd (money foundations) were established in the Ottoman Empire in the XV. century. But these foundations were legalised by Şeyhülislam Ebüssuud Efendi in the XVI. century.These foundations were founded in Cyprus in the XVIII. and XVIII. centuries but we have not seen any detailed researches about the positions of these foundations. In addition to, there are not any researches or knowledge about these foundation, in the early of XIX. century.Acccording to the records of Kadi’s Court in Nicosia, these foundations were founded in the early of XIX. century, too. These foundations were founded by one person or a group.These persons determined the conditions of working of Vaqf and they were registered in the records of Kadi’s Court, by Kadi. The aim of this study is to reveal the money foundations (vakf-ı nükûd) which founded in the earyl of XIX. century, their legal statutes’, the conditions of foundations, the goals of foundations and their methods of working. We will, also compare these foundations with the other money foundations that founded in the Ottoman Empire and avaluate our findings.We will use the records of Kadi’s Court in Nicosia, in our study.<br> <br> Osmanlı Devleti’nde XVI. yüzyılda Şeyhülislâm Ebüssuud Efendi’nin fetvalarıyla hukûki bir yapıya kavuşarak geniş bir uygulama alanı bulan para vakıflarının (vakf-ı nükûd) Kıbrıs’ta da kurulmuş olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat bu vakıflarla ilgili ayrıntılı bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. XIX. yüzyılda Kıbrıs Şer’iye Sicillerindeki kayıtlar çeşitli amaçlarla para vakıflarının (vakf-ı nükûd) kurulmaya devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Vakf-ı nükûdu kuranlar bazen bir tek kişi bazen de bir grup olmuştur. Bu kişi veya kişiler vakfın çalışma esaslarını da belirleyerek sicile kaydettirmişlerdir. Söz konusu vakıflar genel olarak “muamele-i şer‘iyye” yoluyla işletilmişlerdir. Vakfın devamı için “istirbah” usûlü uygulanacağı vakfiyeye derc ettirilmiştir. Vakfı kuranlar arasında Kıbrıs Muhassılı, Müslüman kadınlar, Kıbrıs esnafı gibi farklı sosyal statülerden kişiler vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, XIX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Kıbrıs’ta kurulmuş olan para vakıflarının hukukî statülerini, kuruluş şartlarını, vakfı kuranların sosyal statülerini, vakıfların kuruluş amaçlarını, işleyişlerini, vakfedilen paraların miktarını vb. ele alarak ortaya çıkarmak ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun diğer bölgelerinde kurulan vakıflarla Kıbrıs’takilerin benzeyen ve benzemeyen taraflarını tesbit ederek bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu çalışmada Kıbrıs Şer’iye Sicillerinde bulunan vakfiye kayıtları kullanılmıştır.

In this paper, a comprehensive thermodynamic modeling for determining the sustainability approach is given of the solar pond layers for thermal energy storage. The solar pond layers consist of three zones as an upper convective zone (UCZ), a non-convective zone (NCZ) and a lower convective zone (LCZ) or heat storage zone (HSZ). The energy, exergy, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the three layers of the solar pond are examined under the variation of the global solar radiation and ambient temperature. Also, the parametric studies show that the global solar radiation and ambient temperature significantly affect the thermodynamic parameters. The exergy results given that the LCZ has the maximum exergy of the solar pond layers, due to the heat energy store in this layer and high temperature difference between the LCZ and ambient temperature. The maximum exergy efficiency for the UCZ, NCZ and LCZ layers are obtained to be 38.1 %, 39.84 % and 40.08 %, respectively.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul dördüncü sınıf sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programında yer alan değerlerin kazanım düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılında, Çanakkale merkez ve ilçelerinden (Çan, Biga, Bayramiç ve Gelibolu) random yöntemiyle seçilmiş 3’er ilkokulun dördüncü sınıfından 536 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verileri toplamak amacıyla, öğrencilere yönelik araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “ Değerler Eğitimi Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular SPSS 18.0 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans (ANOVA) analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin; cinsiyeti, anne ve babalarının öğrenim durumu, ailelerindeki kişi sayısı ve televizyonda en çok izledikleri program türü bağımsız değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğrencilerin; ailelerindeki kişi sayısı ve televizyonda en çok izledikleri program türüne göre dördüncü sınıf sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programında yer alan değerleri kazanım düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Öğrencilerin; cinsiyetine göre kızların lehine, anne ve babalarının öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre dördüncü sınıf sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programında yer alan değerleri kazanım düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Aim of this research is establishing the students’ value getting levels primary school in 4th grade social studies curriculum. In this research a descriptive working in scanning model has been done which is a component of quantitative research methods. The sample of the research in 2012-2013 academic year with randomly selected from the district center and the Çanakkale (Çan, Biga, Bayramiç and Gelibolu) 3 form 536 students from the 4th grade of primary school. To collect data for the study, which was developed by researchers for students "Values Education Survey" was used. The findings obtained in this study were analysed with SPSS 18.0 software package. T-test and analysis of the data one way variance (ANOVA) analysis was used. According to research, the students; the number of people in the family and the most watched television programs they kind of 4th grade social studies curriculum based on the values found no significant difference between the acquisition levels. Students; gender, education level of the mother and father, according to the fourth grade social studies classes in the values of the variable gain levels were significant differences in the curriculum.

The aim of this research is to investigate the suitability of total fat content in cow milks from machine milking to Turkish and EU standards. The data was obtained from Kazova Farm. In this research, the levels of total fat in milk from machine milking were consistent with cow milk values reported by Turkish Standards for spring, autumn and winter season. The total fat levels of milk were consistent with EU standards for autumn and winter period. Further researches are needed to collect information about biochemical parameters having economic importance in milk from different regions of Turkey.

In this study we present a model through a sample implementation the intention of which is to teach Geography teachers how to develop learning materials by using the Arc GIS rather than instructing them about material development of all sorts. Within this context different phases of material development such as maps, landforms and settlements are explained step by step along with the digitizing process of screen maps. A great number of geographical materials can be enhanced by teachers of Geography if they follow the steps illustrated by the Arc GIS programme. The materials prepared by Geography teachers and three dimensional images can be enlarged or zoomed out on the screen to figure out the effect of the scale on the map. The fact that our eyesight becomes narrow and details disappeare as we gain height can be concretized through this example. Besides teachers can explain visually how physical features are shown by using contour lines. For instance, it is observed on three dimensional images that the slope increases where the contour lines become more frequent in areas like hillsides,or vice versa. The appearance of contour lines or other landforms can be highlighted by these images as well. In a class at which topics like river valleys, plains, plateaus, etc. are supposed to be explained, these can be presenented with the help of visuals. Furthermore the relation between settlements and landforms can be made clear and easy to grasp through already developed materials.Geography teachers can develop materials or process certain data with various techniques (satellite images, air photographs) as they improve their skills of using the GIS. They can even digitize the images of Google Earth, an increasingly popular internet device and turn them into an easy-to-examine datum by means of the GIS. In this manner they provide acquired information and developed materials to their students and help them use an advantegous device in the long and tiring process of education. We therefore need further research to integrate GIS practices and materials with social sciences and Geography and also to detect factors which prevent students from using the GIS actively during their education. Both descriptive and experimental researches can be directed at determining possible influences of the usage of GIS based materials in Geography and social sciences. Studies which depend on quality investigation methods will specifically prove useful alike.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined as repeated episodes of upper airway occlusion during sleep with consequent excessive daytime sleepiness. Recently, relationship has been found between cardiovascular disease and OSAS. Therefore OSAS has become more popular today. OSAS is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. A large number of studies have demonstrated that OSAS is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sleep apnea was shown to be associated with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiovascular mortality

There is an extremely close relationship between education, the power and ideology. The governments have been making use of education in order to transform the societies in accorrdance with the desired values. More importance was given to education especially with the emergence of nation-states. This importance arises from the privileged place of education in the formation of collective identity toconstruct the nation. Because with the emergence of nation-states thesocieties were faced with new definitions and values. In this context, weconfront with education as one of the means, perhaps the mostimportant one, of the construction of the nation-state. No doubt thatchild education has been one of the central issues for governments inthis context.The situation has a similiar importance for the administrators andelites of the Republic during the transition from empire to nation-state.Child education was being approached as one of the important steps inthe national education policies. Child education that would enable theconstruction of child in accordance with the republican values had acentral place in the construction of new citizen for the new state.However, the Republican administrators did not design this process asonly child education. They also design it as woman education to be agood mother in accordance with family relations. The power made useof ideology via education to construct the child who internalizes thevalues of Republic and is aware of the duties and responsibilities. Thus,the power sought to construct a new generation that would transformthe society. <br> Eğitim iktidar ve ideoloji arasında son derece yakın bir ilişki vardır. İktidarlar, toplumu arzu ettikleri değerler doğrultusunda dönüştürmek amacıyla eğitimi kullangelmektedir. Özellikle ulus devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ile eğitime daha çok önem verilmeye başlandı. Bu önem, ulusun inşasında kolektif kimlik oluşumunda eğitimin ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahip olmasından kaynaklanıyordu. Zira ulus devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ile toplumlar artık yeni tanımlamalar ve değerlerle karşı karşıya kaldı. Bu çerçevede eğitim, toplumun ulus devlet olarak inşasının vasıtalarından biri belki de en önemlisi olarak karşımıza çıkar. Hiç şüphesiz ki çocuk eğitimi, bu çerçevede iktidarlar için temel meselelerden biri olmuştur.Durum imparatorluktan ulus devlete geçişte Cumhuriyet yönetici ve elitleri için de benzer bir öneme sahipti. Çocuk eğitimi, milli eğitim politikalar içindeki önemli aşamalardan biri olarak ele alınıyordu. Yeni devlet için yeni insanın yani vatandaşın inşası bağlamında çocuğun cumhuriyet değerleri doğrultusunda inşasını sağlayacak olan çocuk eğitim, merkezi bir yere sahipti. Ancak Cumhuriyet yöneticileri bu süreci yalnız çocuğun eğitimi olarak düşünmemiş, aile ile ilgili tasarımlar başta olmak üzere, yetişkin eğitimi olduğu gibi kadının iyi bir anne olması amacıyla eğitimi de çocuk eğitiminin bir parçası olarak ele alınmıştır. Cumhuriyet değerlerini içselleştirmiş görev ve sorumluluklarının bilincinde olan iyi çocuğun inşasında iktidar, eğitim aracılığıyla ideoloji kullanmış ve toplumu dönüştürecek yeni bir nesil inşa etmeye çalışmıştır.

Notwithstanding the sun is a regulator for all that maintaining their biological lives, it is a source of energy which spreaded UV radiation that can be made a harmful effects. The Ozone layer, which is being in the stratosphere, is very important filter to keeping against the harmful effects of UV radiations. The increase of tears, which occurs in the ozone layer cause the increase of non-melanoma, skin cancer and melanoma cancer cases. The best way of protecting from the sun&#8217;s harmful effects, which particularly increase in the summer, is avoiding from it. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(2.000): 98-107]

Introduction: The etiology of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is multifactorial. The effects of genetic and hormonal factors, sleep disorders, and bladder dysfunction have been claimed. The other factors include increased urine production at night and impairment of the circadian rhythm of antidiuretic hormone. Aim: To investigate renal tubular functions in children with PNE. Methods: Forty patients with PNE were included in the study. Urine density, FENa, FEK and TRP were analyzed in daytime and nighttime urine. Results: The mean nighttime urine density was 1020.12±7.38 and the mean daytime urine density was 1013.20±7.11 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between daytime and nighttime values of FENa (0.50±0.48 vs. 0.38±0.33), FEK (2.78±1.04 vs. 2.76±1.52) and TRP (88.5±2.4 vs 86.7±2.8) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Urine density in children with PNE was lower at night. However, there was no difference in of FENa, FEK and TRP. Further studies are needed in order to investigate renal tubular functions in children with PNE (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2012; 50: 10-3)

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mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">This paper examines the influence of globalization on psychological functioning. It noted that globalization is somehow a vital step toward both a more stable world and better lives for people in it. However, human lives are increasingly being challenged and integrated into larger global networks of relationships. The forces of globalization are taxing the youth, families, and cultural systems worldwide. All social systems are contaminated by the need to borrow values, morals, skills, and competencies from the next regions or nations. The process of globalization and its attendant consequences may lead to a stripping away of culture identity. It will lead to a break down in social interaction within a local context, a vital means that used to build a great sense of cultural identity and belongingness. This is because globalization is speeding up social and cultural processes such that time and space are no longer constrain on human activities. Conditions and social interactions are now organized so as to connect presence and absent others. Then also most people in the world now develop a bicultural identity, in which part of their identity is rooted in their local culture while another part stems from an awareness of their relation to the global culture. Furthermore, there is pervasiveness of identity confusion as local cultures change in response to globalization, some young people find themselves at home in neither the local culture nor the global culture</span></p>

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This study examines prospective teachers&rsquo; levels of understanding Compton effect, and the impact of writing activities for learning purposes on the academic success of prospective teachers. These prospective teachers study in the science teaching program of the faculty of education of a state university and take the course Introduction to Modern Physics. In this study, a semi-experimental design with a 'pretest'- 'posttest' control group was used. Research data were obtained via a questionnaire comprising qualitative questions prepared by the researchers. In all the groups, the lesson was taught by utilizing the verbal-written lecture method. In addition, each student in the experimental group wrote a letter to a senior high school student to explain Compton effect in an understandable way. On the other hand, students in the control group solved the problems relating to the topic in the course book. A total of 111 third year students studying in the academic year 2007-2008 participated in the present study. 54 of these students were female and 57 of them were male. Research findings indicated that prospective teachers have low levels of understanding Compton effect, and qualitative and quantitative comparisons of posttest results of the experimental group and control group, and success percentages in the written examination were in favor of the experimental group. In addition, the opinions of students about writing activities for learning purposes were determined by means of additional questions to the posttest. 87.5% of the students mentioned that they understood Compton effect about which they wrote the letter. These students also stated that this activity helped in their learning of this topic.<br />

Aim: Nocturnal enuresis is one of the most common urinary system disorders of childhood. Urotherapy(behavioral therapy) is the primary method for treatment of nocturnal enuresis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nocturnal enuresis frequency during 3 days bladder diary for estimating the success of urotherapy. Material and Method: Patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in an age group of 5 to 18 years were prospectively included to study. They were given a 3 days bladder diary and re-evaluated 1 week later and urotherapy strategies were told to both patients and parents. They were evaluated after 3 months later and success rate of urotherapy was compared with the nocturnal enuresis frequency in 3 days bladder diary. Results: A total of 66 patients were evaluated. There were 26(39.4%) patients with nocturnal enuresis in >3 nights/week and 40(60.6%) patients with nocturnal enuresis in every night. At the end of the third month of urotherapy, 50(75.7%) patients had >%50 decrease in clinical nocturnal enuresis frequency, whereas 16(24.3%) had no clinical improvement. Among the patients who did not have enuresis during bladder diary, 21(91.3%) had improvement with urotherapy. All of the patients with 1 day nocturnal enuresis in bladder diary had improved by conservative strategies, whereas 53.3% with 2 days enuresis and 22.2% with 3 days enuresis was able to improve by urotherapy. Discussions: We observed a direct relation between nocturnal enuresis frequency in bladder diary and urotherapy success. Clinician may predict urotherapy success by an attentive bladder diary evaluation.

<p>Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de İngilizce öğreniminin yaygınlaşmasının sebeplerini<br />incelemektir. Nedenler İngilizce öğretim yöntemleri ve kullanılan ders kitapları olarak belirtilmiştir.<br />Bazı yöntemler ve ders kitapları aracılığı ile Türk insanlarına İngilizce’nin hayatın her aşamasında<br />çok önemli olduğu mesajı verilmektedir. Aslında bunun altında diğer gelişmekte olan ülkelerde<br />olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de yabancı kitapları satan iki ülkenin, İngiltere ve Amerika’nın maddi<br />çıkarları yatmaktadır. İngilizce’nin bilgiye ulaşmak ve dünyadaki diğer insanlarla iletişim kurmak için<br />hayati önem taşıdığı inkar edilemez ancak kişi İngilizce öğrenme nedenleri konusunda bilinçli<br />olmalıdır.</p>

<p>İletişim tarihine bakıldığında, insanlığın tarihi kadar eski olduğu görülmektedir. Haberleşme için kullanılan dumanlar, atlı haberciler ve birtakım yerel kabilelerde kullanılan davullarla başlayan kitle iletişimi, matbaanın icadıyla önemli bir aşama kat etmiş, bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesi ve buna bağlı olarak elektriğin iletişim alanında kullanılmasıyla ilk olarak telgrafla bir dönüm noktası yaşamıştır. Telgrafın geliştirilmesiyle iletişim araçlarının sayısı ve niteliği giderek artmış ve sonrasında da iletişim, elektrik tellerini de asarak uzaydan yapılabilen bir işlem haline gelmiştir.</p><p>Günümüz dünyasında, gelişmiş ya da gelişmekte olan tüm toplumlardaki bireyler gündelik yaşamlarında farklı amaçlarla da olsa kitle iletişim araçlarını kullanmakta, kitle iletişim araçlarının etkisine maruz kalmaktadırlar. Kitle iletişim araçlarındaki çeşitlilik teknolojinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak artmaktadır. Toplumsal yaşamda ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlara bağlı olarak gelişen teknoloji ve kitle iletişim araçlarındaki çeşitlilik, medyanın kullanım biçimini, bireysel alışkanlıkları ve bunlara bağlı pek çok şeyi değiştirmektedir.</p><p>Kitle iletişim alanında yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir çoğunluğu, etki konusu üzerine odaklanmıştır. Medya etki araştırmaları tarihsel olarak üç dönem altında incelenmekte ve ilk dönemde; kitle iletişim araçlarının güçlü etkileri, ikinci dönemde; sınırlı etkiler, üçüncü dönemde ise; tekrar güçlü etkiler üzerine yoğunlaşıldığı görülmektedir.</p>

Texts are important tools for learning. Thus, the attempt to make texts more understandable is a reflection of a purpose-function related necessity for learning from text. On the other hand, the idea of development and recovery of informative texts via corrective teaching materials is frequently explored by contemporary researchers. Thus, it is evident that more advanced proficiency is needed for the illustrated aspect of the structure of texts in the learning process and to make the efforts to prepare educational materials at more scientific ground. Therefore, in this study textual organization and a general theory of learning from texts are outlined and later language processing in working memory and related phenomena about learning from texts and individual differences including information about texts development, texts comprehension, and inferences from texts are discussed. The reason for this is the idea that working memory is responsible for not only recalling the stored information but also for storing the results of partial processes such as successive processes like language comprehension as explained in the related literature for modern memory theories. The other reason is the generalizations about the interaction between the processes of physical representation and pattern of a text manifested in accordance with these ideas. Additionally, not only the different procedures used to develop informative texts, at the same time, differences of these procedures including a learner’s view of world and process styles and measurement of text comprehension and the complex relations among them are the current and available information in the literature. As a result, due to the nature of factors, which affect a learner’s level of recalling and his understanding from text, this study aims to discuss this assumptions.

Education systems and literary structuring are the mostimportant tools used by ideological governances in order to change thegenius of the community.Education systems are the most important tools that are withinthe interference limits of the community managers by which they candirect the community as they prefer. The decision makers of thecommunity direction; fictionalize the education systems in order todetermine the genius of individuals in the community towards thedirection they previously determined. This fiction includes manyelements such as lessons to be lectured in schools, books to be used,sources to be taken advantage of.The fictionalizing of literary structuring is a more difficult andcomplex process. In order to realize this fiction; converting the genius ofcurrent men of letters to the form desired by the ideological system orgrowing a group of men of letters who already adopted this system isnecessary.In Soviet Union period, both of the above mentioned methods wereused for fictionalizing the literary structuring. While some authors andpoets were supported, the others were externalized and marginalized, oreven annihilated. Within this new established structuring, no elementsthat are out of the system or oppose the system could survive.Ideological governance that fictionalized the literary production this wayfictionalized the literature education based on this new establishedliterature in order to restart production.Our study which focuses on a tenth grade school book namedKazak Sovyet Ädebiyeti, which was read for a long time in KazakhstanSoviet Republic, from the fictional planning perspective, shows in whichextent the literature education was made ideological by Soviet Uniongovernance. <br> İdeolojik yönetimlerin toplumun düşünce yapısını istedikleri yönde değiştirmek için kullandıkları araçların başında eğitim sistemleri ve edebî yapılanmalar gelmektedir.Eğitim sistemleri toplumu yönetenlerin doğrudan müdahale alanında bulunan ve toplumu istedikleri şekilde yönlendirebilecekleri en önemli araçtır. Toplumun gideceği yöne karar verenler belirledikleri yön doğrultusunda toplumdaki bireylerin düşünce yapısını tayin etmek için eğitim sistemlerini kurgularlar. Bu kurgu okullarda okutulacak dersler, kullanılacak kitaplar, yararlanılacak kaynaklar gibi pek çok unsuru içerisinde barındırmaktadır.Edebî yapılanmaların kurgulanması ise biraz daha zor ve karmaşık bir süreci ihtiva etmektedir. Bu kurgunun hayata geçirilmesi için ya mevcut edebiyatçıların düşünce yapısının ideolojik sistemin istediği şekle dönüştürülmesi ya da bu sistemi benimseyen bir edebiyatçı grubunun teşvik edilerek yetiştirilmesi gerekmektedir.Sovyetler Birliği döneminde edebî yapılanmanın kurgulanması için bahsedilen bu yöntemlerin her ikisi de kullanılmıştır. Birtakım yazarlar ve şairler desteklenirken belli bir grup ise dışlanarak ötekileştirilmiş, hatta ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Yeni kurulan bu yapılanmanın içerisinde sistemin dışına çıkan veya sisteme muhalefet eden herhangi bir unsur varlığını devam ettirememiştir. Edebî üretimi bu şekilde kurgulayan ideolojik yönetim, yeniden üretimi sağlamak için edebiyat eğitimini de yeni kurulan bu edebiyat çerçevesinde kurgulamıştır.Kazakistan Sovyet Cumhuriyeti’nde uzunca bir süre okutulan lise 10. sınıf Kazak Sovyet Ädebiyeti ders kitabını bu kurgusal planlama perspektifinden ele alan çalışmamız, Sovyetler Birliği yönetimi tarafından edebiyat eğitiminin ne ��ekilde ideolojik bir hâle getirildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

In the present paper, to investigate the. phonon frequencies of face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) Fe-1 8%Cr-1 Oo/oMn-16%Ni andFe-18%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo a1loys it has been used an empirical many-body potential (MBP) developed by Akgün and Uğur,recently. The parametcrs defıning the MBP f.c.c. alloys m ay be computed by following a procedure deseri bed. The radial

The first literary works were being produced in Tanzimat period. In the II. Meşrutiyet period some important improvements can be observed after the written comments about the importance of children’s literature. The improvement in this period which had been begun by İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa was carried to the higher point with the contributions of so many writers. Çocuk Şiirleri (The Children’s Poems) (1911) which was written by İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa is the first book In Turkish Literature for the children. The book has a great importance because of drawing the attention to the instant relationship between the literature and education. İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa’s writings in the scope of children's literature shows the way to his followers. He produces important works on the child education and psychology. In İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa’s Çocuk Şiirleri (The Children’s Poems) (1911) consists so many articles about the attitudes of children and values which the children should have. İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa who thinks that literary works enlarge the children’s mind, complete the intellectual education, and feed dream land, reflects the national and universal values in Çocuk Şiirleri (The Children’s Poems) (1911). İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa who believes that the childhood has a great importance about the forming of child’s character tries to explain the features which the children should have to be an independent individual. İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa to reach his aim uses so many values in his poems. The values are especially love such as pity and compassion, joy of living, working and producing value, concern books and reading, cultural values, ownership consciousness, courage, sincerity and friendliness, helpfulness, kindness, integrity, honesty and sensitivity.

A 36-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of numbness in hands, double vision, and inability to close her left eye. Her physical examination revealed horizontal diplopia, underactivity of the left lateral rectus muscle, left peripheral facial paralysis, and trigeminal sensorial neuropathy. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense lesions, which were compatible with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, systemic steroid treatment (1000 mg/day intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days, 1 mg/ kg/day oral prednisolone, reduced slowly) was administered to the patient. Within five weeks, her symptoms were regressed, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 4 years. As this case proves, MS can present with cranial nerve palsies in addition to many other different neurological symptoms. Although 5th nerve palsy is the most common cranial nerve palsy detected in MS patients, 7th and 6th nerve involvement are rarely reported in the literature. MS should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve palsies especially in young patients. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 81-3)

This study explored the nature of environmental attitudes of travel agents and investigated the relationship of educational level and business experience to their views on 27 environment related issues that are connected with sustainability. Data were collected from 1620 travel agents in Turkey. It was found that considerable numbers of travel agents had environmentally friendly views in respect to the factors contributing to the environmental problems, outcomes of environmental protection activities, importance of environmental criteria and environmental sensitivity of public sector, private sector and NGOs. Chi-square analyses to test the two hypotheses did not provide support for all 27 items. However, travel agents with higher education and long business experience in tourism sector hold generally more sensitive views toward environmental issues and sustainable tourism.

Hadfield steel (X120Mn12) is widely used in the engineering applications due to its excellent wear resistance. In this study, the effects of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness were investigated in relation to the lathe process carried out on Hadfield steel. The experiments were conducted at a cutting speed of 80, 110, 140 m/min, feed rate of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mm/rev and depth of cut 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm, using coated carbide tools. Regarding the evaluation of the machinability of Hadfield steel, a model was formed utilizing the response surface method (RSM). For the determination of the effects of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness, the central composite design (CCD) and variance analysis (ANOVA) were used. By means of the model formed as a result of the experimental study, it was demonstrated that among the cutting parameters, the feed rate is the most effective parameter on the surface roughness, with a contribution ratio of 90.28%. It was determined that the surface roughness increases with increasing feed rate. With respect to the effect on the surface roughness, the feed rate was followed by the cutting speed with a contribution ratio of 3.1% and the cutting depth with a contribution ratio of 1.7%.

Mesir paste, which is a ritual of mesir paste festivity, is in the focus of the study. Although it has been alleged that mesir paste was first prepared by Merkez Efendi, it will be emphasized the first mixture had been prepared thousand years ago before Merkez Efendi, and a mesir paste mixture found in Terceme-i Akrabâdîn will be presented.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) on intraocular pressure (IOP) after uneventful phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in nonglaucomatous eyes. Material and Method: The medical records of fifty-five patients (30 male and 25 female) were reviewed retrospectively. The patients who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were divided into two groups according to the values of preoperative ACD: 30 eyes in group 1 (ACD≤3.27 mm) and 25 eyes in group 2 (ACD>3.27 mm). IOP was measured using non-contact tonometer preoperatively and postoperatively (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months). Results: Three months after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, the mean IOP decreased 23.6% in group 1 and 13.7% in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p= 0.025). Discussion: The mean IOP decreases in eyes with shallow anterior chamber more than in normal eyes after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 207-12)

The therapy of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is restricted to heparin and vitamin K antagonists. In last years, new oral anticoagulant treatments have been developed. Factor Xa inhibitors and thrombin inhibitors have been extensively used in prophylaxis of the ischemic stroke secondary to the atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as an option for anticoagulation in treatment of venous thromboembolism. In this review, the data related to the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has been revised.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine etiology and management in patients with peripheral vascular trauma. Method: From May 2010 to May 2012, 48 cases who was admitted Adana Sample Education and Research Hospital Department of cardiovascular surgery with a diagnosis peripheral artery injury have been included in this study. All files of the patients have been reviewed retrospectively. Results: Upper extremity vascular trauma have been seen in 30 patients lower extremitiy vascular trauma in 18 patients too. The causes of injuries were penetrating injuries in 26 patients , gon shot injuries in 3 patients , blunt tarauma in 1 patients. . The causes of lower extremity injuries were; penetrating injuries in 5 patients , blunt trauma in 3 patients. As a surgical procedure simple repair , end to end anastomosis , venous graft or PTFE graft interposition was performed. Conclusions: Early intervention and treatment decreased the morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral vascular injuries. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(4.000): 193-197]

Employees are more efficient and effective in a workplace which they can put forward problems and solutions and they are able to easily discuss their ideas and suggestions. In some organizations, views of employees are ignored and they are blocked to tell their ideas, and so non-participative organizational climate is created in time. In formation of the climate, it is very important which leadership styles are applied and the impact of leaders. In this context, the purpose of this research is to determine the effect of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles on organizational silence. According to results of this empirical study, it is founded that employees are not silent in transformational leadership style, but they prefer to remain silent in transactional leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style. Furthermore, theoretical implications for both employees and practitioners are discussed at the end of the study.

This research has been performed for the purpose of assessing the conformity of the applications conducted in hospitals under Ministry of Health in Turkey to accreditation standards for rights of patients and their relatives, created by JCI. The research implemented İn the patient's rights unit of hospitals under the Ministry of Health. Survey form consisted of three parts that are some socio - demographic features of patient rights unit officers, application status of JCI standards and problems that patient rights unit officers have faced, methods they found to solve those problems and their suggestions about the subject aimed at improving the quality of patient rights applications. According to the results of the study patients' rights practices in hospitals under the Ministry of Health are in conformity with JCI standards.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the individual characteristics that affect the health behaviours as well as the health promoting behaviours of the lecturers at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University considering their remarks. METHODS: The study is a descriptive one and it was conducted with 301 lecturers (%46) between 05 and 23 December 2005. Two types of form were employed in collecting the data. The first one was an individual characteristics form consisting of 16 questions. The second was a scale of health promoting life style consisting of 52 questions developed by Pender. The data were analyed with Variant analysis, t test, F test and Tukey test. RESULTS: The lecturers&#146; health behaviours regarding health promotion were found generally to be on middle level. The highest average point was self-realization. On the other hand, the lowest average point was exercise dimension. It was also found that men have a high average for exercising, but the lecturers with childen have a high average for dieting. On the other hand, the academic title is found to influence the ability to deal with the stress. CONCLUSION: As a result, the lecturers were found to have insufficient knowledge on health behaviours, so new education programs should be developed and put into practice. In addition, studies should be carried out to reveal the factors that cause stress and immediate actions should taken to reduce the stress factors to a minimum. [TAF Prev Med Bull. 2008; 7(1): 59-64]

In this research the music teachers’learning and teaching processes of their lesson plans were examined in the area ofmusical creativityfor Year 6 and outcome C1.The outcome of the lesson is written in the curriculum as; children are able to express their thoughts and feelings related with the different genres of music which they listen to. The data collection and analyzes were done qualitatively and results were presented with the support of conceptual frame. The results of 18 teachers’ plans showed that music teachers weretechnically incabable to write up efficent plans and in general the confusion was occured in the order of intoduction, development and result activities of lesson plans. Teachers couldn’t integrate drama, art and dance with music in their lesson plans furthermore, they didnt have sufficient experinces in order to plan in these areas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chronic osteomyelitis is a very rare entity among children. Also congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a very rare autosomal-recessive disease&nbsp; of the nervous system which is one of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN). Loss of pain, fever due to anhidrosis, recurrent fractures, chronic osteomyelitis, mental retardation, self mutilation, wound ulcers can be seen. We present a 10-year-old boy with loss of generalized pain sensation, chronic osteomyelitis on his right distal femur, bilateral corneal opacities, and decreased mental capacity.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate, how much the dimensions of Children Self-Concept Scale, “Behavior”, “Intellectual and school status”, “Physical appearance and attributes”, “Anxiety”, “Popularity” and “Happiness” estimated the elementary school students’ perceptions about quality of life in their school’s. The participants of the study consist of 493 students (235 girls and 258 boys) who attended to 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grades from four elementary schools located in Adana central province, Turkey. Quality of School Life Scale (QSLS) and “Children Self-Concept Scale” were used as data collection tools. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to analyze the gathered data. Results show that, all dimensions of Children Self-concept Scale have significant correlations with quality of school life (p<.001). Results of hierarchic regression analysis show that, the variables of “Behavior”, “Popularity”, “Happiness”, “Intellectual and school status” and “Anxiety” estimated the elementary school students’ perceptions of quality of school life significantly; but the variable of “Physical appearance and attributes” has no significant contribution to the estimation. It was found that, the variable of “Behavior” has the highest contribution to the estimation of students’ quality of school life among these five variables which could be account for 29.2% of the total variance of elementary school students’ perceptions of quality of their school life.

Aim: The effect of brain lesion location and involved brain side in the development of shoulder subluxation (SS) and shoulder hand syndrome (SHS) is still unclear. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationships of SS and SHS with brain lesion location and stroke side. Material and Methods: The inpatient files of the hemiplegic patients, who were hospitalized for rehabilitation, were evaluated resrospectively. Brain lesion location and involved hemisphere side were&nbsp;assessed by brain CT at the insult time. Brain lesion location groups were comprised as following 4 groups which included 35 patients in each group. Group I: Small superficial infarct. This type infarcts involve small area infarct (no more than 20 mm in diameter) on a cerebral lobe, such as a small right or left frontal lobe infarct. Group II: Large superficial infarct. Infarcts more than 20 mm in diameter on a cerebral lobe or two or more lobes of one cerebral hemisphere, such as a frontoparietal infarct in the left cerebral hemisphere or frontotemporo- parietal infarct in right or left cerebral hemisphere. Group III: Deep&nbsp; nfarct. Infarcts of the internal capsule, basal ganglia or thalamus. Group IV:&nbsp; ombination of deep and large superficial infarcts (combined group II+III). Internal capsule or basal ganglia or thalamic infarct combined with fronto-temporal or fronto-parietal or emporoparieto-occipital infarct on one cerebral hemisphere. A total of 140 hemiplegic patients&nbsp;then devided into 2 groups according to the development of SS and/or SHS.Results: A significant correlation was found between brain lesion locations and SS and/or SHS development. The groups with combined deep and large superficial, and large superficial infarcts showed more frequent SS and/or SHS development. Patients with SS and/or SHS had got low stages at baseline in the upper extremity according to upper extremity Brunnstroma level, upper extremity Ashworth stage and low stages of functional independence measure (FIM) scores. There wasn&rsquo;t significant difference in shoulder problem development in terms of involved hemisphere side. Conclusions:In our study, brain lesion location especially combined deep and large superficial, and large&nbsp; superficial infarcts seem to be a predictor factor for development of SS and/or SHS. But involved hemisphere side is not a predictor factor. Prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.

Term of patients&#146; rights defines rights and responsibilities between health care organizations and patients. Health care professionals have very important responsibilities, in order to guard the rights of patients. Nurses can be seen to have more responsibility than another health care professional, because they have some kind of partnership relation with patients. This study aims to determine the knowledge level and attitudes of patient rights among the nurses of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy (GATA) Training Hospital. The study universe consisted of all the nurses at the hospital (n=603) and 120 nurses were chosen with simple random sampling for the study. In general, 41.1% of the study group didn&#146;t receive any education about patients&#146; rights, 21.7% stated that they didn&#146;t encounter any patient rights issue in their day to day practice, and 64.2% stated that they learned something about the patient rights another resource like TV or mass media. Attitudes of study group were observed changeable from 69.2% to 100% about the universal patients&#146; rights. A comprehensive effort should be sustained to make the patients rights an essential part of healthcare. Because of that, patients&#146; rights office should be established in hospitals. These offices should carry out education of healthcare staff and patients about the patient rights, solve the problems which emerged from violation of patients rights, and verify the healthcare is appropriate for patients&#146; satisfaction. [TAF Prev Med Bull. 2007; 6(4): 259-266]

<p>With the assembly of works of Canon Law,  it took center stage the difference of opinion between the teachers of Canon Law. There was an increase in works about defence of denomination or difference of opinion because of fanaticism that occured after formation of denomınation. The books which were wrote about this subject were named as  ‘ihtilâf (dispute), mesâil, mesâil al-hilâf, muftelef, tâ’lik, tâ’lika, tarîka, nuket’. Knowledge of Antonio that is about difference of opinion is the most written area in Canon Law. Some of works in this subject evaluated disputes in all areas in Canon Law and between the most of wises of Islam, some of works include limited wise of Islam and subject. Certain parts of works cite only opinions, some of them make opinions public with evidence, uphold the member of the denomination’s opinions with generality of author. There is an information about Knowledge of Antonio’s description, importance, nature, connection with similar knowledges and literature in this subject. Our aim is (generally) ingender the literature of Hanafi Works of Canon Law about which Knowledge of Antonio was written and describe the ones we reached. </p>

Fuel subsidy removal is assumed to translate to general increase in the cost of operating business such as fish marketing.The response of price of fish and corresponding demand elasticity are welfare issues worthy of investigation in Nigeria. The present study evaluates price transmission in fish marketing system by analysing the response of fish market indices to fuel subsidy reform in Nigeria. Primary data collected with structured questionnaire from purposively selected 78 frozen fish marketers, were analysed with descriptive statistics and regression model. A test of hypothesis shows a significant price transmission of about 100% (P < 0.05). Marketing cost increased by 31.8% and profitability dropped by 24.20%, confirming negative effect of new price regime. The result further revealed a 0.05% drop in quantity of frozen fish demanded by households. It was recommended that economic measures should be introduced by the government to cushion the effect of fuel policy removal.

Ömer Seyfettin who is one of the important names of Turkishstory writing doesn‟t only enable literary pleasure peculiar to its originalworld but it also acquires artistic successes educationally.The story of Ömer Seyfettin bears several features which are stillpopular in our education system. The story named „The First Murder‟not only presents fictionalized event but also forms a prominent sampleof the combination of the three components word-event-message. Theconflict between what there is supposed to be and what exists where thewords especially the colors should be emphasized makes up the mainstructure of the work. The unification of the child and the seagullenables the discussions of several results and this case is presentedwith effective artistic expressions.The purpose of this work is to determine the successfulpresentation between message and expression unlike the approach thatthe author is „He is imprecise in style‟. Moreover it has been aimed todetermine the distinctive features focusing on other components of thestory.In this respect at the introduction part, after mentioning thepsychological and educational features of the story, the emotions whichthe story aroused on the reader have been focused. Then the prominentfeatures have been emphasized under certain headlines. At theconclusion part, general assessment of the study has been made. Bythe help of the story, the language and style features have beendetermined. <br> Türk hikâyeciliğinin önemli isimlerinden biri olan Ömer Seyfettin, hikâyenin kendine has dünyası içerisinde sadece bir edebî zevk oluşturmakla kalmaz eğitsel anlamda da başarılar elde eder.Ömer Seyfettin‟in hikâyeleri eğitim sistemimizde halen güncelliğini koruyan birtakım unsurlar taşımaktadır. “İlk Cinayet” adlı hikâyesi kurgulanmış bir olay sunmakla kalmaz, özellikle yapısal anlamda kelime- olay- mesaj üçlemesinin de seçkin bir örneğini oluşturur. Kelimelerin, özellikle de renklerin ön plana çıktığı eserde olması gerekenle olan arasındaki çatışma, eserin ana yapısını oluşturur. Çocuk ve martı yavrusunun bütünleşmesi eğitsel birtakım sonuçların irdelenmesine zemin hazırlar ve bu durum etkili sanatsal anlatımlarla ortaya konur.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ömer Seyfettin için genel olarak söylenen “üslupta özensizdir” yaklaşımının aksine, yazarın mesaj ve anlatım arasındaki başarılı sunumunu tespit etmektir. Ayrıca hikâyenin diğer unsurları üzerinde durup ayırt edici özelliklerini belirlemek de amaçlanmıştır.Bu bağlamda giriş bölümünde, hikâyenin psikolojik ve eğitsel özelliklerine değinildikten sonra, bu hikâyenin okuyucuda uyandırdığı duygular üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra hikâyenin öne çıkan özelliklerine belli başlıklar altında dikkat çekilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise, çalışmanın genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Hikâyeden hareketle Ömer Seyfettin‟in dil ve üslup özellikleri tespit edilmiştir.

<p>Current study aimed to identify why AKUT Search and Rescue (SAR) Association Members participate in SAR, specify expectations and examine activities in terms of various demographics. 126 AKUT members (103 male, 23 female) participated in the study. Data with .84 reliability coefficient was collected with a survey. Data analysis included frequencies, percentage distribution, t-test and ANOVA. Level of statistical significance was .05. Although results didn’t pinpoint distinctive reasons for participating in SAR, prominent elements affecting members were identified as “Existence of trainers in immediate vicinity” (19%) and “Impact of friends/peer groups” (17.5%). Results showed that impact of family (73%) was not important but age was. It was also found that single individuals inclined towards SAR to a higher extent. Reasons for continuing activities were “Caring for SAR” (50%) and “Awareness of positive contributions” (48.4%). Contributing to financial income was found to have no relationship with SAR (90.5%). No relationship was detected between reasons participating in SAR and demographic characteristics. Expectations from SAR were mostly related to “being a trainer” (53.2%). Expectations and age were found to be related. Younger and single members had higher expectations for being trainers in future. Results showed that volunteerism had important implications in current study.</p>

<p>Özet<br />1980’li yıllardan itibaren serbestleşme ile birlikte finansal piyasalarda özellikle bankacılık sektöründe işlemlerin karmaşıklaştığı, yaşanan yoğun rekabetin de etkisiyle risk yönetimi, performans ölçümü, denetim gibi konuların daha önemli hale geldiği gözlenmektedir. Bankaların düzenli çalışmalarını teminen uzaktan gözetim ve yerinden denetimin bir aracı olarak kullanılan CAMELS dereceleme sistemi çeşitli ülkelerde yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2007-2010 döneminde Azerbaycan’da faaliyette bulunan yerli ve yabancı sermayeli bankalarda CAMELS analizinin uygulanması ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunmaktır.</p><p>Abstract<br />It’s seen that transactions have become complex in financial markets, especially in banking sector, with liberalization as from 1980s and that issues such as risk management, performance measurement, inspection have become more important with the effect of severe competition. CAMELS rating system that is a means of remote surveillance and on-site inspection in order for regular works of banks has been used in various countries for years. The aim of this study is to make CAMELS analysis in foreign and domestic banks operating in Azerbaijan in 2007-2010 periods and to make various suggestions.</p>

<span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><p>The aim of this study is to determine adequacy of new 6th Years Elementary Mathematics Curriculum which was introduced in 2006. The determination consisted of attainability of objectives with suitability of patterns to structure of mathematics in the objectives. Experimental design was used in the study. The study carried out from a total of 120 students as experiment (60) and control (60) group. Specially constructed mathematics lessons plans and the selected methods have been applied to the experiment group while the control group does their ordinary works in mathematics. As a result; students’ achievement both in mean success and achievement level in experiment group are higher than the control group. Both groups’ overall successes (0.56 and 0.36) were not satisfactory (≤0.75). Thus, it can be said that both groups were not able to attain aimed targets with unconvinced teaching and learning process.</p><p><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB">Extended Abstract</span></p><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><p>The aim of this study is to determine adequacy of new 6^th Years Elementary Mathematics Curriculum which was introduced in 2006. The determination consisted of attainability of objectives with suitability of patterns to structure of mathematics in the objectives. This research has been done with sixth year elementary students from two different schools in similar socio-economic parts of Konya in the first semester of 2006-2007 academic years. Experimental design was used in the study. The study carried out from a total of 120 students as experiment (60) and control (60) group.</p><p>The study based on the new Elementary Mathematics Curriculum (6-8 years) which is put into action by Ministry of National Education (MEB) in 2006. Specially constructed mathematics lessons plans (developed by the researcher) and the selected methods have been applied to the experiment group while the control group does their ordinary works in mathematics. Study had been continued for the first semester of 2006-2007 academic years. All courses of experiment group were executed by the researcher and courses of control group were executed by the teacher of them. Students in experiment and control groups haven't been allowed to communicate each other by the study to avoid knowledge dealing.</p><p>Data has been collected using specially developed mathematics tests at the end of the academic semester for both of the groups simultaneously. Mathematics tests have 32 multiple choice questions. Developing process of the test started with construction of suitable items. A pilot version was constructed using the most suitable 75 multiple choice questions. In this version, minimum 2 or 3 questions for each of 32 objectives (appendix 3) have been included to test the adequacy of the elementary mathematics curriculum. The pilot version has been applied to 112 6^th year students who are from another elementary school in Konya. Items that answered correctly by students were scored by 1 point, and items answered incorrectly, empty or multiple by students were scored by 0 point. Pilot data has been formed by using these points. Item analyses have been conducted on the pilot data. By the item analyses, 32 of 75 questions (one for each of objectives) were selected to use in the Mathematics test. In item selection process, discriminating powers and item difficulties were used. KR-20 reliability of test has been estimated as 0.88.</p><p>Findings were used to determine attainability of objectives and suitability of the pattern in objectives in the elementary mathematics curriculum to structure of mathematics. Findings were also used to compare the experiment and control groups' results. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage) were used to determine attainability of objectives. In addition, one-sample <em>t</em>-test and percentage of right answers were used to determine differences of percentages from acceptable level of learning; 0.75 (Bloom 1998). Independent samples <em>t</em>-test and variation coefficients were used to compare groups. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships of objectives in elementary mathematics curriculum. A new pattern in objectives which is different from the established one before the study was determined by using tetrachoric correlation coefficients.</p><p>The research has the following main results: First of all, students' achievement both in mean success and achievement level in experiment group are higher than the control group. On the other hand, both groups' overall successes (0.56 and 0.36 respectively) were not satisfactory (≤0.75). Thus, it can be said that both groups were not able to attain aimed targets with unconvinced teaching and learning process. Differences between experiment and control groups' variation coefficients are higher in favor of control group. This shows variation of control group is higher than the experiment group. Thus, instruction in experiment group students revealed more homogeneous situation. Secondly, it is also determined that only 2 of 32 objectives have been adequately acquired by 75 percent of the experiment group students. The other objectives were unachieved by the experiment group. None of objectives were achieved by the control group. Thirdly, suitability of the pattern in objectives is varied. Established pattern before the study and determined pattern after the study have been found relatively different. This difference has been found using tetrachoric correlation coefficients. In the last pattern that was set up using tetrachoric correlation coefficients revealed a new structure. This new structure mainly has the following changes. For example, some of the established relationships between objectives before the study were disappeared, and after the analyses some of new relationships have been appeared which were not established before and also order of objectives have been changed. This finding indicates that the adequacy of curriculum is mainly insufficient.</p></span></span>

<p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının fen öğretimine ilişkin öz-yeterlik<br />inançlarının cinsiyet, öğrenim türü ve üniversitelerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını incelemektir.<br />Araştırmaya Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’nden 129, Balıkesir Üniversitesi’nden 46, Cumhuriyet<br />Üniversitesi’nden 131, Mersin Üniversitesi’nden 57, Ankara Üniversitesi’nden 40 ve Van Yüzüncü<br />Yıl Üniversitesi’nden 88 sınıf öğretmenliği programı 4üncü sınıf öğrencisi olmak üzere toplam 491<br />(kız 253, erkek 258) öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının fen öğretimine<br />yönelik öz-yeterlik inançlarını ölçmek için Riggs ve Enochs tarafından (1990) geliştirilen ve Bıkmaz<br />(2002) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Fen Öğretiminde Öz-yeterlik<br />İnancı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının fen öğretimine<br />yönelik öz-yeterlik inançlarının ve sonuç beklentilerinin cinsiyetlerine göre farklılaşmadığı; öğrenim<br />türlerine göre ele alındığında ise fen öğretimine ilişkin öz-yeterlik inancının farklılaşmadığı, sonuç<br />beklentilerinin farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının fen öğretimine ilişkin<br />öz-yeterlik inançlarının ve sonuç beklentilerinin üniversitelerine göre farklılaştığı görülmüştür.</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine the explanation effect of self-compassion on emotional intelligence of teacher trainees. Participants were 347 university students who were enrolled at a mid-size state University, in Turkey. In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Scale were used. Self-compassion areas as self-kindness, awareness of common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgement, isolation, over-identification. Emotional intelligence areas are intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, general mood and general emotional intelligence. In multiple regression analysis, it was found that the subscales of self-compassion had significant effects on the subscales of emotional intelligence. The increase on self-kindness and mindfulness resulted in an increase on emotional intelligence, whereas the increase on self-judgement and over-identification leaded to a decrease in coping with stress and general emotional state. There are significant differences on emotional intelligent areas according to gender but not on self-compassion. Results indicate that self-compassion is directly effective on emotional intelligence.

Bu araştırmanın genel amacı, bilgi-belge merkezi yönetimi çalışmalarının Türkiye’dekikütüphanecilik literatürüne olan yansımalarını analiz etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda,2000-2008 yılları arasında “Türk Kütüphaneciliği” ve “Bilgi Dünyası” dergilerindeyayınlanan makaleler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel bulgusu,incelenen yıllarda bilgi belge merkezlerinin yönetim çalışmalarının arttığıdır. Bilgi-belgemerkezlerinin yönetiminde en fazla incelenen konu planlama, en az incelenen konu isedenetimdir. Gözden geçirilen makalelerin büyük bir kısmı kuramsal makaledir.The main aim of this study is to analyze reflections of the information and documentationcenter studies on the library literature in Turkey. Based on this aim, the articles which hadbeen published in “Türk Kütüphaneciliği” and “Bilgi Dünyası” journals between the years of2000-2008, was analyzed with content analysis method. The main finding of this study isthe easily observable increase of information management center studies in the analyzedyears. The most examined subject related to the information and documentation center isplanning, the least examined subject related to information and documentation center iscontrolling. The articles which were analyzed were mostly the theoretical articles.

In this study, the machining of AISI 1050 steel which is hardened up to 53 HRC is carried out with two carbide tool materials (three layer coated carbide of TP100 containing Ti (C, N)/Al2O3/TiN and (multi layer coated carbide of TP1000 containing Ti (C, N)/Al2O3/ Ti (C, N)/TiN. Cutting tests are performed with constant depth of cut and feed rate under dry cutting conditions. The flank wear is examined using an optical microscope. Tool life curves and Taylor Tool Life Equation constants (n, C) are obtained via the flank wear data at various cutting speeds. The test results show that tools' performance is adversely affected by increasing cutting speed due to increased temperatures and stress generated at the cutting edges during machining. Flank wear and chipping/fracture of the tool edges are identified the major failure modes at the cutting conditions. TP1000 multilayer coated inserts give longer tool life than those of TP100 three layer coated inserts.

This paper presents a brief study of the information from the published literature and author's works regarding rotor-bearing systems analysis with respect to optimization. The main goal of this work is to motivate and give an idea to designers who are willing to deal with optimization of rotor-bearing sytems. The results obtained and presented in this study are to provide a comparison with numerical optimum design methods such as gradientbased method, and to show the potential of genetic algorithms in optimization of rotor-bearing systems. Genetic algorithms have been used as optimization problem solving techniques. They are parameter search procedures based on the idea of natural selection and genetics. These robust methods have increasingly recognized and applied in many applications.

The purpose of this study is to find out about the attitudes and behavior of Turkish consumers related to their inspection of “food labels”, one of the important elements of food safety, and to increase awareness pertinent to the topic. Upon completion of the field survey, SPSS has been utilized in the statistical analyses of the questionnaires responded to by 500 consumers. Frequency distributions, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests have been employed for analysis of results. Among the major findings are the following: “Nutrition” information is read less frequently compared to “label” information; the “expiration date”, “production date”, “shelf life”, “name and brand of the product”, and “ingredients” are among the most frequently read label information; food labels are read more in case “the product is new on the market”, “is purchased for the first time or is purchased infrequently”; the most influential reason for non-use of labels is that there is “no need to read labels due to purchase of the same brands, all the time, based on habits and past positive experience”. Of the analyzed demographic variables, differences were encountered only in case of “age” and “education level” with respect to “frequency of label readership”. Findings are evaluated in terms of the State, related institutions, producers-retailers, consumers, and further research, in the last part of the study.

Objective: The viability assessment in hydatid cyst is important for both in vitro and in vivo studies, and also in drug experiments. Several vital and avital stains as neutral red, methylene blue, eosin, Papanicolao, Giemsa, Ziehl-Neelsen, toluidine blue and trypan blue have been used to assess viability of protoscoleces in fertile cysts. Of them, eosin is the most widely preferred stain. Various concentrations of eosin have been used in the dying procedures. In this study, it was aimed to determine the ideal concentration of eosin for assessing protoscolex fertility. Method: Protoscoleces were treated with eosin concentrations: 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %. A total of 500 protoscoleces were examined by eosin staining techniques with 0., 5., 15., 30. and 60.-minute intervals. Results: Ideal concentrations of eosin which will be used for viability test to determine the motile flame cells and contractile protoscolex were found as 0.1 % and 1 %. In viability test of protoscolex, above the 1 % concentration of eosin caused difficulty in the decision of viability because of the darker background. On the otherhand, at lower concentrations of eosin less than 0.1 %, despite no flame cells motility and protoscolex contractility, dead protoscolex would be misidentified as “ alive”. Conclusion: Eosin is a dye which is cheap, less toxic, easily prepared and available at anywhere. Because of those properties, it is prefered for the viability test of protoscolex and is recommended to use between 0.1 % and 1 % concentrations for the ideal staining to viability determination.

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between height growth (site index) of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasina (Lamb.) Holmboe) and site factors of the plantation areas in Turkey. Data were collected from 118 sample plots by taking into consideration the variations of aspect, altitude, slope position, slope degree and site class. A representative tree for the productivity and soil samples were taken at each sample plot. Some chemical and physical properties of soil samples were determined in the laboratory. The relationships between site index values of the trees and site factors including parent material, soil, climate and topography were examined by using correlation, stepwise regression and regression tree analysis. Significant linear relations were found between site index of black pine and site factors being altitude, slope degree, slope position, annual rainfall, precipitation amount in the most drought month, solum depth and bedrock including granite, mica schist and dacite. Explanation variance percentage on the site index of black pine was found 54.4% by using regression tree analysis whereas explained variance become 34.7% by stepwise regression analysis.

Bu çalışmada, TMS320C50 DSP işlemeisi kullanılarak bir sensörden aldığı bilgiyle beraber istenilen bir telefon numarasını arayan bir sistem gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu telefon numarası arama işlemi için DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) kodunun üretilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu işlem TMS320C50 DSP işlemeisi içerisinde yazılım olarak gerçekleştirilm iş olup harici bir entegre kullanılmamıştır.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane in low flow anesthesia (LFA) without nitrous oxide. Methods: A total of 40 ASA I-II patients aged between 18-70 years were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1 (LFA with nitrous oxide) was applied preoxygenation with 10 L/min 100% O2 for 2 min. After preoxygenation, 4-7 mg/kg pentothal, 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium bromide and 1 μg/kg fentanyl were applied respectively via intravenous route. Endotracheal intubation was applied 3 min later after induction. 4 L/min (50% O2-50% N2O) normal flow had been applied within the first 10 min of the operation following intubation, it was switched to 1 L/min (50% O2-50% N2O) low flow. Sevoflurane concentration was set as 0.8-1 MAK so as to keep mean blood pressure (MBP) within ± 20% limits. In Group 2 (LFA without nitrous oxide) all procedure was the same with Group I except that air was used instead of N2O. Heart rate (HR), MAP, SPO2 and ETCO2 values were recorded just after intubation and following 15, 30, 45 and 60. min and switched to 4 L/min of normal flow 15 min before termination of the operation. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups from measurement after induction to 60 min measurement in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ETCO2. Values in Group I were found greater than those in Group II at 15 min measurement in terms of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MAP and HR (p<0,05). No complications were encountered in patients. Conclusion: We concluded that preferring LFA techniques applied without N2O, with sevoflurane is beneficial if proper conditions are provided. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 12-17

Objective: Hypothyroidism, whether overt or subclinical, has multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. Neutrophil-lymphocyte (N/L) rate is closely related to cardiovascular disorders and atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to assess N/L rate and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods: The study included 36 patients with SCH and 28 patients with overt hypothyroidism (OH) as well as 30 healthy controls. CIMT, thyroid hormone levels, complete blood count and lipid parameters were measured in all subjects. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed for N/L rate. Results: Mean CIMT was 0.51 ± 0.15, 0.58 ± 0.16, 0.67 ± 0.24 mm in control, SCH, and OH groups, respectively. CIMT of OH patients was high compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). CIMT of SCH patients were not different compared with control subjects and OH patients (P > 0.05). It was no correlation that CIMT between N/L ratio (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Neutrophil-lymphocyte rate was not found to be useful indicator of early atherosclerosis in SCH and OH patients. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 463-446

BACKGROUND: This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the status of women's use of iodized salt, their knowledge about the subject, their habits and practice of using iodized salt. METHODS: The surveys were completed between March 01 and May 20, 2005. A total of 1454 women a random sample were reached for this study in the primarily slum area covered by two public health centers in Antalya. Face to face interviewing on knowledge and practices of women about iodized salt were investigated on 1454 women. Data obtained were loaded on the computer and evaluated using the SPSS program using percentage and Chi square test and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Basic descriptive analysis of the data was performed using frequency distributions. RESULTS: Knowledge and practices of women about iodized salt were investigated on 1454 women through face to face interviewing. It was determined that 18.2% of the women knew what iodine was, 23.6% stated that they knew what problems occurred with iodine deficiency, and 7.1% had been diagnosed with goiter. Less than half (48.3%) of the women made sure that the salt they bought was iodized, but 69.9 % stated that they used iodized salt in their homes. As the educational level of the women increased their knowledge about iodine, their making sure the salt they bought was iodized, use of iodized salt at home, and storing salt in a closed cupboard increased at significant levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In Antalya province municipality one in three women did not use iodized salt and the majority did not know that errors in its use decreased the effectiveness of iodine. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7(4.000): 291-296]

This concerns, “Ortakent Gravestones.”. Among the cemetery of Ortakent, The dates of the gravestones are between 18.th-20.th centuries and 20 samples of 30 are from 18.th. century, 9 are from 19.th., 1 is from 20.th. century. Gravestones were of marble. The lenghts of the stones are between 140 cm.-45 cm., their widths are between 36 cm.-14 cm., their thicknesses are between 14 cm.-3.5 cm. Most of the samples are in rectangular and shapes and some are rectangular-prizmal. 3 of them have Foot gravestones. 30 head gravestones have large wadded turban (kavuk), turban (sarık), fez (fes) and kerchief. All of the gravestones have inscriptions. 5 of them are without inscriptions. Inscriptions on 3 samples were laid diagonal, and 27 of them were laid in a linear system, 30 of head ve foot gravesones are in good condition. 3 samples are broken. 19 of 30 gravestones are men’s and 11 are of women’s. While scarping was used for making gravestones are scarping, and painting were used as the maindecoration tecnique is seen on foot stone with the painting technique,inscriptions of stones were coloured. Most of the inscriptions anddecorations are relieved. Decoration subjects seen on gravestones arephytomorphic, geometric, objective and calligraphic. <br> “Osmanlı Dönemi Başlıklı Ortakent Mezar Taşları” konulu bu incelemede Ortakent Mezarlığında bulunan 30 mezar taşı araştırılarak, çalışmamızda yer almıştır. Mezar taşlarında tarihi bilinen bütün örnekler XVII. yy. ikinci çeyreği ile XX. yy. ilk çeyreği arasındadır. 30 örnekten 20 tanesi XVIII. yy., 9 tanesi XIX. yy., 1 tanesi XX. yy.dır. Mezar taşlarının hepsi mermer malzemeden yapılmıştır. Mezar taşlarının büyükten küçüğe doğru boyları 140 cm. ile 45 cm., genişlikleri 36 cm. ile 14 cm., kalınlıkları ise 14 ile 3.5 cm. arasında değişmektedir. Ortakent’te bulunan mezar taşları şahideli tiptedir. Örneklerin çoğu dikdörtgen gövdelidir. 3 mezar taşında ayak taşı bulunmaktadır. 30 mezar taşında bir çeşidi kadın başlığı olmak üzere kavuk, sarık, fes gibi başlıklar bulunmaktadır. Genel olarak ele aldığımız bütün mezar taşları kitabelidir. 2 örneğin kitabe dizilişi diagonal, 28 tanesi de yatay şekilde verilmiştir. Baş ve ayak taşlarının 27 tanesi sağlamdır. 3 örnek ise; kırık, eksik veya aşınmış vaziyettedir. 30 mezar taşından 19 tanesi erkek mezarı, 11 tanesi kadınlara ait mezarlardır. Şahidelerin yapım ve süsleme tekniği olarak oyma ve kazıma görülmektedir. Kazıma tekniği daha çok ayak taşlarında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Süsleme konusu olarak bitkisel, nesneli, geometrik bezeme unsurları ve yazı kullanılmıştır.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass and a deterioration in bone microarchitecture which causes an enhanced fragility of the skeleton and creates a greater susceptibility to fractures. With increases in life expectancy and in the number of elderly people bone loss and fractures are becoming more common in the all over the world. The purpose of this study is to determine chracteristics and risk factors of Turkish osteoporotic women and to assess the effect of different geographic areas on risk factors. Nine hundred and five osteoporotic women who have lived 6 different geographic areas were included in this study. The study was completed in 26 different centers and its duration was 6 months. The mean age of patients were 62±9 years. Although sixty percent of those patients belived that they knew consequences of osteoporosis 35% did not know. The most known symptoms of osteoporosis were fractures (33%), kyphosis and low back pain (23%). Most of the physicians who diagnosed opteoporosis for the first time were physiatrists (86%). Being a physiatrist, we have a great deal of responsibilities in osteoporosis. Finally, we suggest that to determine the characteristics of Turkish osteoporotic women which depend on many factors such as differences of geographic factors, only will be possible by evaluation of great number of osteoporotic women.

The relations Byzantion-Hazar that started period of Caliphate Ömar vehemently attending become wars. The wars to slow down at Perid of Abbasids. İt started relation commercial and cultural in stead of strucle. Hazar-Byzantion alliance and Hazar’s state organization blocked to spread Arabians in Caucasies.

The main purpose of this study is to question the place of technology in primary schools and reveal how it must be included as a lesson or content, based on the classroom teachers’ opinions. In this study, which aims to determine the place of technology in primary schools, qualitative research model has been adopted. Participants are determined through criterion sampling which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. The population of the study includes the classroom teachers who teach the fourth grade primary school students in the city center of Giresun, in 2013-2014 spring term. The data of the study was gathered through semi-structured interview questions. Descriptive analysis was utilized in analyzing the data of the study. It was found in the study that the current technology education in primary schools is either mostly inadequate or unavailable. While some of the teachers in primary schools do not conduct technology education activities, the others provide education for such fields as benefits and harms of the Internet, keyboard usage, file creation and office programs, within classroom activities.

The basis of Multiple Intelligence Theory contains development and learning during life time. According to this theory all human have different intelligences which are verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist intelligences in varying amounts.In this study, the attitude toward Chemistry Lesson, the Multiple Intelligence Fields of the 1st class students in the program of Class Teaching and Science Teaching at Trakya University, Faculty of Education, and the relation between their attitudes, their multiple intelligence fields and their success in Chemistry and Turkish Language Lessons were investigated.In order to find out the intelligence fields of students the inventory of multiple intelligence taken from Saban (2002) was used. And the chemistry lesson attitude scale developed by Morgil etc. (2000) was utilized to establish their attitudes toward chemistry lesson.The data obtained were evaluated in SPSS 11.0 package program, and variation analysis, t-test and correlation analyses for all data were applied.As a result of research it was found that students were positive in their attitude toward chemistry lesson and their intelligence fields were expanded through developed medium-level as homogenous to all intelligence fields.The significant differences were found out between students’ intelligence fields regarding their main branches., and a relationship existed between students’ attitude toward chemistry lesson and their logical/mathematical and verbal/linguistic of intelligence fields, and between students’ success in chemistry lesson and logical/ mathematical field of intelligence.

This study deals with syntactic stylistic features of Cemil Meriç’s writings on the basis of Bu Ülke which can be considered one of the distinctive works of the author. Results obtained from the study show that Meriç used nominal, inverse, short, interrogative, and explanatory sentences as a stylistic element in Bu Ülke. Using these elements he created a metaphoric language, and in return metaphor helped to organize and integrate these elements which seemed independent at the first glance. <br> <br> Bu yazıda Cemil Meriç’in cümle üslubu üzerinde durulmaktadır. Yazarın cümle üslubunu en iyi yansıtan eserlerinden biri olması sebebiyle inceleme, Bu Ülke adlı eserden hareketle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna göre Bu Ülke’de isim cümleleri, kısa ve devrik cümleler ile soru ve açıklama cümleleri bir üslup özelliği olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmada söz konusu cümlelerin kullanım özellikleri üzerinde ayrıntılarıyla durularak Meriç’ in metaforik bir dil kullandığı, metaforun dağınık gibi görünen bu kullanımları birleştiren bir unsur olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Chromosome analysis and buccal smear were performed to two siblings refered to Genetic Laboratory of Medical Biology Department with pre-diagnosis of Ambiguos Genitalia. The patients were clinically examined in the Department of Child Surgery. For chromosome analysis, cell culture was performed. The preparates were then stained by Giemsa Technique (GTG), and 25-cells were counted for each patient. In addition, 25 metaphase chromosomes were karyotyped for each one, and 46,XY karyotype was identified. The cases were evaluated as male pseudohermaphrodism and urogenetical reconstruction was performed.

Some hormonal disturbances have been demonstrated in starvation, but in ruminants such as goats, the role of galanin in adaptation to starvation or endocrine functions is not well studied. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of long term starvation on galanin, leptin, thyroid hormones, insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, ghrelin and factors involved in energy metabolism including HDL, Cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, NEFA, TG and VLDL concentrations in adult goats. Eight non-lactating non-pregnant goats aged 4-5 years and BCS 3 were randomly divided to control and test groups. The animals were trained to eat their daily forage ration during a 10 day period. The experimental procedure was applied for 20 days, during which control group received 120% of maintenance energy, while the test group was supplied with 80% of maintenance energy for the first 10 days and with 40% of maintenance energy for another 10 days. Blood samples were collected at day 10 of training and 2, 4, 10, 12, 14 and 20 days after beginning of starvation. Blood parameters were measured according to standard procedures. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of cholesterol, fT3, T4, T3, growth hormone, NEFA, insulin and ghrelin between control and test groups (P=0.05). There was significant difference in galanin, leptin, fT4, HDL, glucose, TG, VLDL and prolactin concentrations between control and test groups (P=0.05). Control of energy balance and the role of galanin in adaptation to long starvation or endocrine functions in goat are different from other species.

An 18-year-old male patient was admitted with loss of vision in the right eye and blurred vision in the left eye. The right eye did not respond to the stimuli in the pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) test, and there was a significant delay in the p100 latency in the left eye. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a decrease in the calibration of both optical nerves, absence of septum pellucidum, and deformity in both frontal horns of the side ventricles. Despite the rare incidence of Septo-optik displazi (SOD), it should be considered in cases of unilateral or bilateral visual complaints, especially if optical nerve hypoplasia is also present. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 246-8)

Boride layer has many advantages in comparison with traditional hardening methods. The boride layer has high hardening value and keeps it's hardeness at high temperatures, and it also shows favorible properties, such as the resistance to wear, oxidation and corrosion. The process can be applied at variety of materials, for instance steel, cast iron, cast steel, nickel and cobalt alloys and cermets. In this rewiew, boronizing process properties, boride layer on steel surfaces and specifications and the factors that effect boride layer are examined

As it is well known, Fuzûlî is a poet who is aware of fineness of Turkish language. Therefore his poems are considered to be a rich source for both the Turkish literature and language. When his Diwân is observed from this prespective, one comes across so many meanings awaiting discovery. The idiom of “Başına Çizginmek” which takes place in the Diwân of Fuzûlî is one of them. This idiom bears interesting traces of the Turkish cultural history. The meaning in this idiom is the outcome of a belief which goes back to centuries ago. Although this idiom shows phonetical variations depending on the time and place, its meaning has been transferred to our present time unchanged. In this article examples are given to demonstrate that the idiom of “ başına çizginmek” is used in the sense of “kurban olmak” i.e. to sacrifice one self in Fuzûlî’s poems. Keeping this in mind, we tried to discover the traces of this meaning in Turkish culture.

Objective: Comparison of Plusoptix S08 with a standartautorefractometer (Topcon RM 8000B) in children andadults.Methods: 220 eyes of 110 children, with a mean age of8.06 ± 2.89 years old were examined to compare noncycloplegicmeasurements provided by Plusoptix S08and cycloplegic measurements provided by Topcon RM-8000B autorefractometer. In addition, 254 eyes of 127adults, with a mean age of 33.3 ± 13.36 years old wereexamined to compare non-cycloplegic refractive measurementsprovided by Plusoptix S08 and Topcon RM8000B autorefractometer. All measurements were repeatedthree times. Median sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalentand cylindrical axes as Jackson cross cylinder powermeasurements (J0 and J45) were compared statistically.Results: The median differences in spheres, cylinders,spherical equivalents, J0 and J45 powers were –0.25D (P< 0.001), –0.25 D (P< 0.001), –0.25 D (P< 0.001),–0.02 (P= 0.038), 0.00 (P= 0.395), in children, respectively.These values were 0.50 (P<0.001), 0.00 (P<0.001),0.375 (P<0.001), 0.03 (P= 0.053), 0.79 (P= 0.081), inadults, respectively.Conclusion: Plusoptix S08 has a myopic misspelled accordingto Topcon-RM8000B autorefractometer in children.However, measurements provided with PlusoptixS08 were more hyperopic than those with Topcon RM-8000B autorefractometer in adults. J Clin Exp Invest2013; 4 (1): 40-46Key words: Refractive errors, autorefraction, photorefraction,plusoptix S08

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory, rheumatic disease that mainly affects sacroiliac joints and spine. AS predominantly occurs more often in males and typically begins in the second or third decade. The mainstay of therapy in AS are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce inflammation and pain. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) did not have enough evidence to prove their effect in AS treatment. The use of DMARD may not sufficient to improve the treatment and symptoms. Currently, TNF-blockers such as, Golimumab Etanersept Adalimumab İnfliksimab have promising results in the treatment of AS. TNF-blockers improve the clinical signs and symptoms, and improve the patients’ physical function and quality of life. This manuscript is focused that Current pharmacological treatments in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

When we classify the novalism activities according to the subjects, historical novalism seems to be one of the most important novel kinds. One of the most famous figures of historcal novelism in 1960's is Ragıp ġevki YeĢim. He inclined to the historical novalism because he wanted to please this kind to the Turkish reader. Although he took pains being devoted to the historical facts in his works, he sometimes adorned this facts with his fancy world. Fluency in style and plainness in language are other important features of the author. <br> <br> Romancılık faaliyetlerini konularına göre sınıflandırdığımızda dikkati çeken en önemli roman türlerinden birisi de tarihî romancılıktır. Tarihî romancılık konusunda 1960’lı yıllarda ün kazanmış önemli şahsiyetlerden birisi de Ragıp ġevki Yeşim’dir. Tarihî romana yönelmesinin arka plânında bu türü Türk okuyucusuna sevdirme düşüncesi yatan Yeşim’in, eserlerinde, tarihî gerçeklere bağlı kalmaya özen göstermekle birlikte, bu gerçekliği zaman zaman hayal dünyasıyla da süslediği görülür. Yazarın dikkati çeken bir başka önemli yanı ise üslûbunun akıcılığı ve dilindeki sadeliktir.

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP), is a rare cutaneous rash characterized by widespread sterile non-follicular pustules. AGEP is a rare disease in childhood and it is often due to drugs. Antibiotics, sulphanamides and antipyretic-analgesics are the main reasons of this drug reaction . Cetirizine is a second generation antihistamine is often used in the treatment of angioedema, atopic dermatitis and urticaria in children. Cetirizine induced AGEP was not reported in the literature. In this case a twelve year old child was admitted with urticarial plaques located on her trunk. She developed maculopapular lesions and pustular eruption with Cetirizine (once a day) treatment. Cetirizine was stopped and the nonfollicular pustules cleared with a desquamation. The result of the oral challenge test was positive. We present this rare case to show that the antihistamines (cetirizine) may cause AGEP in childhood.

Aim: There are a lot of risk factors which effect occurence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). We aimed to research through case-control study the effect of nicotine dependence level (NDL) and educational level on the occurence of lower respiratory tract infections in raw recruits. Material and Methods: This study was performed in a military unit in the six-month period. The patients with LRTI were the case group while those who didn&rsquo;t have it were the control group. Both case group and control group were asked to complete the questionnaire which investigated their educational level and smoking status. The smoking group was additionally applied the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Results:The risk of LRTIs development was lower in primary school, high school and university group than uneducated group (OR=0.55 %95 CI 0.32-0.96, OR=0.48 %95 CI 0.29-0.78, OR=0.61 %95 CI 0.38-0.98, respectively). When LRTIs evelopment risks were compared in terms of nicotine dependence status, LRTIs development risk was significantly higher in low nicotine dependent and in high nicotine dependent smokers than the nonsmokers (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77, OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.34-2.13, respectively). Conclusions:Educational level and NDL effects occurence of LRTI. Probability of LRTI occurrence is lower in individuals with high school and university education than uneducated and primary school education. Likewise, NDL is an independent risk factor associated with smoking for LRTI. In the individuals with high NDL, the risk of LRTI increases. According to this knowledge, increasingeducational level up to high school education in addition to carrying out antismoking campaigns reduces incidence of LRTI in young individuals.

The goal of this paper is to precisely examine the relationship between the attractiveness of organizational identity and strength of identification, and how perceived trust underlines such a possible effect of identity attractiveness on organizational identification (OID). A total of 545 public and private bank employees attended the study. Participants completed measures of organizational identification, organizational trust, and attractiveness of perceived organizational identity. Structural equation modeling and LISREL8.30 (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1993) was used to assess the research model. The findings show that the relationship between attractiveness of perceived organizational identity (APOI) and identification is mediated by trust, and identity attractiveness does not directly influence the identification strength.

Male osteoporosis is encountered as an important problem in clinical medicine in the recent years. Our purpose was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) of vertebrae (L2-L4) and femur (neck and Wards) distributed according to age groups in males who applied to physical therapy and rehabilitation and osteoporosis units. Age, height, weight of the patients were measured. Patients with diseases causing secondary osteoporosis were excluded. Lomber vertebral and femoral scores of 110 patients between ages of 22-87 were measured with Lunar DPX 6956 (DEXA). They were classified as normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic based on WHO criteria. Rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the basis of lomber t scores were 55.6% and 11.1% in patients between 20-29 years, 40% and 10% in patients between 30-39 years, 18.2% and 27.3% in patients between 40-49 years, 26.3% and 36.8% in patients between 50-59 years, 40.9% and 27.3% in patients 60-69 years, 33.3% and 23.3% in patients 70-79 years, 14.3% and 14.3% in patients between 80-89 years respectively. Rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the basis of femur t scores were 11.1% and 11.1% in patients between 20-29 years, 30% and 10% in patients between 30-39 years, 36.4% and 18.2% in patients between 40-49 years, 63.2% and 15.8% in patients between 50-59 years, 54.5% and 31.8% in patients between 60-69 years, 46.9% and 25% in patients between 70-79 years, 28.6% and 28.6% in patients between 80-89 years. As a conclusion of our study we want to draw attention to age at which a decrease in the bone mineral density of male patients starts, and we suggest that neccessary precautions must be taken.

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, is a major cause of stroke. Atrial fibrillation increases morbidity and mortality. Nowadays cryoablation therapy is being performed efficiently and safely worldwide. In this paper the clinical outcomes of the patients whom were treated with cryoablation were discussed. Methods: Between June 2012 and March 2014, patients with paroxysmal AF who were treated with cryoablation were included in the study. The medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were called to receive information about the symptom recurrence. Results: Twelve patients were included in the study. Half of the patients were female. The mean age was 48 ± 15 years. Acute procedural success rate of cryoablation was 100%. In one patient transient right phrenic nerve injury occurred which was returned to normal after discontinuation of cryoablation therapy. One patient developed AF episode for 10 minutes in the 4th month of follow-up period. Conclusion: In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation cryoablation effectively decrease symptoms consistent with the literature. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (4): 599-603

Summary Silicosis which develops as a results of environmental and occupational silica inhalation is well-known. Although the disease is preventable, it continues to be a problem in our country and other developing countries. Causing silicosis, sandblasting has been a striking occupation last years. We presents two cases who develop silicosis because they worked as sandblasters. Case 1 and 2: Both cases had worked at a denim factory in Istanbul. Case one had worked for 8 months and case two had worked for 2 years and ten months. Chest X ray and thorax high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) revealed that there are bilateral reticulonodular and nodular opacities at the pulmonary paranchima. Silicosis was diagnosed by examining of open lung biopsy (case one) and transbronchial biopsy (case two). Because of changes in fashion, denim sandblasting has been occured as an occupation recently years. Workplaces sandblasting denim should be controlled. Even public should be informed of silicosis via media. Thus the disease&#146;s incidence would decrease. [TAF Prev Med Bull. 2007; 6(5): 395-399]

Background: Hypertension (HT) is the most common cause of deaths in the world. Nearly half of the people with HT are unaware of the problem. The aim of the study is to assess the hypertension prevalence, awareness and control, and affecting factors among the primary care clients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on 1094 primary care clients who are 18 years old and over in Yozgat province center, in 2010. Data was collected with a questionnaire and by measuring blood pressure (BP) with sphygmomanometer on upper arm by intern nurses. Correlation and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Hypertension prevalence and awareness were 37.6 and 60.1% respectively, among the primary care clients. As age and body mass index increases so does the HT prevalence. The HT awareness is more among women, the unemployed, the older, and those with a middle or high income household. The high BP of less than half of the people whose BP was previously found to be high (46.9%), and who were diagnosed with HT (41.7%) is under control. It becomes more difficult to bring high BP under control as people become older. Conclusion: The HT prevalence awareness and the control rates are in similar level with the general population. In order to increase the awareness and control of HT, the BP measurement of the clients should be inquired, and if necessary their BP should be measured and those with high BP should be counseled accordingly. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2013; 12(1.000): 79-86]

İnsanlık tarihi incelendiğinde üç önemli devrim karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi yerleşik hayata geçilmesiyle başlayan tarım devrimi, ikincisi buhar gücünün makinelerde kullanılmasıyla başlayan sanayi devrimi ve sonuncusu da bilgi toplumuna geçiş devrimidir. Bu devrimlerin güçlendirdiği tarım ve sanayi sektörleri arasındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık gün geçtikçe daha da artmaktadır. Teknolojinin gelişmesi tarım sektörünü, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörü ile birlikte milli gelir içerisinde önemli bir konuma getirmiştir. Çalışmada Manisa ilinin Gördes ilçesi veri alınarak, bu ilçede yetişen on iki ürünün toplam maliyet yapıları, birim fiyat satış değerleri ve karlılıkları dekar başına ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda üretim maliyetlerinin en yüksek olduğu ve de en yüksek karlılığa sahip ürünler belirlenmiştir. Human history has seen three important revolutions. The first one is the agricultural revolution which started when the human race started settled life. The second one is the industrial revolution which started with the industrial use of steam power. The interdependence of agriculture and industry sectors, which are powered by these two revolutions, increases day by day. Ever developing technology has placed agriculture in an important position in terms of national income, together with industry and service sectors. This study takes data from Gordes town of Manisa province and calculates total cost structures, unit price sale values and profitability of 12 crops separately per one thousand square meter. It uses these data to see which crop has higher production costs and which crops yield the highest profitability.

<span style="color: #515151;">Geological and geotechnical studies, decisive on land use and development plans, are the basic stage of a modern urbanization. Microzonation studies for development plans are crucial for safe environment and sustainable development. This study is focused on settlement suitability of Irgıllı (Denizli) Municipal area. The area is on an alluvium plain where is located on south of Lake Işıklı and surrounded by active fault lines. Some geotechnical tests and hydrogeological studies have been performed and the area was classified in terms of settlement characteristics. According to results of this study, it is determined that the southern part of the area is more suitable to settlement than the northern part.</span>

Aim: Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) is a good sonographic indicator of early atherosclerotic changes which reflects endothelial functions by measuring dilatation of peripheral arteries in response to physical stressors. In this study, we aimed to measure FMD on brachial artery of patients with psoriasis which reflects endothelial dysfunction and compare to that of healthy volunteers. Methods: 30 patients with psoriasis and 31 control subjects matched in terms of age, gender, and demographic characteristics were included to this observational, case-control study. FMD was measured on the nondominant arm of the subjects by using sonographic techniques. Results: The patients and controls were similar in terms of sex, gender, smoking, arterial blood pressure, and body mass index. FMD values, reflecting endothelial functions, were tended to be lower in psoriasis group than healthy controls; however this difference was not statistically significant (7.7 ± 3.1 vs. 8.6 ± 2.8, respectively; p = 0.247). Conclusion: These results support that presence of psoriasis is not a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease development. Prospective, multi-center, large scale studies including control group are needed in order to clarify this issue.

Objective: Hepatitis B is an important infectious disease,which can cause severe chronic cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma in 1-5 % of adult patients. Whereas, HepatitisD is a defective virus infection that develops in people withHBsAg (+). It has been known that Hepatitis D virus has acytopathic effect but the immune mechanisms which play arole in the development of this disease are still under investigation.Therefore, in this study it was aimed to investigatewhether lymphocytes numbers change in a variety of patientswith chronic hepatitis.Methods: In this study, 22 patients (12 females and 10males) with chronic liver diseases were examined. Thesepatients were compared to the control group which consistsof 20 healthy individuals (12 females, 8 males). A flowcytometry assay was conducted to examine T lymphocytesubgroups using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD56, CD161 andVα24 monoclonal antibodies in peripheral blood samples ofboth patient and control groups.Results: The mean age of patient group and control groupwere 45.87±11.18 and 41.45±7.23 year respectively. TheHbsAg was found to be positive in all patients with the exceptionof one patient. 15 patients also exhibited Anti DeltaAntigen positive as well as HbsAg. Six of these patientshave been diagnosed with chronic liver disease, 7 of themhave been diagnosed liver chrosis and two of them havebeen diagnosed with hepathoma. No difference was foundbetween the patients and healthy controls in terms of totalT lymphocyte, CD4+Th cells CD3+CD56+ NKT cells andVα24+CD161+ iNKT cells. However, the levels of CD8+ Tccells, CD16+56+ NK cells and CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyteswere found to be lower in patients bloods as compared tothe healthy controls.Conclusions: These results suggest that HbsAg positivitymay cause the decreases of the cells which are responsiblefor cytotoxic response. Nevertheless, further studiesare required to explain the immunological response to thechronic hepatitis.Key words: Chronic hepatitis, total T lymphocyte, CD4+ Tcell and CD3+CD56+ NKT.

Steroid induced osteoporosis is the most prevalent form of drug induced osteoporosis. The usage of steroid therapy has various side effects which are associated with organs as skin, eye and many systems such as musculoskeletal system, cantral vervous system, endocrin system, cardiovascular system, immune system and gastrointestinal system. However the most common and serious of these side effects is bone loss leading to osteoporosis. The ratio of bone loss changes according to duration and dosage of steroid use. It is known that fractures occur in %30 to %50 of patients receving long-term steroid therapy. Many people undergo steroids therapy but they are not treated for osteoporosis and fracture risk. Therefore pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment strategies of steroid induced osteoporosis presents in this review. (Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2009;15:83-8)

The Joker System began in 1965, when Augusto Boal’s Arena Theatre performed Arena Narrates Zumbí. While working on Zumbi, Boal and his group tried new non-traditional way of performing spectacles and created an approach he later called the “Joker System.” The Joker System laid the theoretical foundation for the Theatre of the Oppressed, the umbrella term Boal employed for all his subsequent theoretical developments. Even in the Forum Theatre, his most popular theatrical format, the lineaments of the Joker system are apparent. The system incorporated both dramaturgy and staging techniques, bringing together all the experiments and discoveries Boal had previously made. The word “Joker” had, in Boal’s mind, the same significance as the “Joker” playing card, a card which has more mobility than any of the other cards in the deck. Like the cards, in his tecnique, the joker plays different roles within varying contexts and combinations, including director, referee, and workshop leader. The system also facilitates the creation of a character, which can play various roles: actor, character, chorus, and protagonist, all in the same performance. This article studies the Joker System and how Boal transformed existing, traditional theatrical codes and the audience’s habitual way of viewing a play.

Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening electrolyte disorder. Elderly patients are more prone to developing hyperkalemia due to age-related decline in glomerular fi ltration rate. An 81-year-old female patient previously diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease who was on amlodipine and basal insulin therapy, was administered primidone 31.25 mg/day orally for the treatment of essential tremor. After 2 days, serum potassium increased to 7.6 mEq/L from the baseline level of 5.3. Urinary potasium level was 11.4 mEq/L, and transtubular potasium gradient (TTKG) 2.1%. Since no predisposing factor for hyperkalemia could be detected, primidone was discontinued. After 7 days, the serum potassium level returned to normal. Irregular distribution of potassium between the intracellular and extracellular space and imbalance between intake and excretion are the main factors in hyperkalemia pathogenesis. A TTKG value <5% is highly suggestive of hypoaldosteronism. The relatively low TTKG in the present case suggests a mineralocorticoid insuffi ciency probably due to primidone usage . Recently administered drugs without a known hyperkalemia-inducing effect may be an etiologic factor in hyperkalemia in elderly patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalemia due to comorbid diseases or have potassium levels within upper range of normal.

Mikroskop altında hücre sayımı, bir uzman tarafından mikroskop merceğine sürekli bakılarak veya otomatik hücre sayımı yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılabilmektedir. Sayım uzman tarafından yapıldığında oldukça yorucu, uzun süren ve düşük doğruluğa sahip bir işlem haline gelmektedir. Bunun dışında hücre sayımını zorlaştrıan ve doğruluğu düşüren başka etkenler de mevcuttur. Bu nedenle, hücre sayımının otomatik bir şekilde yapılması ve sunulan sayım yöntemlerinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, flüoresans mikroskop görüntüsünde otomatik hücre tespiti ve sayımı için bir yöntem sunulmuştur. Yöntemin tüm adımları açıklanmıştır. Sunulan yöntemin etkinliği birçok farklı durum için simülasyon programları vasıtasıyla test edilmiş, yöntemin başarıya ulaştığı ve gelecek vadeden bir çalışma olduğu gösterilmiştir.

l\'1 o bil sistenllerin tra nsınisyon u alanında, • tah ri k nıotoru ndan alınan güciin değişken siirüş şartları altındaki araca iletilmesi için düşünülmüş başhca çöziinılerden birisi de, değişken deplasmanh hi d rol ik ponıpa ve nıotorların kullanımına dayalı olan hidrostatik tah ri k ya klaşıınıdır. Bu çahşnıada, hidrostatik tahrik vüntcnıinin ternet tasarım kriterleri • i n c e 1 e n nı i� ' e 5 t. ta ş ı nı a kapa s it e 1 i b i r ç ata ll ı �·ii kle� icin in transınisyon sistenıine uygulannııştır. Bu ineelenlenin sonurunda, sadece tahrik motorunun devir sayısı ile tUrn çalışnıa alanının kontrolüne imkan \'erınesi; tahrik rnoınentini, kesintisiz ve kademesiz olarak, ihti�·aç duyulan çckiş kuvveti ve araç hızı kornbinas�·on la rı na dön iiştiirebilnıesi; kavrama., vites k u t us u ,.e d i fe ra nsiyel gibi nı eka ni k giiç a ktarma organ la n na o 1 arı i h ti� acı o rtada n ka ldı rnıası'l hidrostatik tahrik yönteıninin dikkat çekici özellikleri o la ra k değrrlcıı d i ril nı iştir.

Portraits of the Sultan were used to present with reign symbols ofOttoman Sultans in manuscripts or as unreliant works. Therefore,Sultan portraiture was one of the issues the muralist s worked mainlyin Ottoman Palace atelier. According to the extant documents andinformations, the first examples of portraiture in Ottoman miniatureart were produced at the end of 15th century. The earliest datedexamples of Ottoman Sultan portraiture were three portraits of MehmedII. These portraits are expected to be produced by Sinan Bey and hisstudent Bursalı Şiblizade Ahmet during the period of Mehmed II. Theseportraits encountered with a synthesizer style. This synthesis issupported by Western form apprehension and reflections of theminiature art of Islamic countries.Today, there is no information available about the development ofportraiture in Ottoman miniature art and examples of this, during theprocess from Mehmed II up to Kanuni Sultan Süleyman. The Sultanportraits, encountered after the era of Mehmed II, were produced byHaydar Reis, also known as muralist Nigari, in between the years of1560-1562. Muralist Nigari produced eleven portraits, in which heportrayed Ottoman Sultans, The kings of Europe and BarbarosHayrettin Paşa. Although, these works of art headed towards to thesynthesis at a certain extent, original approaches of artist takeattention.The first examples of portraiture in Ottoman miniature art can besaid to contribute at a certain extent to the formation of the tradition ofportrait at Palace atelier. But this contribution was far from being aserious directive in terms of tradition which was determined bysequences of muralist Osman, should be evaluated as reflectionsencounter in details. <br> Osmanlı minyatür sanatında padişah portreleri, elyazmalarında veya bağımsız çalışmalar olarak Osmanlı padişahlarının gerçeğe uygun olarak tasvir edilmesi ve tanıtılması amacıyla üretilmiştir. Bu nedenle, padişah portreciliği Osmanlı saray nakkaşhanesinde nakkaşların çalıştığı önemli konulardan biridir.Günümüze ulaşan belge ve bilgiler doğrultusunda, Osmanlı minyatür sanatında portreciliğin ilk örneklerinin 15. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde üretildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı padişah portreciliğinin en erken tarihli örnekleri üç adet II. Mehmed portresidir. Bu portrelerin II. Mehmed döneminde Sinan Bey ve öğrencisi Bursalı Şiblizade Ahmed tarafından üretildiği tahmin edilmektedir. Söz konusu portreler, batı resim anlayışı ve İslam ülkelerinin minyatür sanatının yansımaları ile oluşturulmuş sentez bir üslup ile karşımıza çıkarlar.Günümüzde, II. Mehmed’den Kanuni Sultan Süleyman dönemine kadar geçen süreçte, Osmanlı minyatür sanatında portreciliğin gelişimi ve buna ilişkin örnekler hakkında bilgi mevcut değildir. II. Mehmed döneminden sonra karşımıza çıkan padişah portreleri Nakkaş Nigari olarak tanınan Haydar Reis’in 1560-1562 yılları arasında ürettiği portrelerdir. Sanatçı Osmanlı padişahları, Avrupa kralları ve Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa’yı tasvir ettiği on bir portre üretmiştir. Sanatçı, eserlerinde belirli bir oranda senteze yönelse de özgün yaklaşımı ile dikkat çekmektedir.Osmanlı minyatür sanatında portreciliğin bu ilk örneklerinin saray nakkaşhanesinde padişah portreciliği geleneğinin oluşmasına belirli bir oranda katkı sağladığı söylenebilir. Bu portreler 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Nakkaş Osman tarafından üretilen portreler ile karşılaştırıldığında, söz konusu katkının Nakkaş Osman’ın eserleriyle yerleşen geleneğin yönlendiricisi durumunda olduğu görülmektedir.

The skill of and responsibility for using the mother language accurately starts in the first grade of the primary school. In this context, the textbooks of the Turkish language courses have important duties to fulfill. The texts in the coursebooks, thus, function as the means to demonstrate the students the richness, delicacy, and beauty of the mother tongue in order to provide an awareness and endearment of the language. Distinguished samples of the Turkish and world literature are operative in raising the students’ awareness of the rules of Turkish, as well as tranforming this awareness into behavior, and later into habits. As a result, it is important for the school textbooks to contain texts which are compatible with the objectives of the curriculum and which have high literary value. Are the texts which are keys for achieving the fundamental skills and program objectives stated in the curricula of the Turkish language courses in the primary schools (in grades 1-8) by the Turkish Ministry of Educationand which are mentioned in the coursebooks -distributed to the schools by the ministry- actually adequate for meeting these expectations? In order to evaluate the current situation and improve the quality of Turkish language teaching, the texts need to be analyzed, problems need to be identified and stated, and solutions need to be sought through careful examination and research.The present study reports on a descriptive analysis of the Turkish language textbooks (for grades 1-5; 6-8) distributed to the schools by the National Ministry of Education in 2007. The genre and the quality of the texts have been investigated. Data have been obtained through document analysis which is one of the qualitative research methods. A total of 237 (144+93) texts have been studied individually with respect to text type and their distribution. Findings have been reported in frequency tables in addition to samples from the texts, and a discussion of the findings have also been provided.

Acceptance level of evolutionary theory and factors predicting it were examined among Psychology majors from Doğuş University and Bahçeşehir University (N=99). About half of the students accepted evolutionary theory, which is a higher percentage than in previous reports. Positive attitudes towards science and parents’ education were positively correlated with acceptance whereas religiosity was negatively correlated. Understanding of evolutionary theory was surprisingly low. Understanding the theory and understanding the nature of science were unrelated to acceptance. Recommendations are made to improve the teaching of evolutionary theory.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Resim İş Eğitimi ABD Anasanat Atölye (Grafik) ve/veya Seçmeli Sanat Atölye (Grafik) derslerinde tipografi eğitiminin nasıl gerçekleştirildiğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Hazırlanan anket, 2007-2008 öğretim yılının bahar döneminde 24 üniversitede bu dersi veren/vermiş olan 45 öğretim elemanına uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma evreninden 7 öğretim elemanıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sanat eğitimcisi yetiştirmede tipografi eğitiminin çok önemli ve gerekli olduğu, tipografi öğretimini planlarken farklı konu ve tekniklerden yararlanılarak uygulama yapılmasına, kuramsal bilgi vermeye, proje çalışmaları yaptırmaya, örneklerle konuyu açıklamaya, çesitli öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerinden yararlanmaya, tipografi öğretimini desteklemeye yönelik çeşitli etkinlikler gerçekleştirmeye önem verildiği belirlenmiştir. Tipografi öğretiminde öğrenciden, kaynak kitap ve ders saati süresinin yetersizliğinden kaynaklanan sorunlar yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Yazı dersinin tipografi öğretimine temel oluşturacağını ifade eden öğretim elemanları, dersin içeriğinin alan uzmanları tarafından zenginleştirilmesine, ders süresinin arttırılmasına ve tipografi dersleriyle desteklenmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunmuşlardır.

The objective of this research is analyzing consumer behaviors towards to contemporary food retailers. Food retailing has been changing during recent years in Turkey. Foreign investors captivated with this market potential of food retailing. Retailer‟s format has been changed and featuring large-scale, extended product variety and full service retailers spreading rapidly through the nation-wide. Consumers‟ tend to shop their household needs from contemporary retailers due mainly to urbanism, increasing women workforce and income growth. In this research, original data collected through face-to-face interview from 385 respondents which are located in Istanbul. Different Socio-Economic Status (SES) groups‟ ratio for Istanbul was forming sampling distribution. Consumers prefer closest food retailers which are mainly purchasing food products. Consumers purchase more than their planned what their needs; especially C SES group average comes first for the spending money for unplanned shopping. Chain stores and hypermarkets are the most preferred retailers in food purchasing. Moreover, consumer responses to judgments related to retailing are being investigating with factor analysis.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Mobbing is an important variable which has impact on the numerous psychological variables. As a concept Mobbing is defined as emotional assaults subjected to an employee working in an organization, and implemented for different reasons, by the superior(s)/colleague(s) or subordinate(s). After all, in the studies of mobbing, it is seen that although the contents are the same, different concepts are used as interchangeable. For </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">example the terms &lsquo;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">bullying/victimization, emotional abuse, maltreatment/mistreatment, harassment and abuse&rsquo; are some of the concepts often used to define mobbing.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> This study was conducted with </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">fourteen</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> teachers studying in the province of Sakarya in Turkey. The research is formed in qualitative patterns. While writing the recorded data descriptive record system is based. Content analysis approach is frequently used in the analyze of qualitative analysis of interview data and open-ended questions. In our research categorical analyze of the content analyze types is used. First, the message is divided into units and then these units make a group which is previously identified. In that case, codes takes function as creating a full and meaningful group of independent parts. Creating categories and their subcategories allows researcher to re-examine the data. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></p>

Aim: This study was planned in order to determine midwifery and nursing students’ overall knowledge about the European Union, their perspective about Turkey’s EU membership and their professional expectations. Methods: The study was planned as descriptive type. The data of the study were collected from 765 (81%) students studying at Ege University in the departments of midwifery and nursing between the years of 2006-2007. The data of the study were collected through a questionnaire.Results: 41.6% of the students stated that they were all for Turkey’s EU membership, a majority of them (81.4%) stated that they had a little or little level of knowledge about the European Union, and 7.5% said that they had adequate knowledge of the EU. In the study as obstacles toward Turkey’s EU membership, 21.7% of the students expressed the negative Turkish image in Europe, 15% of them underlined Turkish migration threat to the EU, 12.2% of them said that the majority of Turkish people were Muslims and there were differences in identity and culture, and Turkey’s not being economically equal to the EU was stated by 10.7% of the students. 79.6% of them think that Turkish society is not informed enough about the EU. 32.8% of them replied the expression “I can freely do my job in the EU member states in the case of Turkey’s membership” as “I am indecisive”.Conclusions: It has been observed that midwifery and nursing students have high expectations about free movement of services. Students had little level of knowledge about the European Union

The gap between becoming man or woman biologically and becoming man or woman socially is the main reason why the concept of feminism emerged. The main aim of feminism for a woman is getting herself by getting rid of being seen as an object of a man in a lower value. That conscious will ensure the disappearance of the effect of biological discrimination on social order and the most important one, the emancipation of women, the termination of dilemmas and the process of making social structure stronger. This study is a theoretical assessment focusing on a thought that with its sociologic, politic and moral aspects it is false for one sex to alienate the other one and it is the biggest obstacle to the development of humanity by aiming for understanding and questioning women's rights against men's sovereignty. <br> <br> Biyolojik olarak erkek ya da kadın olmak ile sosyal olarak erkek ya da kadın olmak arasındaki uçurum, feminizmin ortaya çıkışının temel sebebidir. Feminizmin temel hedefi, kadının erkeğin nesnesi olarak aşağı değerde görülmekten kurtularak kendiliğini kazanmasıdır. Bu bilinç, cinsiyetçi toplumsal ve cinsiyet ayrımıyla kutuplaşmış dünyada, biyolojik ayrımın toplum düzenindeki etkisinin ortadan kalkmasını ve ön önemlisi kadının özgürleşmesini, ikilemlerinin son bulmasını ve toplumsal yapının güçlenmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma, erkek egemenliğine karşı kadın haklarını anlamayı, sorgulamayı amaçlayarak sosyolojik, politik ve ahlakî yönleri ile bir cinsin diğer cinsi öteki’leştirmesinin yanlış ve insanlığın gelişimi önündeki en büyük engellerden biri olduğu düşüncesinde odaklanan kuramsal bir değerlendirmedir.

Mixed dialect works which exhibit Oghuz and Eastern Turkic features have a special place in the development of Oghuz Turkic. When mixed languages works which have both Eastern Turkic and Oghuz Turkic features are examined, it is seen that they do not share the same exact distribuition in whole sources. The use of some postpositions shows strong Eastern Turkic influence. Some lexical items give close connection with historical Turkic dialects. <br> <br> Oğuzcanın gelişiminde karışık dilli eserlerin ayrı bir yeri vardır. Hem Oğuzca hem de Doğu Türkçesi özelliklerine sahip olan karışık dilli eserlerin, bazı önemli ses ve biçim bilgisi özellikleri açısından benzer dağılımları sergilemedikleri görülür. Eserlerdeki bazı edatların dağılımları incelendiğinde ise kuvvetli bir Doğu Türkçesi etkisi hissedilir. Söz varlığına ait bazı kelimeler de bu eserlerin tarihî Türk lehçeleriyle olan yakın bağlatısını verir.

<p align="justify">The literature, the existence of a state and society protect and a search is an important element in terms of keeping. More can be seen in the two states with Timurids and Jalayirs so state rulers has given attention to the literary activities. Poet and courtier , scientists giving in the palace, and has supported their work, even give, literary work in themselves and XV. century have contributed to Turkish literature.</p>

Aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 1% pregnancies and its etiology is multi-factorial. Hypercoagulability might result in recurrent abortions; anticoagulant therapy could potentially increase the live-birth rate in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent abortions. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), are a parameter of platelet functions and may be a marker for increased platelet aggregability. In this study we aimed to determine whether MPV, PDW and red cell distribution width (RDW) values differ between patients with RPL and in healthy participants. Material and Method: A total of 50 RPL patients and 49 age matched healthy women were enrolled into the study. For all subjects following tests were performed: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells counts (WBC), MPV, PDW, platelet count, RDW and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Results: Compared with healthy controls there were no statistically differences in MPV and PDW between (p%u2009>%u20090.05, respectively) in women with RPL. However, RDW was significantly lower in patients with RPL than in group with control (p%u2009=%u20090.023,). Discussion: It was first shown in the literature that patients with RPL have no significance MPV and PDW than control subjects. However RDW levels were found that it was significantly related to recurrent pregnancy loss.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal system. These non-epithelial tumors originate from the muscularispropria layer of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Their most common locations of origin are the stomach and small intestine. Rarely, they may originate from the retroperitoneum or abdomen, and may have no connection with the gastrointestinal system. They are usually incidentally detected in endoscopic and radiological examinations of the gastrointestinal system or during surgical treatment of emergency conditions such as hemorrhage, obstruction, or organ perforation. In this paper, we report a 59-year-old man with GIST located in the proximal jejunum that caused massive bleeding owing to its rarely encountered location. Histopathological examination made the definitive diagnosis, and the patient underwent total excision of the mass and the resection of a 20-cm jejunal segment.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of passive and active smoking on NMC by comparing the results of age and sex matched healthy individuals, passive and active smokers. Material and Method: A total of 75 subjects met the criteria and were divided into three groups: control group (nonsmokers, group 1, n =25), passive smokers group(group 2, n =25), active smokers group (group 3, n =25). NMC of these subjects were measured and compared. Moreover, the amount of cigarette consumption of active smokers group were calculated as package to year and the correlation between NMC and the amount of cigarette consumption. in active smokers group were evaluated. Results: The mean NMC in passive smokers group and active smokers group were significantly longer than the control group (p=0,0001) The comparison of NMC values between the passive smokers group and the active smokers group revealed no statistically significant differences (p%u22650,05). There was positive correlation between the increase in NMC and amount of cigarette consumption in the active smokers group ( p=0,0001,r=0.433). Discussion: Both active and passive smoking prolonged nasal mucociliary clearance time when they were compared with healthy controls. Tobacco exposure is associated diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and lower airway infections. It may be related to the direct effect of prolonged NMC.

Aim: To classify and compare the complications we experienced in our percutaneous nephrolithotomies (PCNLs) by using modified Clavien system according to stone type as being simple or complex. Material and Method: Records of our total 210 standard PCNLs performed between May 2010 and April 2014, were evaluated retrospectively. Isolated renal pelvis or calyx stones were considered to be simple stones; partial or complete staghorn stones or renal pelvis stones accompanying caliceal stones were considered to be complex stones, regardless of their size. Results: The patients were all adults (77 females and 133 males). Mean age was 46.74 ± 13.40 (18-76) years. A total of 126 patients (60%) had simple and 84 patients (40%) had complex kidney stones. Mean stone area and operation time were 466.50 ± 361.81 (60-1900) mm2 and 81.02 ± 24.99 (45-165) min, respectively. All operations were completed with the application of a nephrostomy tube and mean nephrostomy tube removal time was 2.98 ± 1.23 (1-9) days. Complications were encountered in 36.5% of simple stones and 65.5% of complex stones. A statistically significant difference was detected between simple and complex stone groups with regard to PCNL complications (P = 0,0001). Discussion: Morbidity of PCNL is higher in complex stones compared with simple stones. Modified Clavien is a practical grading system for reporting complications of PNL procedures.

Folate is a vital B vitamin which is easily water-soluble. It is a natural source which is found in the herbal and animal foods. Folate has important duties in the human metabolism, one of them is the adjustment of the level of plasma homocysteine. Reduction in MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase),which is in charge of the metabolism of homocysteine activity affects the level of homocysteine. Therefore MTHFR is an important enzyme in folate metabolism. Some of the mutations occurring in the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for various diseases and may be caused the hyperhomocysteinemia or the homocystinuria, and they also may lead to metabolic problems. MTHFR is effective in the important pathways such as DNA synthesis, methylation reactions and synthesis of RNA. C677T and A1298C are the most commonly occurring polymorphisms in the gene of MTHFR. The frequency of these polymorphisms show differences in the populations. MTHFR, folate distribution, metabolism of homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine, by the MTHFR methylation the genetic defects have the potential of affecting the risk of disease in the negative or positive way.

Alienation which ends the meaning and value of being oneself in the existential process causes the loss of thinking abilities of individuals and fragmentation of consciousness. An individual who lost his self value cannot comprehend that loss of these values is a deficiency. In a way an individual who keeps on living with others‟ assumptions, leave his belonging to life and himself completely into nothingness in alienation process. As alienation leads to a psychological conflict among all his experiences, it points to an extinction of everything that belongs to an individual and a serious identity problem. Fakir Baykurt, who is one of the significant writers of social reality, deals with the alienation and identity problem in his novels both socially and psychologically. Baykurt‟s characters who suffer from solitude, communicative deficiency, despair and loss of trust annihilate their perception of awareness by being unable to pass into alertness from somnolence and they lose their own voices, losing all of their worries. <br> <br> VaroluĢsal süreçte kendi olmanın anlam ve değerini sonlandıran yabancılaĢma, bireyin düĢünsel yetilerinin yitime uğramasına ve bilinç parçalanmaları yaĢamasına neden olur. YabancılaĢma ile kendilik değerlerini kaybeden birey, bu değerlerindeki yok oluĢun bir eksiklik olduğunu algılayamaz. Bu bir bakıma yabancılaĢma sürecinde baĢkalarının kabulleri ile yaĢama devam eden bireyin, kendine ve yaĢama aitliğini tümden bir hiçliğin içine bırakmasıdır. YabancılaĢma bireyin tüm edinimleri ile psikolojik bir çatıĢma yaĢamasına neden olduğu için, bireye ait her Ģeyin yok olmasına iĢaret eder ve güçlü bir aidiyet sorunu yaĢatır. Toplumsal gerçekçilik çizgisinin önemli yazarlarından biri olan Fakir Baykurt, yabancılaĢma ve aidiyet sorununu sosyolojik ve psikolojik yönüyle romanlarında iĢler. Yalnızlık, iletiĢimsizlik, çaresizlik ve güven yitimi içinde olan Baykurt kiĢileri uyku halinden uyanıklık haline geçemeyerek farkındalık algılarını ortadan kaldırırlar, tüm kaygılarını yitirerek kendi seslerini kaybederler.

The assailants of sexuel assault to serve this purpose to the victims of many different drug can use. These drugs can be applied together with alcohol, soft drinks, water and other drinks can be given together. Most of these drugs tasteless and odorless. In a few minutes after ingestion chemical effect of drugs can start. Victims the conscious reduction and limitation of the physical move occur. Drug drinking from the pass the time until impact memory loss can occur. For this purpose the main benzodiazepines (Diazepam, flunitrazepam, lorazepam, etc.), hypnotics (Zopiclone, zolpidem), anesthetics (Gama-hydroxybutyrate, ketamine), amphetamines (Metylendioxymetamphetamine=ecstasy), opiats (Cocaine, cannabis=marihuana) and alcohols such as ethanol substances used. However in study frequently encountered in the literature; cocaine, cannabis, metylendioxymetamphetamine, zolpidem, ketamine hydrochloride, zopiclone, gamma hydroxybutirate, diazepam, flunitrazepam and the effects of these substances after oral ingestion were evaluated and the approach to victims.

One of the main problem is an optimal portfolio selection in the financial investment decisions. In this context, the determining of optimal portfolio by using which method is a significant for researcher. On the other hand, Genetic algorithm is optimization technical to select optimal portfolio when there are the plurality of cluster solutions. In this study, it is aimed to determine of optimal portfolio for Istanbul Stock Market 30 Indices. When Lambda value (λ) is 0.20, optimal portfolio selection is consist of 18 shares According to the application findings which is used data spanned from January-2010 and June-2013. When a dominance of risk factor increases, performance of algorithm decreases and optimal portfolio selection is consist of all BIST-30 Indices.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the associations betweenlocalization, size, stage and histopathological differentiationof primary tumor in larynx and neck metastases and the impactof disease stage on survival.Materials and methods: We analyzed the medical recordsof 333 laryngeal cancer patients who underwent total or partiallaryngectomy as primary treatment, combined with neckdissection and/or postoperative radiotheraphy if required,between 2000 and 2010 years at our clinic. Age and genderof patients, tumor localization, size, stage and histopathologicaldifferentiation of tumor; presence of preoperative positivelymph nodes, performed operations, operation findingsand histopathological results were analysed retrospectively.Results: Tumor localizations were glottic in 172 (51.6%)cases, supraglottic in 108 (32.4%), and transglottic 53(15.9%) of the the cases. In glottic cancers; cervical metastaseswere observed in 18.6% of the patients, whereasoccult metastases in 11%. In supraglottic cancers; cervicalmetastasis rate was 45.3% and occult metastases rate was24%. In transglottic cancers, cervical metastases rate was49% and occult metastases was 22.6%. Postoperative recurrencewas 41 (12.3%). Postoperative radiotherapy wasrecommended to 111 of 333 patients. The overall survivalrate was 75.4% at 50th month and the cumulative survivalrate was 68.9%.Conclusion: In conclusion, although there is controversyregarding the optimal treatment in the N0 larynx cancers, incase of a high risk for occult metastases, elective unilateralor bilateral neck dissection should be performed accordingto the anatomic localization of the tumor. In addition, survivalrate decreased significantly with the increasing tumor stage.J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3(2): 214-222

The aim of study is to state the perceptions of the school administrators about the problems and solutions, worries and thoughts about minister of education, provincial directors of national education, district directors of national education and inspectors. A qualitative research technique, namely phenomenology design was used to collect the data. The target group of the study included 14 school administrators in Adana and 22 in Batman. The target group was designed based on purposive sampling method of qualitative research design. The data was collected by using semi- structured interview method. Content analysis method was conducted to analyze the data. According the results of the study, the orders and actions of the minister the personal in Ministry of National Education (MoNE), provincial directors of national education, district directors of national education and inspectors may affect motivation and their performance. School principals have the expectations for new regulations and policies that will fit the basic philosophy and stricter of the educational system. In addition school principals also believe that the executives should be well educated and have high professional skills. His expectations and believes are consisted with the results of preview studies in lecture. The results of present study suggest that a new training program for educational administrators should be established and the structure of the MoNE should not be centralized instead more localized. Özet Araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin Bakan’dan başlayarak üst yöneticiler hakkında yaşanılan sorunları, kaygıları, düşünceleri ve bunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerini ortaya koyarak okuldaki çalışmalara ve performanslara nasıl etkiler oluşturduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma, nitel bir çalışmadır. Çalışma, olgu bilim desenine göre düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu aşırı veya aykırı durum ve maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi tekniklerine göre seçilmiş Adana’dan 14 ve Batman’dan 22 ilköğretim okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel veri analiz yöntemlerinden “içerik analizi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları olarak, üst yöneticiler olarak Bakan ve Bakanlık mensubu yöneticilerin, il ve ilçe milli eğitim müdürleri ve eğitim denetçilerinin yapmış oldukları açıklamalar ve icraatlar sistemin çalışma gereği, okul yöneticilerinin moral motivasyon ve iş görme biçimlerini etkilemekte, değiştirmekte, bazı sorunların yaşanmasına sebep olmakta veya yönlendirmektedir. Dolayısıyla okul yöneticileri sistemin temeldeki felsefe ve anlayışına uygun politikaların oluşturulmasına ve uygulanmasına yönelik beklenti içindedirler. Okul yöneticileri, üst yöneticilerin yetişmiş ve alanında becerikli olmalarını beklemektedirler. Okul yöneticilerinin istek ve beklentileri alan yazındaki sonuçlarla uyuşmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayalı olarak, eğitim yöneticisi yetiştirme programının oluşturulması ve devreye sokulması, Bakanlığın örgütlenme yapısının merkeziyetçi yapıdan çıkarılacak biçimde değiştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Diversity in the characteristics between regions is why different kinds of technology are used in wetland rice farming in Indonesia. These differences lead to a technology gap which then makes it nearly impossible to compare the maximum production sizes (the frontiers) of each region. This study is aimed to observe the factors that affect production, efficiency, and the technology gap in wetland rice farming using the data from 4,203 wetland rice farmers in 4 regions in Indonesia which were obtained from the Cost Structure of Food Crops Production Survey 2011 conducted by the BPS-Statistics Indonesia. This study was conducted using a metafrontier analysis to prove that the efficiency level in the 4 regions could not be compared to each other. In general, all the coefficients of the production function variables were positive and significant, as expected. The size of the harvested area was the strongest factor in influencing wetland rice production. The ten socio-economic variables in this study had various effects on the inefficiency of rice farming in each region. This study also demonstrated that the use of technical efficiency measurements taken based on their respective region’s frontier would lead to biased and misguided policies; therefore, special notes are required in the analysis.

<p><strong>TÜRKİYE’DE DÜZENLEYİCİ KURULUŞLAR AÇISINDAN MUHASEBE HİLELERİNİN ÖNLENMESİ VE ORTAYA ÇIKARILMASI SORUMLULUĞU: HUKUKÎ DURUM VE FİİLÎ UYGULAMA</strong></p><p>Özet: Düzenleyici kuruluşların yaklaşımı ve uygulamaları muhasebe hilelerinin önlenmesi ve ortaya çıkarılması sorumluluğunun kapsamının açıklığa kavuşturulmasına yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu kuruluşların kamunun büyük bir çoğunluğunu adîl ve yansız bir şekilde temsil edeceği varsayılmaktadır. Ayrıca aldıkları kararlar ve karar alma mantıkları hem araştırmacılara, hem de finansal bilgi kullanıcılarına olası hile şüphelileri, bu kuruluşların sorumlulardan özellikle önlemesi ve ortaya çıkarmasını istedikleri hile yöntemleri, hilelerin cezaî yönleri, hilelerin önlenmesi ve ortaya çıkarılmasında temel sorumluluklar ve denetim beklenti boşluğu konularında önemli ipuçları verebilmektedir. Yine bunlar ilgili standart, yasa ve diğer düzenlemelerin oluşturulması ve uygulanmasında önemli etki sahibi olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bağımsız denetimle ilgili faktörleri de kapsayan bir dizi değişken ile muhasebe hileleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını sınayan bir çalışma yapılmış ve sonuç olarak Türkiye’deki düzenleyici kuruluşun muhasebe hilelerinin önlenmesi ve ortaya çıkarılması sorumluluğunu aynı tarafa, müşteri işletme ve yönetimine yüklediği bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları Türkiye’de bir denetim-beklenti boşluğu olmadığına da işaret etmektedir.</p><p><strong>THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PREVENTING AND DETECTING ACCOUNTING FRAUDS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF SELF-REGULATORY AGENCIES IN TURKEY: DE JURE STATUS AND DE FACTO APPLICATION</strong></p><p>Abstract: Self-regulatory agencies’ way of understanding and practices can help clarify the scope of the responsibility for preventing and detecting frauds. They are assumed to represent a vast majority of the public in an unbiased and equitable manner. Moreover, their final decisions and their reasoning behind could give critical hints to both the researchers and financial information users about the probable suspects of frauds, the fraud schemes self-regulatory agencies particularly want the liable parties to prevent and detect the penal aspects of accounting frauds, the primary responsibilities for detecting and preventing frauds, and the audit expectation gap. Besides these authorities have a material impact on setting and implementing relevant standards, codes, and other regulations. Therefore a research study was conducted in order for testing whether there is a statistically significant relationship between a series of variables some of which involve auditing-related factors and accounting frauds, and it is consequently found out that the Turkish self-regulatory agency imposed the primary responsibility for both preventing and detecting frauds upon the same party, the client company and its management. The findings of the research might also imply the absence of an audit-expectation gap in Turkey.</p>

Research on earthquake improves in quality and scope day by day. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) supported methods have been used effectively in research on this subject in recent years. This study aimed at making the earthquake damage risk assessment of Tekirdağ province through the GIS supported Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A significant aspect of the study was that it covered an administrative unit where 852.321 people lived and there were 136 people per square kilometer as per the 2012 data of the Address Based Population Registration System of the Turkish Statistical Institute. The factors influential on the earthquake damage risk were determined through a systematic classification of the data obtained from the related literature. Different types of data obtained from various sources were used for creating the maps pertaining to these factors. The ArcGIS/ArcMap 10 package – GIS software – was used for producing factor maps and making image analyses. It was found that 73.8 % of Tekirdağ province was under a strong earthquake damage risk. Thus, the urban area was determined to be partially suitable for settlement. In this sense, it is necessary to prevent the areas to be opened to settlement and new constructions from increasing the current earthquake risk in order to decrease the earthquake damages likely to occur in Tekirdağ province. It is also necessary to conduct more planned and systematical application studies. The present study demonstrated that similar studies based on the GIS supported AHP method might be used in earthquake damage risk analyses.

Background and Design: To evaluate the prevalence of skin changes in patient with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Over 18 year of age, 100 randomly selected patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 7 groups in terms of primary disease causing chronic renal failure, and were divided into two groups according to duration of hemodialysis (≤3 years and >3 years). The association of diagnosed skin disorders with age, gender and duration of hemodialysis, were assessed using the t-test and chi-square test. Results are presented as mean±standard deviation and a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Many skin diseases, at least one, were found in all patients. The most common skin changes were xerosis (98%), nail changes (93%), melanocytic nevus (78%), seborrheic keratosis (54%), pigmentation changes (51%), uremic pruritus (49%), tinea pedis (34%), actinic keratosis (23%), skin tags (16%), onychomycosis (17%), lentigo (16%), and cherry angioma (11%). The most frequently observed nail changes were longitudinal ridging, half and half nails, absence of lunula and splinter hemorrhages. Conclusion: Various skin changes are often accompanied by chronic renal failure. A detailed dermatological examination may play an important role in the diagnosis of chronic renal failure.

The aim of this research is to determine the motivation level of the personnel Working for the human resources in the 25th Winter Universiade Coordination Center and to comprehend whether there is any reaction against some demographic factors such like gender, marital status, administrative status and education level. Motivation scale which is of quinary Likert developed by Incir (1990) was implemented on 79 women (%35,4) and 144 men (%64,6) ,223 in total to acquire some data about the motivation of these personnel. When considered the distributions related to marital status %19.7 of them is married with the number of 44 people, %80.3 of them is single with the number of 179 people; when considered the distributions related to status, %19,3 of them is administrator with the number of 43 people, %80,7 of them is personnel with the number of 180 people.Frequency analysis in determining the demographic factors of the participants , t-test within independent groups in determining their motivation according to gender,status and marital status and single sided variance analysis (Anova) in determining their motivation according to education levels were used. In this research, great difference was revealed in the comparison of motivation levels according to gender. According to this, male employees ( =4.47±375) have more average compared to female ones ( =3.13±217). This can be a result of that male employees are less effected from increasing workload, the concept of extra overtime which is not subject to any additional charge, and sometimes working even at the weekends. Additionally there was no great difference in the motivation level according to education level.

<p>Abstract:</p><p>Due to the increase in the usage of ecommunication,<br />many authors suggest that young generation<br />tend to use electronic messaging more than traditional face to<br />face communication. However, the number of research<br />findings is still insufficient regarding this issue. The aim of<br />this study is to examine university students’ preferences<br />between these two alternative communication ways. In order to<br />examine this subject, a survey consisting of 36 questions was<br />applied to 419 university students. The questionnaire focused<br />on four main dimensions of communication; information<br />richness, ease of use/usefulness, emotion express and social<br />presence. Results of the analysis showed that students prefer<br />face to face communication for emotion express, usefulness<br />and social presence whereas they prefer IM for information<br />richness.</p><p>Özet:</p><p>Birçok yazar elektronik iletişimde meydana gelen<br />gelişmeler nedeniyle yeni neslin elektronik mesajlaşmayı<br />geleneksel iletişim yöntemlerinden daha fazla kullandığını<br />belirtmektedir. Bu görüşü destekleyen araştırma bulgularının<br />ise sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırma Türk<br />öğrencilerinin hızlı ileti ve yüz yüze iletişime ilişkin tercihlerini<br />incelemektedir. Bu amaçla 36 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu<br />Marmara Üniversitesi’nin 419 öğrencisi tarafından<br />yanıtlanmıştır. Anket formu bilgi zenginliği, kullanım<br />kolaylığı/yararlılık, duygu aktarımı ve hazır bulunma olmak<br />üzere iletişimin dört boyutuna odaklanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları<br />öğrencilerin duygu aktarımı, yararlılık ve hazır bulunma<br />boyutları için yüz yüze iletişimi; bilgi zenginliği için ise hızlı<br />iletiyi tercih ettiklerini göstermektedir.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is important that climate comfortable conditions are within presumed threshold values with respect to tourism activities in the form that people rest in a healthy environment. The climatical elements bearing importance for climate comfortable conditions in general sunshine duration, temperature, relative humidity, wind and precipitation have been taken into consideration for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine of the climate comfortable conditions in respect to tourism on the Aegean Region coastal belt of Turkey. In this study, TCI, THI and SSI indices have been used for determining climate comfort conditions. The best climate comfortable conditions in terms of coastal tourism are seen May-June and September-October periods in the study area. Climate comfortable decreases due to high temperature and relative humidity in July-August period. November-April period is not appropriate for the coastal tourism. The favourable period for sea bathing is seen between 9 June-26 September. <strong></strong></span></span></span></p>

&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Hemofili A erkek bebeklerin 1/5000’ini etkileyen en yaygın kalıtımsal koagülasyon bozukluğudur. Hemofili A hastalarının %25-30’unda, Hemofili B hastalarının ise %1-3’ünde yaşamları boyunca inhibitör gelişebilir. İnhibitör gelişen hemofili hastalarını tedavilerini yapmanın en etkili yol ise bu hastalara rekombinant faktör VIIa uygulanmasıdır. FVIIa plazmada pıhtının erime zamanını uzatır ve trombin ile aktive olabilen fibrinolizis inhibitörü yolu ile fibrinolizisi azaltır. Bu makalede faktör VIII’e karşı aşırı inhibitör gelişen bir hemofili hastasının yapılan başarılı dental tedavisini anlattık. rFVIIa’nın geleneksel tedavilere(örneğin faktör konsantresi) göre avantajları antijenitesinin olmaması ve viral güvenliğidir. Ancak geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha pahalı bir tedavi yöntemidir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

The study was designed to examine the ideas of preservice teachers concerning the effective features and problems of group work. The population of the study consisted of the 245 preservice terachers of Gazi University Vocational Educational Faculty. A questionnaire comprised of open-ended questions was used. In addition, 15 students,being 3 in each program, were interviewed in a group. The questionnaire and interviews were examined and content analysis method was used for the analysis of the data. The most effective features of group work were; the ability to talk in front of a group, knowing different ideas and attaining the experience of teaching. Also the problems of the group work were; taking over the same work by a few students, that other students cannot taketheir responsibility, working individual not group, some students read the presentation from the paper and difficult to understanding, and disagreement in the group communication.

This article deals with the bookstores established in Ankara until the year of 1960. The information about the first years of bookselling and the first bookstores in Ankara is considerably scarce because of the very limited number of written documents that survived to our day. Within this scope and by means of press clippings, book covers, bookmarks, interviews, advertisements and various sources, the article takes a look at the bookstores in Ankara, some of which also served as publishing houses, between 1930-1960.

The purpose of this research was to measure and evaluate self - talk ability. 100 athletes ch osen randomly from 23 countries , who attended the Heracles Junior World Cup competition (29) held in Budapest, Hungary between the dates of 15 - 16/02/2014, junior and cadet fencing championship held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria (38) between the dates of 3 - 12/04/2014 which was included in the 2014 activity calendar of FIE (International Fencing Federation) and athletes among elite fencers (33) representing our country abroad attended in our research. In this performed study based on the scanning (survey) method; the Self - Talk Questionnaire (S - TQ) which was improved by Zervas, Stavrau and Psychountaki (2007) , whose validity and reliability in Turkish were performed by Engür (2011) , was used . In order to evaluat e the data and find the estimated values, the SPSS 16.0 statistical package program was used. The data were summarised giving averages and standard deviations. Since the data show ed a normal distribution , for the dual group comparisons, independent group t - test was used for the determination of the difference between independent parameters, the error level was regarded to be 0,05 in this study. Within the result s of the survey, no statistically meaningful difference s were observed. When the sub - dimensions of both motivational function s were evaluated in terms of age and experience time concerning self - talk abilities in the athletes attended in the survey . When self - talk ability was eval u ated due to the gender parameter; while not seeing a sta tistically meaningful difference in the cognitive , functional sub - dimension among the athletes, a statistically meaningful difference was observed on the motivational , functional sub - dimension in favor of sportswoman . Furthermore , there was not a signifi cant difference when comparing the self - talk ability of Turkish athletes and other countries' athletes who attended in the research in all sub - dimensions. Finally, it can be told that sportswomen attended in the research use self talk ability as a motivational tool in order to improve their performance and success more than sportsman .

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and distribution of cervical lesions and compare characteristics such as parity and age of the women in Mardin province.Material and Method: Pap smears were drawn from the women screened at Mardin Gynecology and Pediatric Diseases Hospital from 2008 to 2011. All cervicovaginal smears were conventional Pap smear samples evaluated according to the 2001 Bethesda system.Results: There were 3.332 patients in total, whose smears showed no lesions in 3.125 patients. The mean age and number of parities of those patients were 37.34±11.25 and 4.78±3.28. There were 207 smears showing any lesions in cervix; ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, AGC, squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma in 151 (72.94%); 16 (7.72%); 20 (9.66%); 8 (3.86%); 10 (4.83%); 1 (0.48%) and 1 (0.48%) patient, respectively. The mean age and the parities of the patients were 37.63±10.77 years and 4,74±2,92. Although there was no difference between the control and lesion groups, the parity and the age of patients who had ≥4 births in both the control and lesion groups were significantly higher than the patients with parities <4 births (p=0.000). There was no difference within the cervical lesion group comparing the ASC-US group with the total of the other lesions.Conclusion: High parity was one of the risk factor for having a lesion in uterine cervix in this population. This study represents an initial attempt to reflect the prevalence and the distribution of cervical lesions and their relation with the parity rates in the eastern regions in Turkey.

<p><em>Whistleblowing can be defined as revealing non-ethical events or behaviors (like</em></p><p><em>producing harmful foods even though marketing them as they are remedial) in an</em></p><p><em>organization. Organizational Ethical Climate is the second concept used in this work. It</em></p><p><em>consists of workers’ opinions about the ethical organizational culture of management. In</em></p><p><em>this work the relationship between “whistleblowing” and “ethical climate” is searched.</em></p><p><em>The questionnaire used to evaluate the relationship between whistleblowing and ethical</em></p><p><em>climate are applied on 123 research assistants in public universities. In the application</em></p><p><em>study it’s reached that there is not a significant relationship between whistleblowing and</em></p><p><em>ethical climate. Even though it’s found that there is not a significant relationship between</em></p><p><em>“whistleblowing” and “ethical climate”; a small significant relationship is discovered</em></p><em>between “whistleblowing” and “benevolent ethical climate”.</em><br><p><em>Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması (Whistleblowing), bir işletmedeki etik</em></p><p><em>olmayan davranış ve olayların açığa çıkarılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Etik iklim ise</em></p><p><em>çalışanların örgüt kültürünün etiksel boyutuyla ilgili gözlem ve görüşlerinden</em></p><p><em>oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ‘Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması’ ve ‘Etik iklim’</em></p><p><em>arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin mevcut olup olmadığını araştırmaktadır. ‘Ahlaki olmayan</em></p><p><em>davranışların duyurulması’ ve ‘Etik iklim’ arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek için kullanılan anket</em></p><p><em>çalışması devlet üniversitelerindeki 123 araştırma görevlisi üzerinde uygulanmıştır.</em></p><p><em>Uygulama çalışması neticesinde “Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması” ile “Etik</em></p><p><em>İklim” arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmamasına rağmen; etik iklim boyutlarından biri</em></p><p><em>olan “Yardımsever Etik İklim” ile “Ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması” arasında</em></p><em>anlamlı bir ilişkinin mevcut olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.</em>

I. Dünya Savaşı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kafkasya, Irak, Sina- Filistin-Suriye, Yemen, Hicaz, Süveyş Kanalı, Çanakkale, Galiçya, Makedonya, Romanya, İran ve Libya cephelerinde savaştığı, fakat sonunda müttefikleriyle birlikte yenildiği ve çeşitli yönlerden büyük kayıplar yaşadığı bir savaştır. Bu savaşta yüz binlerce askerimizin şehit ve esir düşmesi bu kayıpların en acısıdır. Savaş esnasında cephelerde şehit olanlar oralarda defnedilmişlerdir. Düşmana esir düşenler ise; ki en çok İngilizlere sonra Ruslara, Fransızlara, İtalyanlara, Rumenlere ve Yunanlılara esir düşülmüştür, çeşitli esir kamplarına götürülmüş ve birçoğu o kamplarda vefat etmişlerdir. Savaştan sonraki süreçte, başta Lozan Antlaşması olmak üzere çeşitli uluslararası antlaşmalara dayanılarak, gerek savaş bölgelerinde gerekse Türk askerlerin götürüldüğü esir kamplarının bulunduğu ülkelerde, yani toplam 26 ülkede 54 adet Türk şehitliği yaptırılmıştır. Bu şehitliklerin 36’sı savaşın geçtiği bölgelerde, 18’i de esir düşen askerlerimizin götürüldükleri esir kamplarının olduğu yerlerdedir.

The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of participation level of teachers who work in Armenian Minority Primary Schools, on decision – making process in their school settings. Target population of the study consists of 280 teachers who work in 14 Armenian primary schools in İstanbul in 2009-2010 academic year. 150 teachers from 11 schools volunteered to participate in the study. Instrument, previously developed by Köklü (1994) was used in the study. The findings which was obtained from the survey, was analyzed using mean, standard deviation through SPSS package programme. According to the results of the study, the teachers were detemnined to participate “Considerably” in educational decision–making process, whereas they participated “A Little” in administrative decision–making process. A significant difference has been observed between the educational and administrative decision–making processes of the participants.

The aim of this work is to introduce Ibn Ebu Tahir Tayfur and his book called Kitabu Baghdad. Kitabu Baghdad is important in that it is the first work for Baghdad and the author has written the large part of the Khalif al - Ma’mun’s period based upon his personal observations. In this work first of all will been informe about the author’s life and Works, then will be mentioned at the contents of the work and his sources which Ibn Ebu Tahir Tayfur benefited from them at his rumors. The conveyers of information at Tarihu Baghdad and the historians and the authors who transfer from Ibn Tayfur are the other subjects which are be me ntioned in this work. In the same way Kitabu Baghdad is significant in that it takes part among the sources which the historians as Taberi, Abu’l - Faraj al - Isfahani, al - Mas’udi, Khatib al - Baghdadi used from them .

In this study it is mentioned about family, smallest and most important touchstone of the society and protecting family one of the nursing services emerging as the result of its corrosion/break-up and enabling children to hold on the life again and create healthy personalities. Family shoulders many functions (love, protection, biological, economical, education etc…) in social life. These functions provide the adaptation of individuals to the social life easier and prepare them to the life. But that the family can not fulfill these functions because of many reasons brings about alternative nursing services. One of these alternative nursing services is protecting family. So, the aim of this study is to put forward reasons why the families in Sivas become a protecting family which is one of the alternative nursing services. The data obtained from the application is presented he sample and evaluated as general findings. According to research results the reasons why families who are in the sample become a protecting family are helping helpless children (% 85.0) , not having a child (%55.0), not having a daughter (%20.0), feeling loneliness (%5.0), and not having a son (%5.0) .

The purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of problemsthe third and fourth grade students at the Faculty of Science and Literature and the Faculty of Education have on defining the accumulation point, a central concept,knowing the concepts necessary for defining it and deciding where to use it. The study was carried out through the survey model. The data was collected through the Concept Information Form (CIF) from a total of 107 third and fourth grade students who studied Mathematics at the Faculty of Science and Literature and the Faculty of Education in an intermediately-populated city located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey,during the fall term of the educational year 2011-2012. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the data. It was concluded that students have problems on “defining the accumulation point”, “knowing the concepts necessary for defining it” and “deciding where to use it”.

The aim of this study is to reveal preservice teachers’ metaphors about the lecturers at university. Study group of the research consists of 347 preservice teachers enrolled at three different education faculties in Turkey in 2011-2012 academic year. Data was obtained from the preservice teachers��� completion of the sentences such as “University teacher is like ..., because ...”. For analysing the data quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. As a result, 183 metaphors were determined about University teachers in 16 conceptual categories. The categories which produced metaphors most about the University teachers are as follows; university teachers as the source and passer one of the knowledge (42 metaphors), the university teacher as a guide one (38 metaphors), the university teacher as a changing one (24 metaphors), the university teacher as a scary-repelling one (21 metaphors), the university teacher as a versatile one (17 metaphors) respectively. Besides, the metaphors can be used as an evaluation tool for determining the performance of a university teacher at studies of increasing quality in higher education.

The aim of the present study is to examine the varying rates of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) across countries with respect to Hofstede's (2001) power distance and individualism culture dimensions and investigate the possible mediating role of country economy in these relationships.  The sample of the study was composed of the values of 25 countries on the study variables. The points of countries on culture dimensions were obtained from Hofstede (2001) open data source. Gross national income per capita (GNIPC) was used as indicator of the economic development of the countries, and the values were taken from World Health Organization report (2013a). Physical and sexual IPV rates of countries were obtained from United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women data set (UN WOMEN, 2011). Countries having points in all three data sets were included in the study. Findings indicated that at cross-cultural level, physical and sexual IPV were significantly and positively correlated with power distance and they were significantly and negatively correlated with individualism and GNIPC. Additionally, mediation analyses showed that GNIPC significantly mediated both the relationship between power distance and physical IPV and power distance and sexual IPV. However, although GNIPC significantly mediated the relationship between individualism and physical IPV, did not mediate the relationship between individualism and sexual IPV.   Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerarası farklılaşan fiziksel ve cinsel yakın partner şiddeti (YPŞ) oranlarının, Hofstede (2001)’nin kültürel boyutlarından güç mesafesi ve bireycilik/toplulukçuluk ile ilişkisini incelemek ve ülke ekonomisinin bu ilişkilerdeki olası aracı etkisini saptamaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, 25 ülkenin ilgili boyutlardan aldığı değerlerden oluşturmaktadır. Ülkelerin kültür boyutlarındaki değerleri, Hosftede (2001) açık veri setinden elde edilmiştir. Kişi Başına Düşen Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla (GSMH), ülkelerin ekonomik durumunun göstergesi olarak kabul edilmiş ve değerler Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Raporu’ndan (WHO, 2013a) alınmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen ülkelerdeki YPŞ oranları ise, Birleşmiş Milletler Cinsiyet Eşitliği ve Kadınların Güçlendirilmesi Birimi (UN WOMEN, 2011) tarafından derlenen veri setinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, ülkeler düzeyinde, kadına yönelik fiziksel ve cinsel YPŞ oranlarının, güç mesafesi ile anlamlı düzeyde ve olumlu yönde, bireycilik ve kişi başına düşen GSMH ile anlamlı düzeyde ve olumsuz yönde bir ilişkisinin olduğu ortaya koymuştur. Aracı etki analizleri, kişi başına düşen GSMH’nın güç mesafesi ile fiziksel ve cinsel YPŞ ve bireycilik ile fiziksel YPŞ ilişkisine aracılık ettiğini; buna karşın bireycilik ile cinsel YPŞ ilişkisine aracılık etmediğini göstermiştir.

Inverted papilloma is a locally aggressive benign disease. Patients most commonly present with unilateral nasal obstruction. Isolated frontal sinus inverted papilloma may remain asymptomatic for a long time. Surgical management of frontal sinus inverted papilloma is challenging. Despite advances in endoscopic sinus surgery, open frontal sinus approach may be required. In this case report, we present a 67-year-old female patient who underwent osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery due to frontal sinus inverted papilloma with intracranial extension causing severe cosmetic deformity. The patient had previously experienced two inefficient surgical procedures. The indications for the surgical approach performed in our clinic is presented with the recent literature. (The Me­di­cal Bul­le­tin of Ha­se­ki 2014; 52: 67-70)

"Love," the primary subject of art, also exhibits the characteristics of individual-social myth. The source of basic fact and concept of woman-man relationship to which "love" is related; the root and qualities of moral tradition and opinions can be seen from the "creation" narrations of holy books and various precepts. Some "creation" narration and myths tells about the creation of a woman named "Lilith" before Eve. In a creation story belonging to the 2000 BC, when she was first seen, Lilith, being the goddess of the matriarchal period and expelled from the patriarchal Sumerian world, is seen as an excluded character in the scripts of Cabala doctrines, too. In narrations and compositions, excluding the "powerful-subject" woman image from social life and rendering acceptable the woman identity which is dependent on a "power" composed of God-government-man, Lilith and Eve show mythological figure features symbolizing the opposite poles of woman identity and "morals. " In works of art performing the progressive events which come up with the persuasion of a living creature, which is the combination of snake-Devil-woman(Lilith) in holy scripts, Eve about the "forbidden fruit", two characters are reflected with the imagery of contrasts representing hostility. In the descriptions of some works of art illustrating the art playing a part in the service of "gender ideology" and in modern digital-fantastic descriptions, a connection between the women and misdeed is made explicit with figures composed of snake-woman. Man gender of mankind building an ownership relation with the universe develops "dominance" in a more complicated way against its female and urged the woman to be either Lilith or Eve; and he was in the shadow of the unreal "power-strength" imagery. In the world shaped with "benefit values," "love," whose sides cannot be free-real subjects, has turned into an impossible myth, let alone being real.

Bu çalışmada günümüzün en popüler nıobilhaberleşme sistemi olan GSM [1 l sisteminin, kendiöğeleri aras1ndaki en temel sinyalleşme sistemi olannumara 7 (SS7 [2) ) sinyallerinin, günümüzün enyaygın iletim omurgast olan ve tüm dünyadakibilgisayarları birbirine bağlayan IP (3] omurgasıüzerinden taşınabilmesi için gerekli si stemin tasar11n1ve gerçeklenınesi üzerinde çahş1lmtştır. Klasil\ SS7iletimine göre en büyüllt; faydası çok düşül{ maliyetiolan bu sistem sayesinde, dünyadaki b i r çok GSMşebekesi ara bağlanti harcanıalarıııda büyükmiktarda tasarrufa gideceklerdir. Aralarındakiklasik 64 KB/sn 'lik ara bağlantı yerine, bununüzerinde bir bağlantı hızı ile iki şebeke haberleşmişolacaktır. Bu değişimierin etkisi abonelere fiyatlardadüşüş ve servis kalitesinde yükseliş olarakyansıyacaktır.

Serous macular detachment has only recently been recognized to occur in a significant number of eyes with macular pathology including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, Behçet disease, Irvine-Gass syndrome and pars planitis. These serous retinal detachments associated with retinal vascular leakage are not suspected clinically or angiographically but can be diagnosed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) beneath the edematous neurosensory retina. The detection of shallow foveal detachment may be helpful in better understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders. In addition, the detection of serous macular detachment may also help to better guide and assess the results of therapy in the future. (Turk J Oph thal mol 2012; 42: 146-9)

Kelâm (saying), speaking or making remarks, is a word of Arabic origin which means perceiving a meaning. In our language, kelâm is used for expressing equal meanings of word, verse, sentence, remark, lyric, phrase, vocable, epigram and similar. Kelâm-ı fasîh means saying beautiful and fluent words. Kelâm-ı fasîh, which is used in different forms in all of the branches of the sources of our written and verbal literature, had its place in Yûnus Emre’s poetry language and earned many meanings and expression characteristics.According to Yûnus Emre, kelâm and word is for clever people. Wit is in word and word is in wise. Speech is precious. Speaking to carefree people is like rock echo, you speak and you hear. In this study, the importance of Kelâm and its different uses in our literature is explored. Also, considering the saying “kelâm-ı kibâr is the word of elagant”, the status and features of kelâm from Yûnus Emre in our social life are evaluated. <br> <br> Kelâm, ko¬nuşma ve söz söyleme, sözü algıla¬ma ma’nâsına gelen Arapça kökenli bir kelimedir. Kelâm, dilimizde söz, beyit, cümle, deyiş, güfte, ibare, ifade, kelime, laf, metin, vecize ve emsal anlamlarında kullanılmıştır. Kelâm-ı fasîh, güzel ve düzgün söz söyleme demektir. Edebiyatımızın sözlü ve yazılı kaynaklarının her şubesinde farklı biçimlerde ve fesâhatla birlikte kullanılan kelâm-ı fasîh, Yûnus Emre’nin şiir dilinde de yerini almış ve çok sayıda ma’nâ ve ifâde özelliği kazanmıştır.Bu makalede, kelâmın önemi ve edebiyatımızdaki kullanım biçimleri üzerinde durulacak, kelâm-ı kibâr, kibârın kelâmıdır” sözü gereğince Yûnus Emre dilinden kelâmın ve sözün sosyal hayatımızda kazandığı vasıflar değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır.

In a written text, in order to clarify the narration and reinforce the comprehensibility for readers to understand it accurately and properly, it is required to pay attention while applying spelling rules and using punctuation marks appropriately in their proper places. Regardless of their levels, when students’ written texts are analyzed, it is found that erroneous sentences mostly focus on punctuation and spelling rules. Due to the fact that these errors cannot be corrected, problems related to insufficient use of mother tongue are encountered. Because of this reason, the aim of the present study is to determine students’ level of ability to apply spelling rules and punctuation marks at elementary schools’ 8 th grade, which is the last phase of obligatory education. In this study, two written texts which were chosen from Turkish Language course books of secondary education were used to collect data. In the ligth of the findings, the students’ achievement levels of ability to apply spelling rules and use punctuation Marks in an appropriate way were determined. <br> <br> Yazılı bir metinde anlatımı belirginleştirmek, yazının tam ve doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasını kuvvetlendirmek için noktalama işaretlerinin yerli yerinde kullanılmasına ve yazım kurallarına uyulmasına dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Hangi seviyede olursa olsun öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım metinleri incelendiğinde hatalı cümlelerin daha çok noktalama ve yazım kuralları üzerine yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bu hataların giderilememesinden kaynaklanan ana dili kullanma yetersizliği sorunuyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu yüzden araştırmanın amacı zorunlu eğitimin son aşaması olan ilköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin noktalama işaretleri ile yazım kurallarını doğru uygulayabilme düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Bu araştırma betimsel nitelikte bir alan araştırmasıdır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe ders kitaplarından se¬çilen iki metin kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonunda öğrencilerin noktalama işaretlerini doğru kullanabilme ile yazım kurallarını doğru uygulayabilme başarısı düzeyleri belirlenmiştir.

3,3'-[(E)-eten-1,2-diil]di(9-heksil-9H-karbazol) bileşiği 9H-karbazoldan çıkarak üç basamakta sentezlenmiş ve yapısı spektroskopik yöntemlerle aydınlatılmıştır. Kristal yapısı monoklinik uzay grubu P21/c'de çözülmüş ve geometrik özellikleri yarı-deneysel PM7 ve teorik DFT/B3LYP hesaplamalarla elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. DFT hesapsal sonuçlar ile X-ışını kırınımı deneysel sonuçlar arasında yüksek korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Kristal yapıdaki moleküller arası etkileşimler hesaplanan öncü orbitallerle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Smoking is an enviromental risk factor in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on clinical parameters and GCF MPO levels after initial periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and method:&lt;/strong&gt; The study included 17 (the average 44,5±6.0) smoker and 18 (42.3±3.2) non-smoker patient with chronic periodontitis as evidenced by clinically and radiographically. Clinical periodontal evaluations were performed by using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) scores and clinical attachment level (CAL) at baseline and four weeks after initial periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from four different space with deep periodontal pocket (pocket depth 9 4 mm) in maxilla. DOS MPO samples were assessed by kinetic spectrophotometer method.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; At baseline, there were no significant diffirences in clinical periodontal parameters between smokers and non-smokers. All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly decreased after initial periodontal therapy in both groups. All parameters in smokers were lower than non-smokers at 4 weeks after therapy. The GCF MPO levels were significantly decreased only in non-smokers.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Within the limits of this study, we found that smoking effects periodontal healing negatively.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ÖZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç:&lt;/strong&gt; Sigara kullanımı, periodontal hastalıkların başlamasında ve ilerlemesinde önemli çevresel risk faktörüdür. Bu çalışmada kronik periodontitis teşhisi konulmuş hastalarda sigaranın, başlangıç periodontal tedavinin klinik parametreler ve dişeti oluğu sıvısı (DOS) myeloperoksidaz (MPO) düzeylerine etkisininin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem:&lt;/strong&gt; Çalışmaya kronik periodontitis tanısı konmuş, sigara içen 17 (yaş ortalaması 44,6 ± 6.0) hasta ile sigara içmeyen 18 (yaş ortalaması 42,3 ± 3,2) hasta olmak üzere toplam 35 birey dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik değerlendirilmesinde başlangıç ve 1. ayda plak indeksi (P3) ve gingival indeks (G3), sondalama cep derinliği (SCD), klinik ataşman seviyesi (AS) ölçümleri yapıldı. Üst çene anterior bölgeden cep derinliği 94mm sahip 4 bölgeden dişeti oluğu sıvısı toplandı. DOS örneklerinin MPO içeriği, kinetik spektrofotometrik yöntemle tayin edildi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular:&lt;/strong&gt; Başlangıçta sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplar arasında klinik parametreler açısından fark bulunamadı. Periodontal tedavi sonrasında başlangıca göre klinik parametrelerde sigara içen ve içmeyen grupta anlamlı derecede azalma gözlendi. Periodontal tedavi sonrasında sigara içen gruba göre sigara içmeyen grupta daha fazla iyileşme gözlendi. DOS MPO aktivitesinde tedavi sonrasında sigara içmeyen grupta anlamlı derecede azalma gözlenirken sigara içen grupta fark gözlenmedi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuç:&lt;/strong&gt; Bu çalışmanın sınırları içerisinde, sigaranın periodontal tedavi sonrasında iyileşmeyi olumsuz yönde etkilediği gözlenmiştir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar kelimeler:&lt;/strong&gt; Myeloperoksidaz, sigara, periodontitis&lt;/p&gt;

Mushroom poisoning is still a serious health problem for Turkey. The mushroom species which cause fatal mushroom poisoning have been reported to contain at least 98% alpha-amanitin. The knowledge of the poisonous mushroom species including alpha- amanitin is important for the treatment and prevention of these poisonings. In this review, the mushrooms containig alpha-amanitin and causing deadly mushroom poisinings were listed and given information about their poisonus effects. According to literature, nine poisonous mushroom species which include alpha-amanitin have so far been reported from Turkey. These are Lepiota brunneoincarnata; Lepiota castanea; Lepiota helveola; Lepiota subincarnata; Amanita phalloides; Amanita verna; Amanita virosa; Conocybe filaris and Galerina marginata.

Fitness centres, especially in developed nations are means of exercising in a controlled environment that offers customised training facilities, along with helping the members to socialise. Although services and the rates differ from one to another, they a ll work with the same principal - obtaining membership of the attendants, longer the membership, better for both parties : members and club owners alike . This article will explore the fitness industry in Turkey briefly, by providing background information about the participants of the research. It will then move into portraying their involvement level with the fitness activities. Finally, the paper will pre sent a summary and recommendations sections, based on the research findings. The data for the article collected from members of a fitness club in Adana during the 6 months period of time. Out of 200 questionnaires left, 79 returned by the participants, who were the members of the fitness club under scrutiny.

Objective: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common disease characterized by the presence of erythematous plaques with oily-yellow desquamation. The chronic nature of disease, periods of remission and exacerbation and lack of efficient treatment modalities may cause impairment of quality of life of the patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of seborrheic dermatitis on the quality of life of the patients.Methods: Sixty-five patients with seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled the study. Patients were asked to fill HAD, Skindex-29 and DLQI. Kolmogorov Smirnov, correlation, chi square and Kruskal Wallis were used in statistical analyses. All analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows v 11.5.Results: DLQI scores were moderately positive correlated with HAD-A and HAD-D scores, while strongly positive correlated with Skindex-29 scores. Seborrheic dermatitis negatively impact emotional condition of patients (p<0.05).Conclusion: Seborrheic dermatitis negatively affects quality of life, and the greater the impairment of quality of life due to seborrheic dermatitis, the greater the level of anxiety and depression.

Adenotonsillectomy is one of the frequently performed surgical procedures in children and the most common complications of this procedure are bleeding and respiratory insufficiency. Here, we present a 20-month-old boy who was born prematurely. He underwent adenotonsillectomy and bilateral grommet insertion due to recurrent tonsilitis, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The patient required a prolonged intensive care unit stay due to postoperative respiratory insufficiency. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the potential complications of adenotonsillectomy. (The Medical Bulletin of Haseki 2013;51:193-6)

The first known study on the physical growth of children in Ottomans was “Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi” by Nafi Atuf (Kansu) in 1917 which was on the students living in Bursa. As a result of literature review, we reached the book named “Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı?” written by Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman in 1335/1916 in Ottoman Turkish and the transliteration of the book was done by us. With the scope of this study, the content of the book and the data on the author were simplified in accordance with today’s Turkish by keeping to the original. In addition, the book was evaluated with regards to physical anthropology, the history of medicine and sociology. In the book which is one of the first pre-republican physical anthropological studies, the author deals with the factors affecting stature, weight, growth and development in order to raise healthier generations. On the other hand, by the subject of the study (to raise healthier generations) the approache of the author related to race and eugenics was evaluated in his period.   Özet Osmanlılarda çocukların fiziksel büyümesi üzerine literatürde bilinen ilk çalışma Nafi Atuf (Kansu) tarafından 1917 yılında Bursa’da yaşayan öğrenciler üzerine yapılan, Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi adlı çalışmadır. Bununla birlikte tarafımızdan yapılan literatür taramasında, Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman’ın 1335/1916 yılında Osmanlıca olarak kaleme aldığı Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı? adlı kitabına ulaşılmış ve eserin transliterasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında eserin içeriği ve yazarı hakkında bilgiler, eserin aslına bağlı kalınarak günümüz Türkçesine uygun biçimde sadeleştirilmiş ve fizik antropoloji, tıp ve toplumbilim tarihi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Cumhuriyet öncesi ilk fizik antropoloji çalışmalarından biri olma özelliğini taşıyan eserde, yazar genel hatlarıyla, daha sağlıklı nesillerin yetiştirilebilmesi için boy, kilo ve büyüme-gelişmeyi etkileyen faktörleri ele almıştır. Beslenme, geçim tarzı, toplumun fiziki ve kültürel çevreye uyarlanması gibi konuları içeren eser, toplum ve çocuk sağlığı konularına ilişkin bilgilerde içermektedir. Diğer taraftan çalışmanın konusu gereği (daha sağlıklı nesiller yetiştirmek) çalışmacının ırk, ırk ıslahı ve kontrolüne (öjeni) ilişkin yaklaşımı kendi dönemi içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Oil industry, one of the most prominent figures of energy market of Turkey, is also considered among driving powers behind the country’s economy. The competition among petrol stations in oil industry is quite profound both in local and global dimensions. It is of vital importance for petrol stations to set their strategies of brand positioning so that they can ensure consumer loyalty and brand continuity and attract new consumers. This study aims at identifying consumer perception regarding petrol stations through multidimensional scaling analysis in order to determine how petrol stations position their brands. To that end, the consumers were asked to evaluate the similarities and differences among five most known petrol station brands in Turkey with regards to some dimensions in consequence of the data acquired from the literature research. Thus, stations with great resemblance and those with no relevance were determined as a result of the study. Multidimensional scaling analysis allows petrol stations to conduct their own self-assessments in consideration of their positions in the market. It was found that for nearly all criteria consumers perceive Petrol Ofisi and Opet as brands which they never give preference to one another while other stations (Total, BP and Shell) might be given preference to one another. However, Shell was perceived distinctively with only regards to its image/style and credit card offers.

Laugier Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is a rare, acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by macular melonotic pigmentation of the oral mucous membranes and lips frequently associated with longitudinal melanonychia. LHS is known to be an entirely benign condition with no underlying systemic abnormalities or malignant predisposition. However, it is very important to make a differential diagnosis with other mucocutaneous pigmentary disorders which require detailed examination, treatment and follow up. LHS is seen very rarely and to our knowledge, approximately 100 cases have been described in the literature, to date. There are only seven cases reported from the our country, based on the literature search in PubMed and Turkish Dermatological journals, avaliable on the web. Herein we report a 54-year-old woman diagnosed as having LHS, with hyperpigmented macular lesions of the tongue, lip, buccal mucosa, gingiva and palms and soles.

herapeutic relationship is a professional relationship that has been structured based on theoretical props. This relationship is a complicated, wide and unique relationship which develops between two people, where both sides' personality and attitudes inevitably interfere. Therapist-client relationship experienced through transference and counter transference, especially in psychodynamic approaches, is accepted as the main aspect of therapeutic process. However, the approaches without dynamic/deterministic tendency also take therapist-client relationship into account seriously and stress uniqueness of interaction between two people. Being a person and a human naturally sometimes may negatively influence the relationship between the therapist and client and result in a relationship going out of the theoretical frame at times. As effective components of a therapeutic process, the factors that stem from being human include the unique personalities of the therapist and the client, their values and their attitude either made consciously or subconsciously. Literature has shown that the human-related factors are too effective to be denied in therapeutic relationship process. Ethical and theoretical knowledge can be inefficient to prevent the negative effects of these factors in therapeutic process at which point a deep insight and supervision would have a critical role in continuing an acceptable therapeutic relationship. This review is focused on the reflection of some therapeutic factors resulting from being human and development of counter transference onto the therapeutic process.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons for referral to the hospital and 112 emergency ambulance service uses patterns of the inmates and convicts in an E type prison. Material and Method: In this descriptive study, it was evaluated the prison records associated with referral to the hospital and 112 emergency ambulance service uses for one year in 2010- 2011. Of the statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Fisher%u2019s Exact Test were used. Results: All inmates and convicts were man, the median of age was 30,0 (min 18- max 68) years and substance use was 34,5%. The number of prisoners were referred to the hospital 815, total referrals were 1491; (referrals ranged from one to six) and most common in January; and according to frequency, reasons of the referral were eyes problems, musculoskeletal disorders and psychological problems. Emergency medical service was used for in medical causes (78,3%), accident, trauma and injuries (16,4%), suicide (5,3%). Discussion: Findings from the study show that prisoners are more likely to have suffered physical and mental health problems that compared to the rest of society and have significantly high substance use rates.

Objective: Compulsive hoarding is a syndrome characterised by excessive collecting and saving behaviour that results in cluttered living space and significant distress or impairment. This study set out to gain a greater understanding of the personal experiences of compulsive hoarders in addition to attaining their evaluations of attending a therapy group. Method: Using a participatory photography methodology, a purposive sample of 12 members of a hoarding therapy group were recruited. Participants were asked to take photographs which best captured their hoarding problems. The photographs were then used to encourage narrative dialogue in a subsequent semi structured interview. Results: Seven key themes emerged from the data including: Feelings of isolation and vulnerability, lifestyle disruption, losing and misplacing, clutter and metaphor, rationalisation of the acquisition of hoarded items, failed previous support and the benefits of a therapy support group. Conclusion: The study concluded that the experience of hoarding is both psychologically and physically distressing with numerous impacts upon everyday living and relationships. The study also concluded that visual research methods may be particularly helpful when generating qualitative evidence within this specialist field.

The impacts of extension contact on income of farmers have been examined with a view to evaluate the agricultural extension services in Bangladesh. The scope of the study was ten villages of Gazipur of Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to identify the effect of extension contact on crop income, livestock income, fisheries income, miscellaneous income, total agricultural income, nonagricultural income and total income of farmers. The sample of the study consists of 1000 farmers. Data came from field survey and multistage random sampling technique was used for the collection of data. The results indicated that the impacts of extension contact coefficients on crop income, nonagricultural income are positive and significant. However, the impacts of extension contact coefficients are not significant in the cases of livestock, fisheries, miscellaneous and agricultural incomes. But it does not mean that agricultural extension has no reward in Bangladesh. The sample data indicates that the impact of extension contact on total income of farmers is positive and significant. The study concludes that agricultural extension is necessary to raise the income of farmers.

Sjögren’s syndrome is a relatively common autoimmune disorder, affecting 2–3% of the adult population. It is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the exocrine glands. Neurologic involvement occurs in approximately 20% of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome. Affected central nervous system may show similar clinical and radiological findings as in multiple sclerosis. In these cases, early diagnosis and treatment for the sjögren has a great importance for the prognosis of the disease. In this article we present a 25 year-old patient who visited the emergency room with epilepsia seizure. In this paper, a 25-year-old patient is discussed who was referred with the complaint of seizure, there was tumefactive multiple sclerosis like lesions in brain imaging studies and was diagnosed with Sjogren’s syndrome.

Purpose: Open pyeloplasty is the gold standard treatment of uretero-pelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis. Although failure after open pyeloplasty or uretero-neosistosmy is not common, percutaneous or endoscopic interventions must be necessary in some cases. We present treatment of 6 pediatric patients by balloon dilatation after failed surgery. Material and Methods: Between 2008 and 2013 6 children were treated. Five patients had undergone open pyeloplasty for UP stenosis and, one has uretero-vesical anastomosis stricture after ureteroneosistostomy. Percutaneous antegrade balloon dilatation and double J stent placement were performed in three of six patients. In the other three patients retrograde endoscopic balloon dilatation and double J stent placement were performed. Results: Primary technical success was %50 and %100 for antegrade and retrograde approach respectively. Antegrade approach has failed in 3 patients (%50) and, retrograde approach and treatment were successful in all of these patients. Secondary and tertiary balloon dilatations were done through antegrade approach in 3 patients. Mean duration of double J stent was 114 days. As of today, five patients are followed smoothly. One patient who has UP stenosis underwent secondary open surgery. Conclusion: Balloon dilatation can be used safely in both antegrade and retrograde approaches because of lower profile of balloon catheters, so it could be considered as a first line treatment option after failed surgical treatment of upper urinary tract stenosis in children. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(2.000): 311-316]

This study explores parents’ influence on children’s physical activity (PA) in urban green spaces (UGS). In this study, “children” includes both younger children and adolescents, ages 1-18. Data (n= 422) were collected through face-to-face personal interviews with parents between April 1 and May 31, 2015 in city of Aydın, Turkey. We analyzed associations between parents’ physical co-activity, frequency and duration of parents’ PA with children and frequency and duration of children’s PA with bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analyses while controlling for children’s age and sex, parent’s marital status, education level, occupation, and household income level. Results showed that closer distance to UGS from home was associated with more frequency of children’s PA, whereas parents’ participation in children’s PA was negatively associated with children’s PA. On the other hand, frequency of parents’ PA with children was positively associated with frequency of children’s PA while duration of parents’ PA with children was positively associated with duration of children’s PA. We also found older children were negatively associated with frequency of children’s PA, whereas household income was positively associated with frequency and duration of children’s PA while more educated parents were negatively associated with frequency and duration of children’s PA. The findings indicate that “physically more active parents bring up physically more active children.”

Cover of Volume 3/3

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in all types of choroidal neovascularization that developed secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Materials and Methods: We enrolled ninety-four eyes of 92 patients with previously untreated neovascular age-related macular degeneration who underwent intravitreal ranibizumab injection and were followed for at least 12 months. All of the patients underwent a complete examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Snellen), biomicroscopy, and dilated fundus examination at preoperatively and postoperative follow-up visits. Number of injections and frequency of follow-up visits per year were evaluated. Size, location, and type of the lesions were evaluated by fluorescein angiography (FA). Pre- and postoperative changes in lesion size, central macular and foveal thickness measured by OCT were compared. Results: A total of 92 patients (36 women and 56 men) with a mean age of 69.1±11.0 years were evaluated. Mean follow-up time was 14.6±3.44 (12-25) months, and mean number of injections was 4.9±1.81 (3-12). The average annual number of follow-up visits was 9.2±1.02 (8-12). Patients’ mean best-corrected visual acuity increased by 12.1 letters. The lesion size was 3.27±0.95 µm at pre-treatment period and improved to 2.72±1.15 µm in post-treatment period measured by FA (p=0.006). Leakage was still detected in ten patients at final follow-up visit. Statistically significant decrease in macular and foveal thickness was recorded in all post-treatment measurements compared to pre-treatment ones. Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab treatment is efficient and safe in all types of choroidal neovascularization that develops secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Flexible dosing interval increases the patient compliance and anatomical and functional success rate. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 356-60)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship link working capital management and performance such as profitability between accountant receivable period, accountant payable period and cash conversion cycle on Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) during the last ten years.This paper examines the relationship between working capital management and profitability. A sample of 120 Turkish manufacturing firms listed on ISE for a period 10 years from 2003 to 2012 was selected. Multiple linear regression models have been used to find out the relationship between working capital management and firm performance in the context of Turkey. The findings of this paper show a significant and negative relationship between account receivable period and return on asset, return on equity, operating profit margin and net profit margin in the manufacturing industry. We expect that managers can create value for shareholders by reducing accountant receivable period, accountant payable period, cash conversion cycle.

This study is to show that there is a relationship between temperature qradients of time dependent heat conduction problems with and without phase change in the same medium. The solidification problem is solved by using analytical and numerical methods for three different types of boundary conditions in cartesian geometry. The results are correlated with the results of problems without phase change. These results have been found to be correlated with multiple correlation coefficients ranging between 0.98 and 1.00, which is statistically significant.

Nephrology professionals have selected continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as the best initial therapy for patients who have chronic renal failure. Among complications, peritonitis continues to be one of the most important complications of CAPD. The typical spectrum of organisms causing peritonitis include Gram-positives (67%), Gram-negative rods (28%), fungi (2.5%), and anaerobics (2.5 %). Among Gram-negative bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter species, and Enterobacter are the most seen pathogens. In this report, we present a case of CAPD peritonitis due to Morganella morganii. To our knowledge, this presentation is the second report of CAPD peritonitis due to M. morganii.

Medical libraries play important roles in classifying, storing andproviding access to medical information. Medical libraries are in steady development ever since 1850’s. This study reviews the formation of associations among modern medical libraries, and also refers to the medical and health science library associations in Turkey. In that connection, a mention was also made to the work of the ÜNAK Medical and Health Sciences Working Group.

The study uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique to evaluate the growth rates of three agricultural export crops (cocoa, palm kernel and palm oil) in Nigeria between1970-2009. The result reveals that growth rates in export of these crops are higher in the financial sector reform period than in the pre-financial sector reform period except in palm kernel and are statistically significant at 5% probability level. This therefore suggests the need to enhance the production of these crops through provision of basic farm inputs, extension, proper financing as well as pursue policies that will encourage exportation and discourage the importation of these crops as the way out.

In this study, processing of bank lending channel in Turkey was tested with the help of vector auto regression (VAR) method by using 1990:01-2008:11 period monthly data. Processing of bank lending channel was investigated on the basis of two different monetary policy variables. According to the empirical findings of the study, on the contrary overnight interest rate, money supply was found to be a more effective monetary policy variable. In case of controling money supply, Central Bank can operate effectively bank credit channels and therefore the amount of output and inflation is going to be directed more easily. In this context it can be said that the processing of the bank lending channel is effective in Turkey.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The bond strength and elongation amount of different soft lining materials were evaluated in the current study.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following the flasking of wax specimens in dental stone, wax removal and processing of polymethylmetacrylate (Meliodent) denture material, 3 different soft relining materials (Molloplast-B, Mollosil Plus, Vertex Soft) were placed within the space prepared in the center of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) specimens (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;=8). Using a crosshead speed of 5mm/min, tensile test was continued until failure was occurred. Mean tensile strength (MPa) and mean elongation (mm) was measured. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test (&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;=0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Significant differences were found among the tensile bond strength results (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). The highest bond strength value was observed for acrylic base soft lining material (1.6 (0.2) MPa), while the lowest value was observed for autopolymerized silicon based material (0.9 (0.1) MPa). A significant difference was not found between the heat polymerized acrylic and the silicon based soft lining materials. All three materials showed similar values in terms of elongation amounts (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). The elongation amounts were 6 (2.1) mm for acrylic based soft lining material, 7.1 (1.8) mm for autopolymerized silicon soft lining material and 4.8 (2.3) mm for heat polymerized silicon material.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; No significant difference was found between the heat polymerized acrylic and the silicone based soft lining materials. Autopolymerizing silicone based soft lining material has the lowest bond strength value. No significant difference was found for elongation amounts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.google.com.tr/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CBcQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozetkitap.com%2F&amp;amp;ei=8jOuTIzhB9fQ4wb_0OiHBg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGuJMT9pBO6jP7uiv_4dsYurtJfDg"&gt;Ö&lt;/a&gt;ZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç:&lt;/strong&gt; Bu çalışmada farklı yumuşak astar malzemelerinin akrilik kaideye bağlanma dayanımları ve uzama oranları değerlendirilmiştir.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem: &lt;/strong&gt; Mum örneklerin mufla içine gömülmesi, mum atımı ve polimetilmetakrilat (Meliodent) kaide materyalinin tepimini takiben üç farklı yumuşak astar materyali (Molloplast-B, Mollosil Plus, Vertex Soft)  mufla içerisindeki polimetilmetakrilat (PMMA) örneklerin ortasında oluşturulan boşluklara yerleştirildi (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;=8). Çekme testi üniversal test cihazında 5mm/dak hızla örneklerde kopma meydana gelene kadar devam ettirildi. Ortalama çekme dayanımı (MPa) ve ortalama uzama miktarları (mm) ölçüldü. Sonuçlar tek-yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi (&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;=0,05).&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular: &lt;/strong&gt;Farklı astar materyallerinin çekme dayanımları arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli fark bulunmuştur (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0,05). Akril kaideye en yüksek bağlanma dayanımı akrilik esaslı yumuşak astar materyalinde  (1,6 (0,2) MPa), en düşük bağlanma dayanımı ise otopolimerize silikon esaslı yumuşak astar materyalinde (0,9 (0,1) MPa) bulunmuştur.  Isı ile polimerize olan akrilik ve silikon esaslı yumuşak astar materyallerinin bağlanma dayanımları arasında fark bulunamamıştır. Üç materyalin uzama miktarları arasında anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;gt;0,05). Uzama miktarı akrilik esaslı yumuşak astar materyali için 6 (2,1) mm, otopolimerize silikon materyali için 7,1 (1,8) mm, ısı ile polimerize olan silikon materyali için ise 4,8 (2,3) mm bulunmuştur.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuç: &lt;/strong&gt;Isı ile polimerize olan akrilik ve silikon esaslı   yumuşak astar  malzemelerinin  bağlanma dayanımları değerleri birbirine çok yakındır. Otopolimerizan silikon esaslı yumuşak astar materyalinin bağlanma dayanımı daha düşüktür. Grupların uzama miktarları açısından bir fark bulunamamıştır.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar kelimler: &lt;/strong&gt;Yumuşak astar, kaide materyali, bağlanma dayanımı, uzama miktarı&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

There are serious problems in Turkish teaching as native language and foreign language. These problems are based on curriculums (primary school Turkish lesson curriculum, Turkish Education undergraduate curriculum), textbooks and source books, institutions about the subject area, instructors, students… etc.In this article, difficulties and problems in Turkish teaching as native and foreign language determined from observations and studies/articles about subject area presented to care. <br> <br> Türkçenin ana dili ve yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde ciddi sorunlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu sorunlar temelde programlardan (ilköğretim Türkçe dersi programlarından, Türkçe öğretmenliği lisans programından), takip edilen kitaplardan, öğretim metotlarından, alanla ilgili kurumlardan, öğretim elemanlarından, öğrencilerden… vd. kaynaklanmaktadır.Makalede, Türkçenin ana dili ve yabancı dil olarak öğretimi sırasında karşılaşılan güçlükler ve sorunlar gözlemlerden ve konuyla ilgili olarak hazırlanmış çalışmalardan/yayınlardan hareketle dikkatlere sunulmuştur.

Küreselleşme ve teknolojik ilerlemelerin etkisiyle yeniden yapılanan dünya ekonomisinde köklü değişikliler yaşanmakta ve bu değişim çalışma ilişkileri ile emek piyasalarını da derinden etkilemektedir. Küreselleşmenin temel aktörleri olan şirketlerin, serbest piyasa koşullarına uyum sağlamak ve rekabet güçlerini korumaya çalışmak adına uyguladıkları yöntemler, işgücü açısından daha esnek uygulamaları gündeme getirmektedir. Emek piyasalarının esnekleşmesiyle değişen iş güvencesi ve sosyal güvenlik anlayışının yeniden tanımlandığı bu dönüşümde güvenceli esneklik kavramı, tartışmaların anahtar kelimesini oluşturmaktadır. Güvenceli esneklik işverenlerin esneklik arayışlarını, buna karşılık çalışanların güvence gereksinimlerini karşılama hedefi ni sağlamaya yönelik sosyal taraflar arasında uzlaşıyı gerekli kılan bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de de sıkça tartışılan kavramın, sosyal güvenlik sistemimizin esnek çalışanlar için güvenceli esneklik alanı oluşturma düzeyi çerçevesinde açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of different types of alginate impression materials.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and Method: &lt;/strong&gt;Cavex CA37, A3KROM, ALGINPLUS FAST ve ORALGHINE alginate impression materials were used. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, alginates were mixed with serum physiological to obtain alginate specimens. Specimens were&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;performed in sterile with ethylene oxide gas and then placed on to the L929 fibroblast cell culture. According to the 1999 ISO 10993-5 protochols, cytotoxicity were determined by means of agar overley test.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;According to the lisis of the cells, ORALGH&amp;lt;NE and Cavex CA37; 4-4-4-5-5, ALGINPLUS and A3KROM; 2-3-3-3-2 were determined. Values of the cytotoxicity were determined 4,4 for ORALGH&amp;lt;NE and Cavex CA37, whereas 2,6 for ALGINPLUS and A3KROM.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Cytotoxicity degree of the alginates were different because of the composition of the alginates. It was determined that ORALGHINE and Cavex CA37 were severely cytotoxic, ALGINPLUS and A3KROM were moderately cytotoxic.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ÖZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç: &lt;/strong&gt;Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, farklı tipteki aljinat ölçü maddelerini sitotoksisite yönünden değerlendirmektir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem: &lt;/strong&gt;Farklı tipteki dört aljinat, Cavex CA37, A3KROM, ALGINPLUS FAST ve ORALGHINE, üretici firmaların talimatlar doğrultusunda belirtilen oranlarda, serum fizyolojik ile karıştırılarak aljinat numuneleri hazırlandı. Hazırlanan numuneler etilen oksit gazıyla steril edildi ve L929 fibroblast hücre serisi kullanılarak elde edilen kültüre yerleştirildi. Agar overley testi kullanılarak sitotoksisitenin belirlenmesinde ISO 1999 yıl 10993-5 numaral protokolü takip edildi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular: &lt;/strong&gt;Hücrelerin lizis miktarına göre yapılan puanlama değerleri ORALGHINE ve Cavex CA37 için; 4-4-4-5-5, ALGINPLUS ve A3KROM için; 2-3-3-3-2 olarak tespit edildi. Sitotoksisite değerleri de ORALGHINE ve Cavex CA37 için 4.4, ALGINPLUS ve A3KROM için ise 2.6 olarak bulundu.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuçlar: &lt;/strong&gt;İçerik farklılığına bağlı olarak aljinatlarn sitotoksisite değerleri farklılık göstermiştir. ORALGHINE ve Cavex CA37’nin belirgin derecede sitotoksik olduğu, ALGINPLUS ve A3KROM’ un ise makul derecede sitotoksik olduğu belirlendi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Anahtar kelimeler: &lt;/strong&gt;Sitotoksisite, aljinat.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of novel hybrid ceramic material repaired with a composite resin. MATERIALS and METHOD: CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic (VITA Enamic) specimens were prepared. The bonding surface was abraded with 600, 800 and 1200 grit SiC papers, and treated with air abrasion of 50 µm alumina particles. The specimens were assigned to four groups (n=12). G1: etching with 34% phosphoric acid + bonding with Adper Single Bond 2, G2: etching with 8% hydrofluoric acid + silane application + bonding with Adper Single Bond 2, G3: etching with 34% phosphoric acid + bonding with Single Bond Universal, G4: etching with 8% hydrofluoric acid + silane application + bonding with Single Bond Universal. Composite resin was build up on pretreated specimens and light-polymerized. The specimens were thermocycled 1000 times between 5±2 °C and 55±2 °C. Shear bond strength test was done by using a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were statistically analyzed with One Way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests. Results: Comparison of the shear bond strength among groups revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between G1 and G3 (p=0.591). Statistically significant differences were found between G1 and G2 (p=0.024), and G1 and G4 (p=0.013). Adhesive failure was observed in all groups. Conclusion: Hydrofluoric acid etching reduced the composite resin to hybrid ceramic shear bond strength. Etching with phosphoric acid followed by bonding with Adper Single Bond 2 or Single Bond Universal positively influenced the bond strength of composite resin to hybrid ceramic.

This research is done to identify the capacities of social studies candidate teachers’ about utilizing from questions in in-class teaching. Research is a descriptive study. Data were gathered by observing of social sstudies candidate teachers’ by other teacher candidates. Data gathering tool is preparing questions, asking questions and giving feedback. It was developed by researcher. Reliability coefficient of data gathering tool was determined as Cronbach alpha 0, 8616. Mean, standard deviation, one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Scheffe test were applied on data. The end of the research, it was detected that social studies candidate teachers have some problems about the capacity of preparing qualified questions, asking questions and giving feedback. Teacher candidates don’t pay attention to the students’ intelligence and knowledge levels while preparing questions. It is determined that the number of questions used effectively during a lesson period is 16-20. According to this situation, social studies candidate teachers need education about utilizing questions in teaching process.

Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL), despite being one of the common causes of cervical myelopathy in Asian subjects it also can be seen less in other races. Although OPLL etiology is still unclear, it is considered to be related to genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. As OPLL; that is encountered as a distinct clinical entity in the formation of cervical myelopathy; may not cause any symptom, it also can be presented with a serie of clinical symptoms like progressive neurological damage and disturbance of balance and gait. Direct X-ray, CT and MRI are important auxiliary method in terms of OPLL diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up. In patients with no progressive neurological damage or mild symptoms of myelopathy conservative approach can be successful in the treatment. However, surgical approach is the main in patients with progressive myelopathy, the choice of surgical technique is still quite controversial. We therefore offer to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of OPLL that induced cervical myelopathy in our old aged male Turkish patient.

Tropoelastin molekülünün en önemli tekrar motifi olan Val–Pro-Gly-Val-Gly diziliminin sıvı içindeki yapısı multikanonik simülasyon yöntemi ile elde edilmistir ve düsük enerjili ve termodinamik olarak kararlı yapıları belirlenmistir. Sıvı teriminin yapılar üstündeki etkisi Ramachandran grafikleri ile analiz edilmistir. Sıvı teriminin moleküle esneklik getirdigi, vakum içinde çok sınırlı bir bölgeye hapsolmus bulunan konfigürasyonların sıvı içinde degistigi gözlenmistir. Sıvı içinde besli-peptidin sahip oldugu en düsük enerji degeri belirlenmistir.

The purpose of this paper is to unveil how Peter McLaren’s revolutionary brand of pedagogy, multiculturalism, and research colored my two-year qualitative research study, which unearthed twenty White female future teachers’ experiences and perceptions in relationship to computing technology and male-centered computing culture. His ideas positioned me to see beyond technocentric discourses generated by political, economic, and education leaders, as I was enabled to pinpoint how larger social relations of power perpetuates computing technology as a “boy’s toy,” designed to amass wealth and power for elite White male corporate leaders at the expense of the vast majority of global citizens. His scholarship also proved to be a source of courage and inspiration that critical research has the potency to bludgeon unjust practices that perpetuate women’s and girl’s technological reticence, to fuel the corporate takeover of teacher education, and to perpetuate Western imperialism, environmental degradation, and hopelessness across the globe. Not coincidently, the critical study served as an educative space for several pre-service teachers. They uncovered how several constitutive forces merge with unjust practices to create women’s and girl’s computing reticence as well as perpetuate women’s marginalization in schools, the business world, and in other social contexts. They appear to possess the critical mindset and courage to create classrooms practices bent on forging an egalitarian society.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of 23-gauge (23-G) transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) in eyes with posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract surgery. Material and Method: In this retrospective study, we evaluated 6 eyes of 6 consecutive cases with posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens after cataract surgery between April 2007 and November 2010. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, detailed fundus examination and details of surgery were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.7 years and the mean follow-up was 5.5 months (3-12 months). All eyes received 23-G TSV. Dislocated IOL was removed from the vitreous and implanted into ciliary sulcus in 2 eyes (33.3%) with polymethylmetacrilate IOL and in 4 eyes (66.7%) with 3-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL. In 5 of the 6 eyes (83.7%), visual acuity improved postoperatively. In one eye (16.7%), elevation of intraocular pressure was observed postoperatively and controlled by topical treatment. Discussion: 23-G TSV surgery may be used in eyes with posteriorly IOLs after cataract surgery. Studies with a larger number of patients would better demonstrate the efficacy of this method. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 213-6)

Kitap Tanıtımı

In Turkey, there have been ongoing discussions on the following issues: The role of religion in social life; the relevance of modernization activities, which the government endeavours to actualize through its institutions, and religion; especially the extent that religious thought and lifestyle is affected from modernization activities as well as the extent that these areas affect modernization activities; or whether there is an interaction between religious thought and modernization; and the historical and sociological background of all the abovementioned. It is possible to say that these secularism-oriented discussions will continue to be on the agenda for a long time in Turkey. The discussions on secularism cover modernization and approaches and debates in the issue on the one hand, while it includes religion and the relevance and position of religion to modernization on the other hand. When the contemporary discussions in Turkey on secularism are considered, it is possible to mention Şerif Mardin and İsmail Kara as outstanding names. There are similarities in the approaches of these two intellectuals in certain issues on the subject as well as conflicts in some issues. In this study, moving from their works and the discussions they have been part of, the approaches of these two intellectuals on the issue is discussed and assessed. Furthermore, since Şerif Mardin has more studies to be examined within the context of our subject, more of his views are included in the study.

Aim: Halitosis is an unpleasant alteration of the halitus. The aim of the study is to assess the quality of sexual life of males with and without halitosis. Material and Method: Males between 20-50 years old; with a complaint of halitosis; married and able to complete the study were included in the study. The control group were healthy, adult, married males who have normal otorhinolaryngologic examination. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire(IIEF) were used to assess the quality of sexual life&nbsp; of males with halitosis and the results were compared with a similar group of healthy men. Results: A total of 80 adult subjects completed the study. When the groups were compared in terms of age, body mass index(BMI) and duration of marriage, they were similar (p=0.65, p= 0.20, p= 0.08 respectively).The halitosis group had significantly lower scores for all function domains (p=0.0001).There was no correlation between degree of halitosis and the scores of IIEF (p&lt; 0.05). Discussion: This is the first study investigating the sexual health of males with halitosis. Halitosis not only effects oral health status but also strongly declines quality of life. The otorhinolaryngologist must not only treat halitosis but also help the patient to stand up to social and sexual problems concomitting halitosis.

In the recent years India’s agricultural sector has experienced significant changes in institutional and policy interventions and productivity at the national and sub-national levels. But although overall production has increased growth has slowed down, inter-state and intra-state disparities continue to remain very high and even widened in some cases. Using Principal Component Analysis technique and constructing district-wise agricultural development indices, this paper analyses the spatio-temporal variations in agricultural development in Odisha , India for 3 years over the period 2001-02 to 2011-12, identifies the underlying factors, examines inter-relationships and draws policy implications for improving the agricultural situation. Increasing public investment in agricultural infrastructure including irrigation, establishing appropriate farming systems , developing suitable and affordable technology and crop varieties, augmenting credit delivery and designing region and crop-specific plans and strategies are suggested for moderating spatial inequalities and achieving a less unbalanced regional development in agriculture.

Rib fractures are usually seen after a trauma, while atraumatic spontaneous rib fractures are quite rare. A first rib fracture identified in our 17 years old female patient who had not a history of trauma except lifting a heavy weight was examined in details in terms of the potential complications and followed-up for a long time. We presented our experience on this case with atraumatic first rib fracture that has different views for the etiology in light of the literature.

The aim of this article is to learn whether database marketing is used as a tool of knowledge management, and to investigate its applications among Turkish ready to wear retailers. The retailers who use knowledge technologies can collect and turn data into useful information and knowledge, and then use them in database marketing systems. This study investigates whether ready to wear retailers have such database marketing systems, and how they set up and work these systems if they have one. There is no doubt that businesses in the information technologies sector would be interested in the topic and the results.

Unilateraly pulmonary agenesis is an extremely rare documented congenital anomaly. It may be defined as total absence of the pulmonary parencilyma, its vascular supporting structure, and bronchi beyond the bifurcation. The present case with reconstructed images is one of the different cases of agenesis reported in the literature.

Attitudes of students who used Anadolu University central library were examined by means of a questionnaire, which was applied to 353 students. The results indicate that five factors (being expressed through 13 items) had substantial effects on book choice. They were the kinds of cover and paper being used, characteristics of dimensions and writing style, drawings and pictures, shape and colour of the cover, and the table of contents and references.The results indicated that kind of cover and paper, and drawings within the text were statistically significant in determining the selection of book genres. Findings also comprised that book gender and academic study areas affect the choices concerning table of contents and references. Conclusions that might be drawn are apt to imply clues for publishers on matters that attract attention by the production of a new book.

This study was conducted to determine first age reproduction characteristics of indigenous Kıvırcık, Sakız and Gökçeada sheep breeds and growth performances of ewe lambs which have been kept in Bandırma Sheep Research Station (BSRS). The data of reproduction characteristics of ewes and growth characteristics of lambs were collected on 15 Kıvırcık, 8 Sakız and 10 Gökçeada ewes, and on 16 Kıvırcık, 12 Sakız and 11 Gökçeada lambs, respectively. After the lambs completed their fifth month ages, estrus detection was carried out with a teaser ram twice a day with 12 hour intervals. For the Kıvırcık, Sakız and Gökçeada lambs, the first oestrus weights were 37.93, 33.35 and 29.75 kg; first oestrus ages were 315, 320 and 337 days; oestrus durations were 30.99, 25.85 and 20.28 hours and the duration of the oestrus cycles were 16.59, 19.91 and 17.76 days, respectively. The birth weights of Kıvırcık, Sakız and Gökçeada lambs were found to be 3.64, 3.91, 3.28 kg; the weaning weight (WW), 31.01, 25.44 and 23.67 kg, the six month live weight (SMLW), 32.87, 26.95 and 24.15 kg, the yearling live weight (YLW), 39.01, 30.95 and 30.27 kg and the average daily weight gain (ADWG), 0.271 0.257 and 0.202 kg, respectively.

In this study that examined traditional Romanian houses located in Balcans, its trying to determined features of Roman structures by giving informations about Roman architecture style of mentioned era. In study, traditional house's facade designs, plan types, technics and materials, doors, windows, roofages and decorations are examined under different titles

In this study, the usage of listening method and techniques (participative listening, nonparticipative listening, listening by taking note, listening by putting himself in the place of narrator, creative listening, selective listening, criticizing listening) in Primary Education Turkish Lesson Education Program and Guide (6th , 7 th and 8th grades) aiming to develop listening skill in secondary school 6th grade Turkish teacher guide books were comparatively evaluated. The universe of the study consists of 6th grade Turkish teacher guide books which were selected for usage under the scope of Turkish lesson in 2012-2013 academic year in the Ministry of National Education Magazine of Communiqués dated 2012 and edition no 2652; while the sampling of the study consists of 3 pieces of 6th grade Turkish teacher guide books (1 of which is published by Ministry of National Education and the 2 of which are published by private sector. In the study, document examination (one of the qualitative research method) was used and the obtained data was shown in tables after converting to quantitative. Suggestions were made based on the data obtained at the end of the study.

The impact of gender on HIV/AIDS is an important dimension in understanding the evolution of the epidemic. HIV/AIDS is one of the vital problems of our century. HIV/AIDS is not merely a medical disease but also is a problem, which possesses economical, cultural, psychological and social dimensions. Women are more vulnerable to HIV than men because of biological and cultural factors. Besides women who carry HIV virus experience difficulty in taking care of their own health, they also carry the burden of possibility that their children and other members of the family might catch HIV virus. Most often, social support is insufficient and the conditions brought by treatment cannot be utilized appropriately due to external interventions. Most of the problems that women under the risk of HIV run into are largely social rather than medical. Many women infected with HIV were isolated because they didn’t get of sufficient social support or didn’t equal time for their care and it is thought that this inequality still continues. An analysis of the impact of gender on HIV/AIDS demonstrates the importance of integrating gender into HIV programming and finding ways to strengthen women by implementing policies and programs that increase their access to education and information. Women's empowerment is vital to reversing the epidemic.

Pur po se: The purpose of this study was to compare the tear properties between the eyes with chronic blepharitis and normal eyes. Ma te ri al and Met hod: We prospectively examined 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients who had symptoms and findings associated with chronic blepharitis and 16 eyes of 16 healthy persons as a control group. Patients with dry eye disease and allergic conjunctivitis or using any topical/systemic drug or wearing contact lens were not included in the study. Tear osmolarity measurement via Tearlab osmolarity system, tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer’s test without anesthesia were applied to all cases, and the measurements of the two groups were compared. Re sults: The mean age of all patients was 30.7±5.5 years (18 male, 18 female). The mean tear osmolarity value was 315.3±18.1 in the chronic blepharitis group, whereas it was 300.0±18.4 mOsm in the control group (P=0.02). The mean BUT was 7.2±4.5 seconds in the chronic blepharitis group and 13.2±3.6 seconds in the control group (P=0.001). The mean Schirmer’s value for the patients with chronic blepharitis was 20.5±7.4 mm and 19.9±8.1 mm in the control group (P=0.84). Dis cus si on: Tear osmolarity was higher and BUT was lower in chronic blepharitis patients, while Schirmer’s test was within normal limits. These findings imply that in chronic blepharitis, lipid and mucin layers get abnormal without any decrease in the tear production. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 346-8)

Kabuki makeup syndrome is characterized by mentalretardation, characteristic facial appearance (ektropion),skeletal abnormalities, joint laxity, short stature. The syndromeis thought to be a consequence of otosomal dominantmutation. Important factors in anesthetical managementof these patients include; difficult airway, cardiologicproblems, obstructive sleeps apne, hypotoni and malignshyperthermia risks. In this case report we aimed to discussanesthesic management of a patient with Kabukisyndrome -a rare clinical entity in our country- . J Clin ExpInvest 2013; 4 (1): 116-118Key words: kabuki makeup, tympanoplasty, general anesthesia

Culture is the transfer of the experiences and living standards shaped by one or several societies to future societies, the defining element of societies aimed at their own characteristics, a combination of successively developed social ways of living and the functioning of social rules. Folk songs, which are considered within aesthetic culture, are important values that are transferred from one society to another and that involve the lives of people living in that society within their verses. Folk songs differ among regions or even among towns within the same region in terms of both their lyrics and their musical elements. In the present study, folk songs of Niğde province, which is located in Central Anatolia, are examined. During the Ottoman reign, Niğde province has been a place of cultural exchange because of being a town under the governance of Konya and being located on the Kayseri-Konya road. For this reason, Niğde folk songs were formed and shaped along this route. Niğde folk songs used in the study were obtained from the through a review of related literature and also through interviews with Turkish folk music authorities. The collected folk songs were classified based on musical elements and the topics expressed in their lyrics. The folk songs that were classified in two groups were presented in tables created based on frequency and percentage distributions of central distribution measurements. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that the literary and musical elements of the folk songs of Niğde province had certain characteristics that could accurately narrate its own culture and suggestions were presented based on these conclusions.

In this paper a complete design procedure for a 500W induction heating system is given. An induction heating system basically consists of a coil and a DC/AC inverter. The use of a single switch resonant inverter, which is operated with Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), allows the switching device to turn off under zero current conditions, therefore switching losses are much reduced. This inverter system transforms the DC into AC for the induction heater coil. The proposed coil design method is applicable to a load of any shape so long as the coil surrounds the workpiece. The basis of this method of coil design is the reduction of the induction heater coil and workpiece to their equivalent resistance and inductance.

Recently, austenitic stainless steel is becoming very important and widely used in the industry due to their superior properties. Therefore, welding process of those has gained popularity in the construction of stainless steel. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes are easily used and more suitable compared with the other welding process for the austenitic stainless steel welding applications. In this study, the effect of shielding gases used in the welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel weldments has been investigated using the knowledge available in the literature. It is stressed in the study that shielding-gas composition has great influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel weldment. The gases of Ar+H2, Ar+CO2, Ar+N2 used for welding process effects on microstructure therefore, mechanical properties of weldments.

Total Hip Artroplasty

Business ethics has not yet taken its place among the “defined” and “clear” concepts in the literature despite the numerous researches made in the last two decades. Gender difference is one the main reasons of this ambivalence.The increased participation of women in the work force is an important trend and this trend has generated research interest in "ethical decision making". For the majority of researchers, men and women differ in how they solve moral dilemmas. As a general result, men are likely to consider moral issues in terms of justice, rules and individual rights. Women, on the other hand, tend to consider such issues in terms of relationship, caring and compassion.In this article, the results of some researches made on this issue are shared and compared. These researches’ results generally show that both perceptions and behaviors of female employees differ from males’. But also, there are some limitations, which force us to think that these differences between genders may change as of cultural and sectoral differences.

<p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the participation of Turkish female athletes in the 2012 London Olympics and its press coverage in the written media. A “document analysis method” was used to collect data. As types of document the Internet editions of the Turkish national newspapers were selected. Document scanning was structured within the news in the national newspapers in the context of the 2012 London Olympic Games between 1 July 2012 and 31 August 2012. Number of news reached in this direction were 22. The methods used to evaluate data included descriptive and content analysis. Data was analyzed using NVIVO-10 qualitative analysis software. In order to ensure reliability and validity in this qualitative study four aspects were used: credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. According to the results, it is possible to say that the female athletes experienced large attention from the written press as bringing many “firsts” to the Turkish sports history through their participation in the 2012 Olympics such as; the number of female athletes being more than the number of male athletes and Turkey is being different in the Islamic world in terms of women sports.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın sporcularımızın 2012 Londra Olimpiyatları’na katılımındaki artışın basında nasıl yer aldığını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada, bilgi içeren yazılı materyallerin analizini kapsayan “doküman incelemesi” yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Doküman taraması 01 Temmuz 2012-31 Ağustos 2012 tarihleri arasında, 2012 Londra Olimpiyat Oyunları hakkındaki ulusal gazete haberleri çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu gazete haberlerinde, 2012 Londra Olimpiyatlarında Türk kadın sporcuların katılımını konu edinen haberler taranmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ulaşılan haber sayısı 22’dir.</p><p> Elde edilen veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi Nvivo 10 nitel analiz programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geçerlik ve güvenirliği sağlamak üzere dört stratejiden yararlanılmıştır. Bu stratejiler inandırıcılık, aktarılabilirlik, tutarlık ve teyit edilebilirliktir. Araştırma sonucunda kadın sporcuların Türk spor tarihi açısından 2012 Olimpiyat’larına katılımının; kadın sporcu sayısının erkeklerden fazla olması ve Türkiye’nin kadın sporu açısından İslam dünyasındaki farklılığı gibi pek çok ilki beraberinde getirmesi sebebiyle basında yer bulduğunu söylemek mümkündür. </p>

The aim of this cross-sectional and descriptive study is to learn the level of knowledge and source of knowledge about family planing, the rate of women using family planning methods and the causes of prefering the used methods of 15-49 years old women living in Duzce Permanent Residences. The population of the study ise 4394 women 15-49 years old. Cluster sampling is used and 280 women included to the study. A questionnaire containg 41 questions about family planning methods usage and the causes of prefer them was applied to women with face to face interview. The rate of 232 married women using effective planning method is 53.4%, traditional methods 24.6%and not using any method 22%. The rate of effective method usage of all 280 women included to the study is 45.7%, traditional 21.1% and not using any method 33.2%. The causes to prefer the methods are 72 women (25.7%) ?reliable?, 33 women (11.8%) ?side effects are less?, and 19 women (6.4%) ?cheap?. All the women who began to use family planing methot by consulting with Health Center has used effective methods. Considering ?cheap? as a cause of prefer the method make us to think that the family planning methods could not be supported to the population unpaid. Using effective methods of all the women who began to use family planing methods by consulting with Health Center puts forward that Health Centers have an effective role in family planning activities. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(5.000): 265-279]

Management concepts in general and management accounting in particular may be studied in three contexts: practical, textbook and research. This paper shows that the three contexts are connected and a common image of management accounting is presented. Drawing from twelve American management accounting textbooks and one research article (2003) that analysed research within management accounting; 24 questions were asked to 130 out of the 200 largest Swedish companies. Results indicate that the major focus of textbooks is calculation. This focus is missing in management accounting research, but interestingly companies do not put a high value on it. It is also possible to identify several relationships showing organizations that encourage employee’s participation and commitment can attain a higher level of satisfaction and performance in relation to budget.

The bases of identities, which are expressions of individuals, groups or communities in terms of who or what they consider themselves to be, differ according to time and the stages of social change. Whereas identities were passed on to individuals by the society in pre-modern times, with modernization, individuals can determine their identities as they like. Identities are detached from their traditional bases in time and new kinds of identities replace them. Communication technologies or media play a significant role in this change. Media organize social or collective identities anew by bringing individual preferences to the foreground. They do this by joining local Networks to global ones. In a sense, they form an eclectic structure by redetermining the points of connection of existing identities. As this eclectic structure provides continuous mobility, individuals can move from one identity to another on the basis of their preferences. Overindividualization brought about by modernization, the eclectic approach of post-modern attitudes and the active nature of network society turn the phenomenon of identity into a fashion. Fashionable identities become selectable and alterable identities for individuals as in other consumer products. In other words, identities become items of consumption. Criticisms made about the issue of media reduplicating identities and turning them into elective items concentrate on the fact that there are no alternative identities different from the past and the judgment that individuals can choose their identities is an illusion.

In the present study changes in ecosystems of the Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Baltic Sea after the invasion of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi were investigated. Excessive increase in plant plankton as a result of antrophogenic eutrophication leads to a shift in mesozooplankton com¬position, which is the main food item of these comb jellies. For instance, while some mesozoo¬plankton species disappeared from the environment or substantially decreased in number, some others increased in quantity. These changes in food chain may promote the rise of jellyfishes rather than fish in the environment. In addition, decrease in planktivorous fish abundance as a consequence of overfishing also triggers the increase of newly introduced comb jellies, which were possibly introduced via ballast waters of ships, in the ecosystem. Increase in abundance of M. leidyi, which compete with planktivorous fishes (anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus in the Black Sea, kilka, Clupeonella spp. in the Caspian Sea) for their food, causes to decrease of planktivorous fish stocks which have already been vulnerable due to overfishing. Another reason for successfully adaption of M. leidyi to its new ecosystems could be linked to global warming which provides favourable temperature ranges for reproduction and growth of this ctenophore. Although there are still many debates related to possible negative effects, one of the ways to reduce harmful impacts of invaders might be the transport of natural predators of these invaders to the new ecosystems of invaders. For example, it was reported that the abun¬dance of Mnemiopsis leidyi decreased to very low levels during 1999-2004 in the Black Sea following the introduction of another comb jelly, Beroe ovata, which feed on this ctenophore.

<p>Yazılı iletişimde yer alan noktalama işaretleri, sözlü iletişimdeki yer alan vurgu, tonlama ve beden dili ögelerinin görevini üstlenirler. Sözlü iletişimde kullanılan vurgu, tonlama ve beden dili ögeleri, konuşma ile eş zamanlı iken yazılı iletişimde noktalama işaretleri, birkaç istisna dışında çoğunlukla cümlelerin yahut söz gruplarının sonunda yer almaktadır. Bu durumun ise heyecan, öfke, mutluluk, merak gibi güçlü duygulanımları alıcıya aktarmakta gecikmeye sebep olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Özellikle ünlem, soru işareti ve üç nokta, güçlü duyguların aktarımında diğer noktalama işaretlerinden daha fazla sorumluluğa ve kullanım alanına sahiptir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada ünlem, soru işareti ve üç noktanın kullanımına yönelik yeni bir yerleşim önerisi sunulmuştur. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinin temel alındığı çalışma sonuç ve önerilerinin dilbilim ve dil eğitimi alanlarındaki çalışmacılara yön göstereceği düşünülmektedir.</p>

Textbooks are one of the most consulted sources in the processes of teaching- learning and assessment. It is indispensable to prepare textbooks in accordance with the curriculum to ensure effective teaching and learning. “Teacher evaluation questionnaire” consistingof 20 questions has been prepared to evaluate secondary level IXth class chemistry textbook in terms of its content. This questionnaire was carried out with 31 secondary level chemistry teachers who work in the public schools and 19 chemistry teachers who work in the private courses. According to the results obtained, chemistry teachers think that there are some deficiencies and obstacles in the application of this textbook.

It is important to determine in acquire reading culture that what students habits, what kind of books that they have read and what kind of interest is important for them. This study aims to determine ofelementary 4 and 5 students' reading habits and reading interests. Forthis reason, to 300 students in the province of Uşak, "ElementarySchool Students' Reading Habits and Reading Interests" was applied. Inthe survey, students' reading habits for the determination of six,reading interest in order to determine the three questions are asked.The survey data was interpreted using descriptive analysis technique.The majority of the students who participated in survey do not have thehabit of reading. They are middle and lower level readers. Almost all ofthese students prefer watching TV or playing games on the internetrather than reading, during the day. In addition, important part of thestudents didn’t hane library. Students, topics want reading type of fairytales and stories and the books on animals and heroism. However,students don’t want reading the list of 100 Basic Works. The reasons ofstudents' not having the habit of reading are a vital need in thecommunity of the book should not be regarded as their parents,teachers and elders around them are not models, a lack of qualityresources and the student's interest in reading withdraws, projects andprograms will save the habit of reading the inadequacy of our educationsystem, mass media, the act of reading to be more attractive than theact of reading and the easiest, cheapest and most convenientenvironment to fulfill this function for various reasons accepted as thelisted libraries. <br> Öğrencilerin okuma kültürü kazanmalarında, onların ne tür alışkanlıklara sahip olduklarının ve ne tür kitapları okumaya ilgi duyduklarının belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma, ilköğretim dördüncü ve beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma alışkanlıklarını ve okuma ilgilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple Uşak ilindeki 300 öğrenciye, “İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Okuma Alışkanlıkları ve Okuma İlgileri” adlı ölçme aracı uygulanmıştır. Ölme aracında, öğrencilerin okuma alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesine yönelik altı; okuma ilgilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak da üç adet soru sorulmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun okuma alışkanlığına sahip değildirler. Öğrenciler, orta ve alt düzey okuyucudurlar. Bu öğrencilerin tamamına yakını, gün içerisinde okumaktan ziyade, TV seyretmeyi veya internette oyun oynamayı tercih etmektedirler. Ayrıca bu öğrencilerin önemli bir bölümü bir kitaplığa sahip bile değildir. Öğrencilerin, masal ve hikâye türünde, konuları hayvan ve kahramanlık konulu olan kitapları okumaktan hoşlanmaktadırlar. Ancak öğrenciler, 100 Temel Eser listesindeki kitapları okumaktan hoşlanmamaktadırlar. Öğrencilerin okuma alışkanlığına sahip olmama sebeplerini: Toplumda kitabın yaşamsal bir gereksinim olarak kabul edilmemesi, ailelerinin, öğretmenlerinin ve çevrelerindeki büyüklerinin model olmamaları, okuma kaynaklarındaki nitelik eksikliği ve öğrencinin ilgisini çekmemesi, eğitim sistemimizde okuma alışkanlığı kazandıracak proje ve programların yetersiz oluşu, kitle iletişim araçlarının okuma eyleminden daha cazip olması ve okuma eyleminin en kolay, en ucuz ve en uygun ortamı kabul edilen kütüphanelerin çeşitli nedenlerle bu işlevini yerine getiremeyişi olarak sıralayabiliriz.

Archives are primary resources to refer for thosewho will do research on new Turkish literature field.Nevertheless, it can’t be said that they are utilized properlyuntil recent times. Lack of seperation and limitedaccess to archives have also influence on this issue. Inthis article, the archives related to research field of new Turkish literature is presented. State (Prime Ministry’s)Ottoman Archives are mentioned largedly. Divisions thatcontains information and documents on new Turkish literatureare explained. In addition to this, some exampleresearches that utilise the archives are also given.

The aim of this research is to adapt the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (Adams et al., 2006) to Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. The research was conducted on 400 9th grade students from the Directorate of Educational Department in Amasya, Turkey. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses clearly showed that this scale yielded 8 factors, as original form and that the model was well fit. Internal consistency coefficients varied between .72-.84 and test-retest reliability coefficients varied between .85-.93. Corrected item-total correlations ranged .51 to .75, and according to t-test results differences between each item’s means of upper 27% and lower 27% points were significant. As a result, Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in education.

This study analyses students’ views of liked and disliked behaviours in relation to a) sex, b) departments, c) classes, d) family jobs e) and families’ house location variables. The study was applied to 6 first year classes from the Education Faculty and 5 other classes from the Arts and Sciences Faculty in 2008-2009 at YYU. The collected data was analysed in SPSS using t-test and one way variance analysis. The validity of the questionnaire consisting of 32 items α 0, 91. According to findings there are significant relations between the sexes, departments, classes and teachers’ behaviours. It suggests that the liked behaviours can compensate bad places and the lack of materials; the disliked behaviours can worsen students’ eager, good places and expensive materials. It eventually affects the students’ successes positively or negatively. Hence, the required features of teachers can be annexed to teachers’ major fields.

The environments in which education activities are carried outinclude quiet rich individual qualities such as physical/ biological/psychological features, interests, expectations, desires, success, failure,talents, intelligence types, and learning styles. These differences in theindividual features of the students naturally affect the arrangement ofthe environments in which their learning process takes place. One ofthe most important individual features is learning styles. Therefore,learning styles affect perceptions of classroom environment. Because,knowing students’ preferred learning style would answer questionsabout what learning-teaching procedure could be implemented, wherethey could learn easily, and together with whom they could learn moreeasily. It has been determined that, in a classroom environment whichis arranged taking into account the learning styles, the students areconscious students who better perceive true cases, who effectivelybenefit from learning-teaching procedure, and who know what and howto learn.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of learningstyles on secondary school students' perceptions of biology laboratoryclassroom environment. Scanning model was used in the study. A totalof 65 final-year secondary school students participated in the study. In order to collect data for this study biology laboratory classroom environment perception scale (Fraser, Gidding and McRobbie, 1992) and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (Kolb, 1985) were used. In the analysis of the data, besides descriptive statistics, the reliability coefficient analysis, Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Eta-square impact coefficient analysis were conducted with the help of SPSS-20 program package.In result of the study, it was determined that the students' perception of biology laboratory classroom environment was at medium level. On the other hand it was determined that the students participating in the study mostly have Assimilator learning style and that they are followed by the students having Converger learning style, Diverger learning style and Accommodator learning style. It was determined that students' perceptions of biology laboratory classroom environment both throughout the scale and in the dimensions of the scale did not differ significantly. However, while it was determined that students’ perception of biology laboratory classroom environment is influenced at most by in physical environment learning styles (η2=0.238), it is followed by the dimension of clarity in the rules, dimension of integration, dimension of student’s dedication and dimension of open-endedness. Results determined that learning styles’ influence on students’ perception of biology laboratory classroom environment both throughout the scale and in the dimensions of the scale is large. <br> Eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı ortamlar fiziksel /biyolojik/ psikolojik özellikler, ilgiler, beklentiler, istekler, başarı, başarısızlık, yetenekler, zeka türleri, öğrenme stilleri gibi oldukça zengin bireysel nitelikleri içermektedir. Öğrencilerin bireysel özelliklerindeki bu farklılıklar, doğal olarak onların öğrenme sürecinin gerçekleştiği ortamların düzenlenmesinde de etkisini göstermektedir. En önemli bireysel özelliklerden biri öğrenme stilleridir. Dolayısıyla öğrenme stilleri sınıf çevresine yönelik algıları etkilemektedir. Çünkü öğrencilerin hangi öğrenme stilini tercih ettiğinin bilinmesi, bu öğrencilerin nasıl öğrenebileceğine, nasıl bir öğrenme-öğretme süreci uygulanabileceğine, nerede kolay öğrenebileceklerine, kimlerle daha kolay öğrenebileceklerine yönelik soruların cevabını vermektedir. Öğrenme stilleri dikkate alınarak düzenlenen bir sınıf çevresinde, öğrencilerin gerçek olayları daha iyi algılayan, öğrenme-öğretme sürecinden etkili bir şekilde yararlanan ve neyi-nasıl öğreneceklerini bilen bilinçli öğrenciler oldukları belirlenmiştir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin biyoloji laboratuvarı sınıf çevresine ilişkin algılarına öğrenme stillerinin etkisini değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplam 65 ortaöğretim son sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak amacıyla biyoloji laboratuvarı sınıf çevresi algı ölçeği (Fraser, Gidding ve McRobbie, 1992) ve Kolb öğrenme stili envanteri (Kolb, 1985) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS-20 paket programı yardımıyla betimsel istatistikler yanında, güvenirlik katsayısı analizi,Kay-Kare testi, Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Eta-Kare etkikatsayısı analizi yapılmıştır.Çalışma sonunda öğrencilerin biyoloji labaratuvarı sınıf çevresineilişkin algılarının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftanaraştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin en fazla Özümseyen öğrenme stilinesahip oldukları belirlenirken, bunu Değiştiren öğrenme stiline sahip,Ayrıştıran öğrenme stiline ve Yerleştiren öğrenme stiline sahipöğrencilerin izlediği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin biyoloji laboratuvarısınıf çevresine yönelik algılarının ölçeğin hem genelinde hem deboyutlarında öğrencilerin öğrenme stillerine göre anlamlı farklılıkgöstermediği belirlenmiştir. Ancak öğrencilerin biyoloji laboratuvarı sınıfçevresine yönelik algılarının en fazla fiziksel ortam boyutunda öğrenmestillerinin etkisinde olduğu belirlenirken (η2 = 0.238), bunu kurallardanetlik boyutu, bütünleşme boyutu, öğrenci bağlılığı boyutu ve açıkuçluluk boyutu izlemektedir. Sonuçlar öğrencilerin biyoloji laboratuvarısınıf çevresine yönelik algılarına öğrenme stillerinin etkisinin, ölçeğinhem geneline hem de boyutlarına büyük düzeyde olduğu tespitedilmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental sensitivity and awareness level of the inhabitants in Konya, Sarayönü districts. In today’s world, the environment is rapidly being polluted and pollution rate is being increased by human beings. In this regards, the viewpoints of Sarayönü people on the environment and environmental elements are revealed. For this purpose, a research include variables such as gender, age, job and education level was carried out by using a questionnaire made up of 16 questions. The questionnaire was applied to 314 males and 286 females, totaling 600 participants. The research serves to raise an awareness of environment and environmental sensitivity. The findings showed that the people in Sarayönü have a high level of environmental sensitivity. Females tended to reflect a higher level of sensivitiy to the environment than males. The participants opted for air pollution as being the most important environmental element among the air, water, soil etc. pollution.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and the distribution of supernumerary teeth (ST) in patients from east-northern Turkey.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 1876 patients [673 females (mean age: 13.05±2.79 years) and 1203 males (mean age: 13.63±3.18 years)] ranging in age from 7 to 34 years (mean age: 13.39±3.05 years). Demographic variables including age and sex, the type, number, eruption status of the ST were recorded. In addition, associated pathologies or complications (displacement, eruption failure, resorption of adjacent tooth, and cyst formation) caused by ST were also recorded. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences between genders.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; ST were detected in 15 patients (0.75 %). The frequency of males and females with ST was 1.16 % and 0.49 %, respectively (P= 0.944). The most commonly observed ST was premolar (33.33%) followed by mesiodens (26.67%), distomolar (20.0%), lateral (13.33%), paramolar (6.67%), respectively. Most of the ST were found to be unilateral, impacted, and in the maxilla. Complications associated with ST were observed in 20.0% of the patients with ST.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The frequency of ST in east-northern Turkish general population was found to be 0.75% with no gender difference (p&amp;gt;0.05). The most commonly observed ST was premolar followed by mesiodens.

The general themes of Fuzuli’s love poetry are bitterness of heart and sadness, trouble and sorrow, loneliness, poverty, misfortune, such as issues. Fuzuli’s most common complaints are the expressions of destiny, fate and luck. At every opportunity, Fuzuli says that he is innocent, luckless, miserable and poor. His pessimistic, pessimistic mood is evident due to the society in which he lived. Fuzuli was born and raised and lived in the land where the event of Kerbela, then a permanent places of conflict. At 16. century in and around Baghdad, the Suni-Shiite enmity and hatred among the population have increased well. Fuzuli lived in it so deep psychological conflict that has left traces of his pessimism and feelings of loneliness always felt in all his works. Fuzuli is Shiite. He has presented Qasidas to the Shah and governor. Therefore, it is understood that Fuzuli has not been taken much affinity by the Sunni and the Sunni government of the people. At the time of Ottoman rule, the approach of Kanuni and his managers has also resulted in the Shiite friends, and friends should be moving away from him. Thus, Fuzuli was really isolated and leaved lonely by these two religious slaughter people. The most important reason for his pessimism is loneliness.

Cesarean section is one of the most common obstetric procedure in worldwide. In addition, the increasing increased rate of cesarean section has been observed in recent studies. Maternal and fetal mortalitiy and morbidity associated with cesarean section is an important health problem in all over the world. The primary obstetric indication for cesarean section is previous cesarean section. Vaginal birth after cesarean section can be alternative delivery method for women who have previous cesarean section. But, the risks of this type delivery must be carefully evaluated. As a result, increasing rate of cesarean section can be decreased with vaginal birth after cesarean section. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2014; 23(4.000): 623-635]

Complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS), is a painful and disabling disorder that can effect one or more extremities, characterized by a combination of vasomotor, sudomoto rand dystrophic alterations and may cause restriction in movements. The pain of this condition out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury. There are many aetiologic factors such as soft tissue injury, surgery, immobilization or myocardial ischemia. The pathophysiology of CPRS is not clear but peripheral and central sensitization resulting in neurogenic inflammation has been held responsible. This case report discribes the clinical condition of CPRS due to cat bite, and is presented to emphasize rare etiologic factors that may cause CPRS.

When we talk about vocabulary of languages, then all words comeinto question. Yet this interpreting of vocabulary as a sum of words oras a simple term is not true. Vocabulary (lexicology) is the most crucialinstrument that reflects the culture, mentality and conception of worldof a society. In other words, vocabulary is not only symbols that arerandomly formed by sounds, but also is a reflector of the society‟sconception and moral-material culture as well as a profile of world view.The book „With you‟ by Yavuz Bülent Bakiler, that is subject toour study, includes 30 poems. 3311 words in total are used in thosepoems. Those words are primarily analysed into two groups as „mainword‟ and „ subsidiary word‟ in the way of their being „expressive words‟and „functionary words‟. Among the main words, nouns, adjectives,pronouns, adverbs, verbs and reduplications are deemed whereasending particles, formation particles, enriching particles, interrogatives,interjections, comparision-equalisation particles and replicationparticles are deemed as subsidiary words. Main word every word iscategorised by their genre such as noun, adjective, pronoun, adverb,verb and subsidiary word. Then the origins and the condition of beingabstract and concrete of those words are determined. On the otherhand, the most used words in every group are indicated.In this study, by examining the data acquired, features of theused language in its own era, the proportion of authentic or borrowedwords, the language, from which words borrowed, and hints about thesociety, in that poems are come up, are determined. <br> Dillerin söz varlığı denince akla bir dildeki kelimelerin tamamı gelir. Ancak söz varlığını basit bir terim şeklinde, kelimeler bütünü olarak anlamak ve yorumlamak da doğru değildir. Söz varlığı dili kullanan toplumun kültürünü, düşünce yapısını, dünya görüşünü yansıtan en önemli araçtır. Başka bir deyişle söz varlığı, bir dilde sadece bir takım seslerin bir araya gelmesiyle kurulmuş simgeler olarak değil, aynı zamanda o dili konuşan toplumun kavramlar dünyası, maddi ve manevi kültürünün yansıtıcısı, dünya görüşünün bir kesiti olarak da düşünülmelidir.Çalışmamıza konu olan Yavuz Bülent Bâkiler‟in “Seninle” adlı şiir kitabı içinde 30 adet şiir yer almaktadır. Bu şiirlerde toplam 3311 söz kullanılmıştır. Bu sözler öncelikle, “anlamlı kelimeler” ve “görevli kelimeler” olmaları bakımından asıl sözler ve yardımcı sözler şeklinde iki grupta incelenmiştir. Asıl sözler içerisinde isimler, sıfatlar, zamirler, zarflar, fiiller ve ikilemeler değerlendirilmiş; yardımcı sözler içerisinde ise çekim edatları, bağlama edatları, kuvvetlendirme edatları, soru edatları, ünlemler, karşılaştırma-denkleştirme edatları, cevap edatları vb. değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca her söz; asıl söz ya da yardımcı söz alma özelliliğine göre kategorize edildikten sonra bu sözlerin köken bilgileri ve somut-soyut olma durumları tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan her grupta kullanım sıklığı en fazla olan sözler de belirtilmiştir.Bu çalışmada elde edilen verilerin yorumlanmasıyla şiirlerin kaleme alındığı dönemde kullanılan dilin özellikleri, dildeki yerli ve alıntı söz oranı, alıntıların en çok hangi dilden olduğu ve ayrıca şiirlerin vücuda geldiği toplumla ilgili ipuçları hakkında tespitlerde bulunulmuştur.

Despite the many advances in modern medicine, each year thousands of people in the world die from diseases that are easily prevented by safe and effective vaccines. Few measures in preventive medicine are of such proven value and as easy to implement as routine immunization against infectious diseases. Prevention of infection by immunization is a lifelong process. There are a number of vaccines that all adults (&#161;I18 years) require. There are also other vaccines that need to be tailored to meet individual variations in risk resulting from occupation, foreign travel, underlying illness, lifestyle and age. In this study, we tried to review this important subject. [TAF Prev Med Bull. 2008; 7(2): 159-166]

Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the reasons why women request reversal of tubal sterilisation and to compare surgical techniques in terms of fertility outcomes. Material and Method: This retrospective study included 36 patients, who underwent tubal reanastomosis surgery in our clinic between January 2008- June 2015. Analysis was made of laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis applied to 7 patients and of reanastomosis applied with laparotomy to 29 patients. For each patient, data were recorded on age at the time of sterilization, age at the time of reversal, body mass index, smoking use, alcohol use, pelvic surgery history, subfertility, additional diseases, known male infertility, demographics, hormone profiles, hysterosalpingograhy (HSG) results, applied sterilization methods, reversal methods, and the reasons for requesting tubal reversal. The fertility outcomes were evaluated. Results: At the end of mean 2 years follow-up of patients, in the laparotomy group, 20 (69%) patients had not achieved pregnancy, 4 (13.8%) had abortus, 1 (3.4%) had an ectopic pregnancy and 4 (13.8%) patients had live births. In the laparoscopic group, pregnancy was not achieved in 5 patients (71.4%), 1 (%) was complicated with ectopic pregnancy, and 1 14.3%) had a live birth. Discussion: Before reversal of tubal sterilisation, a detailed patient history should be taken, the data of the sterilization operation should be accessed, and laparoscopic surgery must be presented to the patient as an option. When considering the probability of pregnancy, the patients%u2019s age, BMI, additional diseases, and other factors that affect fertility must be taken into consideration. Although the number of cases was limited, the results of this study support the view that laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis is a safe and effective procedure.

Mediastinal cysts in neonates are infrequently reported. Enteric cysts in the posterior mediastinum are mostly asymptomatic. Vertebral malformations may contribute. Clinical presentation may include respiratory distress. Herein, we report a case of mediastinal gastroenteric cyst and meningomyelocele in a neonate presented respiratory distress signs after delivery. The patient was well managed by excision of mediastinal cyst and closure of dura mater of meningomyelocele. A detailed antenatal scan may help in early diagnosis and better outcome. Moreover, vertebral anomaly in chest radiograph of infants with respiratory distress should suggest the possible presence of a mediastinal enteric cyst.

Schistosoma haematobium, one of the species of Schistosoma that causes disease in humans, locates in the genitourinary system veins and leaves its eggs in the bladder, ureters and genital veins. Schistosomiosis is mostly seen in African countries, especially at Nile valley. S. haematobium eggs have been found in the urine sediment by microscopic analysis of a 17 years-old Nigerian student who lives in Turkey for two years and have been suffering from hematuria for seven years. A single 40 mg/kg dose of praziquantel (tablet) was administered to the patient for treatment of schistosomiosis. Further, the patient was told not to urinate in open areas, especially close to water sources. It was determined that the urinary complaints of the patient were terminated, when he came back to Turkey, after the treatment. Examination of his urine showed no eggs of S. haematobium, erythrocyte or any other pathology. In this case report we discuss the importance of the epidemiological and clinical significance of S. haematobium that is rarely determined in our country and more generally found in foreigners from some African countries

<p>Roma Dönemi’nde Galatia Eyaleti’nin başkentliğini yapan Ankyra kentinin anıtsal yapıları ve diğer çarpıcı kalıntıları ile olası <em>nekropol</em> alanları genellikle Ankara’nın Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi imar faaliyetleri sırasında gerçekleşen hafriyat çalışmaları ile açığa çıkarılmıştır. Ankara Celal Bayar Bulvarı üzerindeki Gazi Üniversitesi Sıhhiye Kampüsünde inşa edilen Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesindeki yapılaşma faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkarılan Maltepe Erken Bizans Dönemi Mezar Alanı olasılıkla Ankyra kentinin daha önce bir bölümü tespit edilen güney <em>nekropolü</em>’nün devamı niteliğindedir. Gerçekleştirilen kurtarma kazısı sonucunda bu alanda tahrip edilmiş olası bir kilisenin küçük bir kısmı ve kilise cemaatine ait olması muhtemel beşik tonozlu bir mezar yapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.</p>

This paper aims to determine use level of knowledge management strategies for secondary school administrators who are principals and vice-principals. Quantitative descriptive method is used. A questionnaire is administered to the administrators in central districts of Gaziantep. 169 of returned questionnaires are valid. Findings of this study show that (i) school administrators acquire knowledge from most frequently their own observations, experiences and, intuitions; (ii) mostly share their knowledge with colleagues and teachers in their schools; (iii) utilize knowledge which is acquired from their own experiences and colleagues in their schools in order to make decisions and solve problems regarding their schools and,(iv) store acquired knowledge firstly in computer and secondly in the form of hard copy. The study also reveals that school administrators use knowledge acquisition, sharing, utilization and, storing strategies in very often. However, school administrators have relatively less interaction among parents and members of parent-teacher association who are crucial shareholders for school on acquiring, sharing and utilizing of knowledge. In other words, these shareholders have participation on process of decision-making and problem-solving in schools. We think that when school administrators’ opportunities of communication and interaction with parents and parent-teacher association, this participation will increase.

African-American playwright Ed Bullins is one of the most significant figures to emerge from the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s. His 1975 play The Taking of Miss Janie is a dramatic portrait of the specific events and ideas that created the 1960s, and their impact on the individual consciousnesses of the characters. The play brings into the foreground many issues related to race and ethnicity in America. Even though the general tone of The Taking of Miss Janie is one of violence and gloom, this reading focuses on those moments where love and human affection outshine the sense of destruction predominant in the play.

The city of Ordu has traditionally been a place where people ,whohas produced countless works of art and culture, live. Having presentedmany valuable figures to the art life of the country, Ordu has alsoalways come in front with its poets and writers. Along with theminstrels who keeps poetry-telling alive, there are many other poetswho made a lot of contributions to the poetry of our country in themeans of contemporary expression. In poetry which is open tointeraction and cultural transference, the richness of life of the poet, thereferences between some texts which has been done through propernames, reminders, concretizations, perception and interpretation ofcultural values, and philosophy of life reflects on poetry and it indirectlyconditions and shapes intercultural learning. In this context, it isimportant for the poet to adopt an approach to the geography andcultural values he lives in or the opposite cultures and foreign culturalvalues.In this study, names of a variety of a continent, a country, a city,a township, a village, a country town, a borough, a street, and anavenue; important dates; famous people; important names for Turkishliterature; important religious figures; important people around thepoet; festival or feast names; institution and corporation names; nationor folk names; mythologic names; planet and galaxy names are allspotted and examined in the poems of the poets of Ordu. In thisresearch of the poems of 38 poets of Ordu, the aim of using propernouns and from the context of being used, it is concluded thatinetcultural learning local to universal has an important place in theperception of arts of the poets of Ordu. <br> Ordu, geçmişten bugüne sanatın ve kültürün çeşitli dallarında eser veren insanların yaşadığı bir kent olmuştur. Ülkemiz sanatına her dönemde çok değerli şahsiyetler kazandıran Ordu, şairleri ve yazarları aracılığıyla da bölgede öne çıkan bir kent olmuştur. Şiir söyleme geleneğinin izlerini yaşatan halk şairleri yanında, çağdaş bir söylemin peşinde olan şairler de ülkemiz şiirine önemli katkılar sunmuşlardır. Etkileşime ve kültür aktarımına açık bir tür olan şiirde, şairin yaşamsal zenginliği, özel isimler vasıtasıyla yapmış olduğu birtakım metinler arası göndermeler, hatırlatmalar, somutlaştırmalar, kültürel değerleri algılayış ve yorumlayış biçimi, hayat felsefesi, şiire yansır ve dolaylı olarak kültürler arası öğrenmeyi de belirler ve şekillendirir. Bu bağlamda şairin, üzerinde yaşadığı coğrafyaya ve onu örnekleyen kültürel değerlere, karşıt kültürlere ve yabancı kültürel değerlere karşı takınmış olduğu tutum da önemlidir.Çalışmada çeşitli kıta, ülke, bölge, il, ilçe, köy, kasaba, belde, cadde, sokak, semt isimleri; önemli tarihler; ünlü simalar; Türk edebiyatına mal olmuş önemli isimler; önemli din büyükleri; şairin yakın çevresindeki önemli şahsiyetler; festival, şenlik isimleri; kurum ve kuruluş isimleri, millet ve boy isimleri; mitolojik isimler; gezegen ve galaksi isimleri gibi özel isimler Ordulu şairlerin şiirleri incelenerek tespit edilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ordulu şairleri örnekleyen toplam 38 şairin şiirlerinde özel isimlerin kullanılış amacı ve kullanıldığı bağlamdan hareketle Ordulu şairlerin sanat anlayışlarında yerelden evrensele kültürler arası öğrenmenin önemli bir yeri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Mitochondria are energy source of cells. They have external and internal membranes, cristas and matrix. External membranes consist of specialized transport proteins. They have monoamine oxidase and citokrome-c reductase which both play role in KREBS cycle as catalyst and many enzymes which are necessary for phospholipid and phosphoric acid synthesis. Enzymes of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are located in the internal membranes. Also, here, there are transport systems for specific substances, such as ATP, ADP, P1, pyruvate, succinate, malate, citrate, and -ketoglutarate . Matrix; having gel-like consistency, contains a large number of enzymes. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(0.100): 1-13]

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze the influence of corporate image, customer expectations, perceived quality and value on customer satisfaction and (2) to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Through conducting a face-to-face interview, a total of 381 questionnaires were collected from tourists who were citizens of countries in European Union and stayed at international five-star hotels in Istanbul and Ankara. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicates a remarkable result that the latent factors (corporate image and customer expectations) have a significant and positive influence on perception of quality-value and customer satisfaction, and positive relation between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. As a result, the findings indicate that all factors have a significant correlation with each other.</span></span></p>

Being the capital city of a newly established Turkish Republic that was descended from the Ottoman Empire, Ankara was attributed a massive symbolic meaning. Ankara became the representative of a new Turkish State that aimed to attain a place in the global picture as being a modern and secular nation state. It carries a distinct characteristic as the reflections of transformations taking place in the political sphere can be read from the urban space. In this context, Keçiören District, being one of the largest and most populated districts of Ankara has undergone a massive transformation after 1994 with the change in the political structure. The aim of this study is to make an analysis of the transformation that has been taking place in Keçiören district of Ankara since 1994, focusing on the architecture of AKP government that has been taking place not only in the architectural or urban field but also in the political, social, economic and cultural fields. What has been tried to be analyzed in this study is the emergence of a new architectural style that imitates the past with a modern approach not only in terms of urban and architectural quality but also from social and political motives that are embedded in the “culture” by using Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological notions as elements of interpretation.

Fear of crime has become one of the most popular subjects in social sciences in the past fifty years. Primarily an area of interest in criminology, the fear of crime has lately been analysed from a sociological perspective, and personal and environmental factors that generate the fear of victimisation have been examined. Researches conducted so far suggest that the fear of crime has become one of the social problems that modern societies confront and women are more fearful of victimisation when compared to men. This study aims at understanding whether there are any differences on the fear of crime based on gender and what types of precautions females take in order to avoid crime. The survey has been carried out in the city of Mersin. A questionnaire form developed by Ferraro (1995) and adapted to Turkish language by Kul (2009) has been used. The findings obtained from the survey have confirmed the literature. Accordingly, women’s fear of crime has been found to be significantly higher than that of men. Women are most afraid of being exposed to sexual abuse and rape. Additionally, women exhibit more avoidance behaviours in order not to be a victim of crime.    Özet Suç korkusu son 50 yılda sosyal bilimlerde popüler olan konulardandır. Öncelikle kriminolojinin ilgi alanına girdiği görülen suç korkusu daha sonraları sosyolojik perspektiften de incelenmeye başlanmış, mağduriyet korkusuna neden olan bireysel ve çevresel faktörler incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar suç korkusunun artık modern toplumların karşılaştığı sosyal sorunlardan birisi olduğunu, kadınların erkeklere kıyasla daha çok mağduriyet korkusu yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma suç korkusunun cinsiyet açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını, kadınların suçtan korunma amacıyla ne tür önlemler aldığını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Mersin’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Ferraro (1995) tarafından geliştirilen ve Kul (2009) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler literatürü desteklemektedir. Buna göre kadınların suç korkuları erkeklerden anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir. Kadınlar en çok cinsel taciz ve tecavüze uğramaktan korkmaktadır. Bunun yanında suç mağduriyeti yaşamamak için daha çok kaçınma davranışı sergilemektedirler.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to determine the associated factors with fibromyalgia. Materials and Methods: Hundred thirty-seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis admitted to our outpatient clinic were included in the study. A questionnaire that was including patients’age, marital status, education level, occupation, height, weight was completed. Risk factors of osteoporosis were recorded. major and minor risk factors were determined according to Canadian diagnosis and treatment guideline. DXA was used to determine bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Thoracal and lumbar compression fractures were evaulated with thoracal and lumbar radiography. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Results: Twenty-six (19%) of 137 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis had fibromyalgia. Ninety-four (68.6%) of all patients were married and 43 (31.4%) of all patients were not married, 63 (46%) of all patients were literate, 74 (54%) of all patients were illiterate. The average age of patients was 73.56±6.17. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, advanced age, to be married, the number of major risk factors and the decrease of lomber and femur bone mineral density were found to be risk factors for fibromyalgia. Educational level, BMI and the number of minor risk factors were not found to be a risk factors for fibromyalgia. Conclusion: It is importatnt to be careful for fibromyalgia not only in premenopousal women but also in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2014;20: 1-5)

The main aim of this study is to investigate the existence of the anomalies which are the day of the week effect, Friday the thirteenth effect, January effect and full moon effect and is to reveal whether or not these anomalies become different between the advanced and emerging markets if there are these anomalies. In this study which used the daily close prices of 6 advanced and 6 emerging market indexes between 2000-2014 as data, the hypothesizes were tested by using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests. The findings of this study have revealed that there is the day of the week anomaly in Brazil, Peru, Poland, the United Kingdom and the Singapore stock exchanges; there is January anomaly in India and the UK stock exchanges; there is full moon anomaly in Turkey, Brazil, Poland, Japan, the USA and Canadian stock exchanges and there is Friday the thirteenth anomaly in Mexico. The findings of this study have also revealed that there is not a relationship between the development levels of the markets and aforementioned anomalies.

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of a hypospadias repair technique using local anesthesia in adult patients with distal hypospadias. Material and Method: Hypospadias repair was performed under local anesthesia in 24 cases of circumcised males from 2000%u20132010. The type of hypospadias was coronal in 11 cases and subcoronal in 13 cases. Tubularised incised-plate urethroplasty method was used in all of the patients. Subcutaneous prilocaine hydrochloride was administered into the root of the penis and 12.5 g of a gel containing 2% lidocaine was administered into the urethra as an anesthetic agent. The patients%u2019 pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were evaluated in terms of pain level, duration of the operation, and early and late complications. Results: All patients easily tolerated the operation, with a mean postoperative VAS pain assessment of 2.04 (0-4). The duration of the operation ranged between 16 and 35 min. One of the patients developed syncope during the operation. Urethral fistula was seen in three patients. No incidence of meatal stenosis or poor cosmetic appearance was observed. Discussion: Hypospadias repair under local anesthesia was demonstrated to be safely practicable with an acceptable degree of postsurgical pain in adult patients with distal hypospadias.

The concept of “autonomy” is mostly discussed at the institutional level. The term “autonomy” literally refers to “the right of self administration of an institution under its own legal constitution”. It has not only been a subject on which much has been negotiated in the academic world until far and a subject on which has never been reached a full agreement yet but also a subject which has been distinctively interpreted by all sides. To realize their social responsibilities in a best way, universities have to get the opportunity of an autonomous constitution. Moreover, this autonomy essentially depends on the existence of a harmonious financial, academic and administrational system. Today there is no a fully autonomised university but extent of autonomous. For an institution, a financial autonomy is “the state of driving its own expenditures by using freely its own sources”. It is of three dimensions, one of which is preparing its own budget, the other of which is constituting its own financial sources and the last of which is using its own financial sources. Today, in this respect, there is no yet “a fully autonomised university” in the world, because they are not capable of meeting the money which they need for their existence. To all people who have academic titles, “academic autonomy” necessarily refers to a chance of free education and researches free of all kinds of pressure and orientation attempts. According to Turkish constitution, academic freedom is limited to national defense and security & social order. According to a report in the ninth plan of development, released by “High Commission of Academic Education”, there is also not a fully academic autonomy. By the word “Administrational Autonomy” in universities, it is certainly meant that those institutions are driven and inspected by their own democratic organs whose members are necessarily democratically appointed. According to in the ninth plan of development released by “High Commission of Academic Education”, it is regarded as a weak point for government to try to interrupt higher education policies by using certain governmental policies.

Vergilendirme ilişkisinde, mükellefler, vergiye ilişkin yükümlülüklerini, ehliyetlerinin kısıtlanmış olması ya da fiili imkansızlıklar nedeniyle kendileri yerine getiremeyebilir. Bu durumda, mükellefiyete ilişkin görevler, temsilciler aracılığıyla yapılmaktadır. Vergi Usul Kanunu(VUK) incelendiğinde, kanuni temsil ve kanuni temsilci kavramlarına yer verildiği, ancak, iradi temsil kurumuna açıkça yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Çalışmada, kanuni temsilci kavramından hareketle, iradi temsil kavramı açıklanmaya çalışılacak, iradi temsil ve iradi temsilcinin yetkileri konusuna değinilecektir. Yasada, iradi temsil konusunda açık hükümler yer almaması nedeniyle, zaman zaman ortaya çıkan tereddütlerin, özelgeler ve yargı kararları ile çözülmeye çalışıldığı görülmektedir. İradi temsil konusunda VUK’ nda kanuni temsil yanında yapılacak ayrıntılı yasal düzenleme, ortaya çıkabilecek ihtilafları önleme bakımından yerinde olacaktır.

SAPMA KURAMLARINA BİR BAKIŞ

SUMMARY AIM: Measles, rubella, mumps and viral hepatitis is still a considerable health problem around the world. The risk of contamination of health care workers is higher related to occupational causes. The aim of the study was to research the measles, rubella, mumps and hepatitis B seroprevalence among the female students of Medical Faculty and to apply the vaccines whom need the vaccination. METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted among female students attending Meram Medical Faculty of Selcuk University. Age and sociodemographic characteristics of 351 female students who participated in the study were recorded on the prepared forms. Serum specific IgG levels for measles, rubella, mumps, HBsAg and anti HBs levels were measured in the serum patterns of the participants. Statistical analyses were perfor&#172;med using SPSS version 13.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 20.5 years (min=16.0, max=29.0). Measles, rubella, and mumps seropositivity were 91.6%, 97.2% and 93.5% respectively. Of the students, 0.7% (n=2) had HBs Ag seropositivity, 42.4% (n=149) had antiHBs seronegativity. The rates of the measles, rubella, and mumps seropositivity were very high among the female students. Sixty two female students (17.7%) required the measles mumps rubella vaccine (MMR). One hundred forty nine female students who have antiHBs seronegativity needed hepatitis B vaccination. CONCLUSION: In order to eradicate measles, mumps, rubella it is necessary that use of MMR vaccine should be expanded nationwide rapidly by the Ministry of Health; the regulation should be revised to include the children born before 2005. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(5.000): 549-556]

This study attempts to develop new market efficiency tests depending on the spot and future prices, or the differences of them alternative to traditional unit root test build on univariate time series. As a result of the autocorrelation, normality and run tests applied to spot and futures prices or differences of them, and Adopted Purchasing Power Parity test based on a regression the future markets of ISE30, ISE100 index indicators, USD and Euro currencies, all of which have been traded dailly in the Izmir Futures and Options Market for five years, are found inefficient. Autocorrelation, normality and run tests on the differences between spot and futures prices series, and Adopted Purchasing Power Parity test, or autocorrelation, normality and run tests test based on spot series all rejected “the acceptance of efficient market hypothesis” under the existence of unit root in a series. The results of autocrrelation, normality and run tests based on univariate series are found contradictory to the unit root test result. As a result, the acceptance of “efficient market hypothesis” under the existence of unit root is not supported by alternative tests developed in this study. It is suggested that efficiency test shall be stepping on the spot and futures prices; differences of them or Adopted Purchasing Power Parity test developed here rather than unit root test based on univariate series, which is also not appropriate to the definition of futures market efficiency. In addition, one must be sure that the errors disturbances are randomized in deciding whether market is efficient or not.

<p align="justify">When a society lives with a different society, they do an acculturation directly or indirectly in a process. However, acculturation can be used directly for a political purpose as a part of innovation. Ottoman State purposed an innovation as a need in its period and it aimed to be level of Europe. Acculturation from Europe, called Westernization, was one of the ways which chosen by Ottoman for its purpose. European music and, as a arty part of it, opera were a part of acculturation in music. Therefore, this article investigates view of opera in Ottoman as a means musical acculturation with descriptive and interpretive approaches within the framework of ethnomusicology and cultural studies.</p>

We investigate the effectiveness of Benford’s Law through a digital analysis of the off-balance sheet account disclosures made by Turkish Banks during the 1990-2010. We found that off-balance sheet account disclosures of the fiscal term 1999 doesn’t comply with Benford’s Law. Our finding is consistent with the Turkish Banks’ practices. We also provide evidence on “The Law of Anomalous Numbers”. Our results indicate a link between economic policy and deviation from frequencies of Benford’s Law.

Superior vena cava obstruction is a rare but serious vascular abnormality. The majority of the cases are caused by an underlying malignancy. Pediatric cases are usually associated with previous cardiac surgeries. There is only one case of isolated congenital superior vena cava obstruction reported in literature to date. In clinical findings edema was present at the head, neck and upper extremities. It can be diagnosed by echocardiography. The treatment is based on surgery but baloon angioplasty and/or stent application can be tried. In this case report, we examined 8 months old girl with isolated congenital superior vena cava obstruction without any underlying etiology, diagnosed by echocardiography, who underwent baloon angioplasty and surgery. (The Jo­ur­nal of Cur­rent Pe­di­at­rics 2014;1:48-50)

İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin örgütsel adanmışlık düzeyleri ile problem çözme becerileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Kastamonu ili şehir merkezi ve ilçelerinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ilköğretim kurumlarında görev yapan 203 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Örgütsel Adanmışlık Ölçeği” ve Heppner ve Peterson (1982) tarafından geliştirilen “Problem Çözme Envanteri” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde t-testi, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis H Testi ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, okul yöneticilerinin adanmışlık düzeyleri ve problem çözme becerileri yaş, görev alanı, eğitim düzeyi ve meslekteki kıdemine göre farklılaşmaktadır. Araştrımada örgütsel adanmışlık düzeyleri ile problem çözme becerileri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Enterpreneurship has always had a significant role in the development of the modern civilization. Its significance is expected to grow more in this age which is called as the age of information or communication.Developed societies consider university graduates as the "individuals who became ready for education". In Turkey, where the people are said to have more enterpreneurship characteristics, each individual who starts university education should be considered as a candidate enterpreneur.Enterpreneurship spirit may be present genetically or may be developed by time due to the factors such as family, environment, education and income. In this article, the roles of physical, social and economic environment on the formation of enterpreneurship tendencies and professional preferences have been analysed based on a detailed survey.

Tolerance and respect for cultural differences are amongimportant features that faculty members must have. Examining theviews and practices of faculty members relevant the topic is consideredimportant in terms of evaluating multi-cultural education. However,when the higher education literature on multicultural education isexamined, it appears that studies on the subject are quite inadequate(Grant et al, 2004) and there is resistance to multicultural educationstrategies (Asada, Swank, and Goldey, 2003; Marks and Smrekar 2003).The main purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the ErciyesUniversity faculty members’ levels of valuing ethnic and culturaldiversity and pluralism in pedagogical methodology and classroomatmosphere according to their demographic variables.This study is among descriptive researches as to its researchobjective, and it’s among applied researches as to its purpose ofstructure. Research model fall within general survey as a survey is doneon the sample in order to have an overall judgment about theuniverse(Karasar, 1999: 79). The universe of the study are facultymembers who work at 13 Faculties and 4 Vocational Colleges on Talascampus of Erciyes University. Proportional quota sampling techniquewas used in this study and the sample rate of at least 10% wastargeted. A scale which had been developed by the researcher was usedas the data collection tool. Parametric test techniques were used for theanalysis of the data set which was determined to show normaldistribution. As a result of the study it has been concluded that ErciyesUniversity faculty members value multicultural education very much.Opinions according to gender differed in terms of scale dimensions.While it was found that title is not a significant variable affectingopinions, scores of lecturers at Foreign Languages Vocational Collegeproved to be significantly different from others. <br> Kültürel farklılıklara saygı ve hoşgörü öğretim elemanlarında bulunması gereken önemli özelliklerdendir. Öğretim elemanlarının, konuyla ilgili görüş ve uygulamalarını incelemek çok kültürlü eğitimi değerlendirmek anlamında önemli kabul edilmektedir. Ancak, yükseköğretimde çok kültürlü eğitime ilişkin alanyazın incelendiğinde, bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların oldukça yetersiz (Grant et al, 2004) ve çok kültürlü eğitim stratejilerine karşı direnç olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır (Asada, Swank, ve Goldey, 2003; Marks ve Smrekar 2003). Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Erciyes Üniversitesi öğretim elemanlarının pedagojik metodoloji ve sınıf atmosferindeki etnik ve kültürel çeşitliliği ve çoğulculuğu önem düzeylerini demografik değişkenlere göre istatistiksel olarak incelemektir. Araştırma amacına göre bu çalışma betimleyici araştırmalar, yapılış amacına göre uygulamalı araştırmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Evren hakkında genel bir yargıya varmak amacı ile örneklem üzerinde tarama düzenlemesi yapıldığından dolayı, model genel tarama modeli türünün kapsamına girmektedir (Karasar, 1999: 79). Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini, Erciyes Üniversitesi Talas kampüsünde bulunan 13 Fakülte ve 4 Meslek Yüksek Okulunda çalışmakta olan öğretim elemanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada orantılı kota örnekleme tekniği kullanılmış ve örneklem olarak en az % 10 oranı hedeflenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ölçek kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılım gösterdiği belirlenen veri setinin incelenmesinde parametrik test teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, Erciyes Üniversitesi öğretim elemanlarının, çok kültürlü eğitimi çok önemsedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyete göre görüşler, ölçek boyutları açısından farklılık göstermiştir. Unvan’ın görüşleri etkileyen önemli bir değişken olmadığı bulunmuşken, Yabancı diller Meslek Yüksek Okulunda çalışan öğretim elemanlarının puanlarının diğerlerinden anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

This paper examines a recently discovered and published text, al-Mujzī fī uşūl al-fiqh, which the Zaydīs have commonly labeled as their school’s first written work on uşūl al-fiqh. Written by al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq, who reportedly had close relationships with Mu‘tazīlī scholars, this book is important for tracing the essence of Zaydī legal theory and interrelation between the Zaydiyya and Mu‘tazila in the field of uşūl al-fiqh. I argue that this work represents and draws upon Mu‘tazīlī, as opposed to Zaydī, legal theory. A certain part of this text was published earlier with attribution to Abū al-Husayn al-Başrī as a section of his work Sharh al-‘umad. This attribution is also discussed within the paper. The paper consists of three main sections: a brief biography of al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq and a list of his works, the attribution of the text and an outline of the structure and method in al-Mujzī, and an attempt to determine the text’s identity by examining the authoritative voices in it and its influence later Zaydī literature and by comparing certain cases to those existing in a Mu‘tazilī uşūl text (al-Mu‘tamad) and a Zaydī uşūl text (Safwat al-ikhtiyar).

Aim: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is an important adjuvant therapy and being increasingly used in the treatment of various disorders because of having an important antioxidant activity. This experimental study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of HBO therapy on streptomycin-induced ototoxicity. Material and Method: Twenty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Streptomycin (n=7), saline (n=7), HBO (n=7), and streptomycin plus HBO (n=7). The HBO administered rats were placed into a large pressure chamber and received 100% oxygene at 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 60 minutes per day in a period of seven days. Rats were tested with DPOAE (Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions) in the beginning and the end of study. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the seventh day. Biopsy specimens from inner ear were stored for histopathologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) under light microscopy. Results: Outer hair cells shown by light microscopic images were mostly preserved in control and HBO group. DPOAE measurements revealed no significant differences between the beginning and the end (p&gt;0.05). Streptomycin and streptomycin plus HBO treated rats showed loss of hair cells and auditory functions significantly (p&lt;0.05). Between the groups of streptomycin and streptomycin plus HBO; there was no statistically significance according to the analysis of the histopathological scores and DPgram results (p&gt;0.05). Discussion: HBO has probably no harmful effect on hair cells. But it seems to be not beneficial in a streptomycin-induced cochlear damage rat model.

Child abuse is an increasingly important issue. One of the main types of abuse is child neglect, that is, behavior in which the child is knowingly or unknowingly injured. In this article; we report a case of iatrogenic Cushing%u2019s syndrome due to clobetasol 17-propionate treatment that was used inappropriately, in order to discuss whether or not this is a form of child neglect. It is one of the basic tasks of families to protect the health of the child and learn how to treat that child when he or she is ill. We believe that by being adequately informed by the health professionals, families may reduce the risk of child neglect.

<p align="justify">During the human adventure of civilization, the steps taken in the name of lifestyles, tools used, beliefs, styles of working, mental and artistic actions, political and social organizations were never easy. The logical answers to questions that were raised with the change and the increase in variety of human needs caused the development of scientific methods. Those methods developed to ease the life are also responsible for the birth of some principles. Thus the thinking necessary for human needs gave start to the process of designing. With the basic principles necessary for the designing process thought now gets out of the mind and begins to become a functional means. The design, which comes into being by first imagining and then putting this imagination on paper to be shaped and realized, has some principles. When held in the context of principles and elements, these provide comprehensible designs in visiual perception for both the designer and the observer.<br />In this way the various Turkish groups immigrating to Anatolia from the XI. Century, have shaped a unique artistic language by synthesizing the customs and traditions of local civilizations with their own. Considering that the founding of the visual design principles were determined only by 1900's, the XIII. Century weavers have produced rightly admired Anatolian Seldjuki era carpets as a result of their own aesthetical perception and synthesis. Only eighteen of those Anatolian Seldjuki carpets with different designs survived today. However, from those eighteen survived (as whole or as bits and pieces) two pieces of carpets which currently are in The Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum (Inventory #683 and 692, 693) appear similar, but upon scrutiny, it is now known that they are independent to each other.<br />Thorough examinations of these two Anatolian Seldjuki carpet pieces have shown that original bordure measurements were different. Also the color differentiations of outer nacres made us think that these pieces were wowen separately. The similarities in colors, units, course and gaps made them understood as two parts of one carpets. However, close examination shows that on the forms placed on the carpet backdrop of #692-693, the last one and a half lines have both a change of colors and the creation of a different effect by putting an additional color on the units. Thus it is now thought that these two pieces of Anatolian Seldjuki carpets are from two independent carpets bearing similar aspects.</p>

The goal of this study wa s to measure and evaluate the life satisfaction level s in the individuals doing sport at private sport c enters. The search group was made of 75 female, 125 male attendants randomly chosen from the members doing sport regular l y at the private sport center called Maximum Fitness Center located in Konya throughout one year. In this study based on the scanning (survey) method, The Satisfaction with Life Sca le (SWLS), which was develop ed by Diener et al. (1985) , wh ose validity and reliability were performed by Yetim (1993) , was used herein . The SPSS 16.0 statistically package program wa s used to evaluate the data and determine the calculated values. T he data were summarized by giving the average and standart deviation s. It has been determined that the data did not show a normal distribution ; the Mann Whitney U Test wa s used during the dual league comparisons, the Kruskal Walliz H Test wa s used during the multiple comparisons of data. The error lev el w as regarded as 0.05 in this study. In the result s of the research, while evaluating the life s atisfaction levels of the individuals doing sport at private sport centers due to the gender parameter, a statistically meaningful difference w as observed in f avour of married members. While a statistical ly meaningful difference was not found in the life satisfaction levels of the members attending in the survey in accordance with the education a nd age parameter s , it was seen that the members with an income of 1000 TL and over had a higher life satisfaction level than the members with an income of 1000 TL and below in accordance with the income parameter .

Immobilization, poor feeding skills and inadequate calcium intake, limited sun light exposure and anticonvulsant medication in children with cerebral palsy (CP) predisposes these children to osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the bone mimeral density (BMD) in our group of children with CP, compare it with the control group and investigate the relationship of BMD with probable risk factors of osteoporosis. Twenty-three children with CP (mean age 9,15 ± 4,13 years, range 5-17 years) and 15 healthy children ( mean age 8,13 ± 2,82) were included in the study. The patient group was especially investigated for anticonvulsant medication, dietary habits, sunlight exposure and daily duration of ambulation. In physical examination clinical type of CP, muscle tonus and type of ambulation were recorded. The BMD of the children was measured with dual x- ray absorptiometry (DEXA Lunar) in lumbar region and total body. Lomber and total BMD in children with CP were lower than that of controls, but this result was not statistically significant. In the patient group BMD in the arms was higher (p< 0.05). Lomber and total BMD were lower in children with inadequate dietary calcium intake (p< 0.05). We concluded that osteoporosis and related risk of fractures should be taken into consideration when dealing with CP and more studies with larger groups of children should be planned.

OBJECTIVE: It has previously been shown that renal function is impaired in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Microalbuminuria, elevated serum osmolality, and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may indicate some degree of renal impairment. Among these, microalbuminuria and GFR have already been shown to be related with MetS. This study aimed to investigate the relation between MetS and serum osmolality. MATERIAL and METHODS: A cross-sectional case control study was designed. The study group was composed of 115 persons who were diagnosed as having MetS according to ATP III criteria and 123 persons who did not have MetS. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the presence of three or more of the following factors: hypertension; abdominal obesity; fasting serum triglycerides; low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose. Serum osmolality and GFR values were estimated by using appropriate formulations. RESULTS: A total of 238 persons aged between 18-65 years were included in the study. MetS and serum osmolality were significantly correlated (P=0.001). Serum osmolality was also correlated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.000), fasting plasma glucose (P=0.000), and waist circumference (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Serum osmolality is correlated with metabolic syndrome and its parameters. The reason for increased serum osmolality values in MetS patients needs to be investigated.

Şubat 2008-Ocak 2009 tarihleri arasında Köprüçay Nehri’nde seçilen 7 örnekyerindan alınan aylık örneklerle akarsuyun fizikokimyasal özellikleri ile epilitik diyatomelerinin mevsimsel dağılımları ve gelişimleri incelenmiş, fizikokimyasal veriler ile diyatomeler arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Fizikokimyasal parametrelerin ortalama değerleri; sıcaklık 13,94 oC, pH 8,09, E.C 501,08 μS/cm, bulanıklık 26,95 NTU, bikarbonat (HCO-3) 197,99 mg/L,  karbonat (CO-3) 5,74 mg/L, klorür (Cl-) 68,52 mg/L, amonyum azotu (NH4-N) 0,09 mg/L, nitrit azotu (NO-2-N) 0,005 mg/L, nitrat azotu (NO-3-N) 0,42 mg/L, orta fosfat fosforu (PO4-3-P) 0,12 mg/L, çözünmüş oksijen 8,92 mg/L, organik madde 1,25 mg/L, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ5) 3,10 mg/L, toplam sertlik 223,54 CaCO3 mg/L, sülfat (SO42-) 27,39 mg/L,  kalsiyum (Ca+2) 57,35 mg/L, magnezyum (Mg+2) 19,93 mg/L, tuzluluk 0,25ppt olarak tepit edilmiştir. Köprüçay Nehri’nde epilitik olarak Bacillariophyta’dan 119 takson saptanmıştır. Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella, Gomphonema en çok tür sayısına sahip takson olmuş, akarsuda sürekli gözlemlenen bentik türler örnekyerleri ve mevsimlere göre farklılık göstermiş, ancak <em>Achnanthidium minutissimum</em>, <em>Cymbella affinis</em>, <em>Cocconeis placentula</em>, <em>Diatoma vulgaris</em>, <em>Ulnaria ulna</em> sürekli olarak gözlenmiştir. Nitszchia en çok tür sayısı ile temsil edilen takson olmuştur. Fizikokimyasal değerlere ve alglere göre su kalitesi değerlendirmesi yapılarak birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Köprüçay Nehri su kalitesinin diyatomelere göre belirlenmesi için Saprobi İndeksi (SI), Trophi Diyatom İndeksi (TDI) kullanılmış, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., ve 6. örnekyerlerinin organik olarak az kirli, 7. örnekyerinin ise organik olarak kirli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fizikokimyasal değişkenler Klee (1991)’nin metoduna göre değerlendirilmiş, ilk altı örnekyerinin organik olarak çok az kirli, 7. örnekyerinin az kirli olduğu saptanmıştır. Akarsuda epilitik olarak gelişen alglerin baskınlıkları belirlenmiş, örnekyerleri ve aylara göre baskın taksonlar değişiklik göstermiştir Akarsu boyunca örnekyerleri arası benzerliğin saptanabilmesi için Sørensen benzerlik indeksi kullanılmış, çalışma alanında 3. ve 4. örnekyeri birbirine en çok, 1. ve 6., 1. ve 7. örnekyerleri en az benzeyen alanlar olmuştur.

Turkish language teacher candidates participate in real class teaching through practicum and they transfer their theoretical background that they have already received in their pre-service training. Therefore, it can be claimed that teaching practice in pre-service education is significantly important as it is a bridge between theory and practice. Also, the academic achievement in practicum can be considered as important because it reflects and combines both the professional and field-related knowledge and skills. In line with this, the study investigates whether critical reading-writing training is influential on Turkish language teaching department 4th year students’ Turkish course planning and practice which has been prepared to address their critical reading-writing skills in their practicum. The reseach was conducted with forty one Çukurova University, Turkish Language Teaching Department forth-year students in the academic year of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011, in Adana. One experimental and one control group were organized. As a data collection tool, “The Evaluation Form of Critical Reading-Writing Skills Course Planning according to the course taken as a base” was used. This form was developed by the researcher, herself, and had a three-point scale. It had got eight parts: “Achievements”, “Teaching Methods and Techniques”, “Theme”, “Duration”, “Materials”, “Attention Getting and Motivation”, “Course Practice” and “Evaluation”. In addition, seven teacher candidates from the experimental group volunteered to be observed. They were video-recorded during their practice of their lesson plans in their classes. The covariance analysis was conducted on the quantitative data of the study and p<.05 was regarded as a significance level. Content analysis was done on the qualitative data. When pre-test scores based on the evaluation form were taken under control, regarding post-test scores mean, a significant difference was observed between the control and the experimental group in favour of the experimental group. The qualitative findings are in line with the quantitative findings of the study. Then, the characteristics of the activities that the teacher candidates prepared and practised in their course plans were taken into account and it was seen that these course activities are also consistent with the properties of critical reading-writing and they reinforce critical reading-writing. <br> Öğretmen yetiştirme programında yer alan öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi ile Türkçe öğretmeni adayları sınıf uygulamalarına katılmakta ve hizmet öncesi eğitiminde kuramsal olarak verilen bilgileri sınıf ortamında uygulayabilmektedir. Hizmet öncesi eğitim programında yer alan öğretmenlik uygulaması dersinin teori ile uygulama arasında köprü olması göz önüne alındığında bu dersin akademik başarısının hem mesleki hem de alan bilgi ve becerilerinin başarınısını yansıtması açısından değerli görülmüş ve bu çalışmada, eleştirel okuma-yazma eğitiminin Türkçe Öğretmenliği dördüncü sınıf “Öğretmenlik Uygulaması” dersinde öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel okuma-yazma becerisine yönelik hazırlanan Türkçe dersini planlama ve uygulama sürecine etkisi olup olmadığı sınanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, 2009-2010 ve 2010-2011 Öğretim yıllarında, Adana İli sınırları içinde yer alan Çukurova Üniversitesinde Türkçe Eğitimi Bölümünde dördüncü sınıfta okuyan 41 öğretmen adayı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma bir deney ve bir kontrol grubunda yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Eleştirel Okuma- Yazma Becerisi Temele Alınan Ders Planı Değerlendirme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen üçlü likert tipinde hazırlanan bu form “Kazanımlar”, “Öğretim Yöntem ve Teknikleri”, “Konu”, “Süre”, “Materyal”, “Dikkat Çekme ve Güdüleme”, “Dersin İşlenişi” ve “Değerlendirme” olmak üzere sekiz bölümden oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca deney grubunda yer alan öğretmen adaylarından gönüllü olan yedisinin hazırladıkları ders planının uygulaması sınıf içinde gözlemlenmiş ve video ile kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel veriler üzerinde kovaryans analizi yapılmış, analizlerde anlamlılık düzeyi p<.05 olarak alınmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise içerik analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, değerlendirme formundan elde edilen öntest puanları kontrol altına alındığında sontest puan ortalamaları açısından deney grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın nitel bulguları da nicel bulgusunu desteklemektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının ders planlarında hazırlayıp uyguladıkları etkinliklerin özellikleri göz önüne alındığında eleştirel okuma-yazmanın nitelikleriyle tutarlı olduğu ve eleştirel okuma-yazmayı geliştirici niteliğinde olduğu söylenebilir.

<p class="Default" style="margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Sağlık iletişiminde sağlıkla ilgili kampanyalarda ve özellikle de riskli davranışın değiştirilmesi ve bireyleri sağlığa zararlı davranışlarından vazgeçirmek amacıyla hazırlanan içeriklerde korku öğesinin (<em>fear appeal</em>) kullanımına sık rastlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara içme davranışını azaltmak için sigara paketlerinin üzerinde yer alan sigara karşıtı görsellerde korku öğesinin kullanımını, iletilerin neler olduğunu ve anlamın nasıl oluştuğunu göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemini kullanarak ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de sigara paketleri üzerinde kullanılan on dört görseli kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, sigara paketleri üzerinde yer alan görsellerde korku öğesinin farklı düzeylerde kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuş ve korku öğesinin tıbbi paradigma içerisinde “sağlık” ve “sağlıklı olma” mitleri ile sağlık-hastalık, hayat-ölüm, kadınlık-erkeklik, gençlik-yaşlılık gibi karşıtlıklarla pekiştirildiği tespit edilmiştir.<!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--></span></p><p class="Default" style="margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Ayrıca analiz sonuçları, görsel metinlerde sigara içmenin “bireysel bir davranış” ve bir “bağımlılık” olarak çerçevelendiğini de ortaya koymuştur. Korku öğesinin kullanımında beklenen tutum ve davranış değişikliğini sağlamak için bireylerin toplumsal olarak da desteklenmeleri gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma bireyin ve toplumun sağlığı için bireysel çabaların yanında; politika geliştirme süreçlerine katılımın ve insanların kendi sağlıklarına dair farkındalıklarını ve öz-yeterliliklerini arttıran sağlık iletişimi faaliyetlerinin önemini de vurgulamaktadır.</span></p>

Enterprise information systems help companies to manage their integrated processes, and enable data retrieval, also achieves accurate data. Purchasing order is the one of the essential inputs in enterprise information systems. In this study, we explain the purchase order cycle and information flow, based on enterprise information system architecture. A case company’s purchasing operations, information flow and sample reports are examined,case study method is used. This developed information flow will help information system users to comprehend the related functions of ERP systems and serve as a scenario guide in ERP trainings. Also some lessons and important points are emphasized, for the companies who are looking for success.

High-grade glial tumors are the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The current standard of care for high-grade glial tumors includes surgical resection followed by combination of radiation with temazolomide treatment and adjuvant temozolomide. The Macdonald Criteria are currently the most widely used guideline for assessing response to therapy in patients with high-grade glial tumors. These are based on the size of the contrast-enhancing lesion in MR imaging. Recently, nontumoral changes in enhancement have been found. It is now clear that evaluation of gadolinium enhancement alone is not adequate to characterize tumor regression or progression. MR diffusion, MR perfusion, MR spectroscopy, and PET imaging will be important adjuncts to traditional imaging for tumor assessment. We review MR imaging findings following high-grade tumor treatment. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(4.000): 641-653]

The language of Divan literature has always been introduced as a synthesis of three languages: Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Indeed, Ottoman Turkish that is the combination of these three is the essential of Divan literature. However, Divan poets also used words from Greek, Armenian, Italian, and some languages of Balkans and Caucasus besides Arabic and Persian words. Especially poets who were Rumelian or worked as the state officers for years were finding different ways of usage in their works with the expressions they borrowed from the Balkan languages. In ten verses of a poem of Mustafa Âlî of Gallipoli who was a bureaucrat, an intellectual and at the same time a poet and who had served as a statesman for a long time in the Balkans in the 16th century, there are expressions of Arabic, Persian, Albanian, Franc, Serbian, Greek, Manav, Bosnian and Chagatai people in their own languages and dialects. Based on this example, it would not be wrong to say that Divan poetry is a part of “a literature of an empire” and that the language is “an imperial language”. In conclusion, the language of Divan literature is an entire entity that has basically Ottoman Turkish as a dominant factor but also comprises many elements from the languages of the nations all around the Ottoman Empire.<br> <br> Divan edebiyatının dili daima Arapça, Farsça ve Türkçe karışımı bir dil olarak tanıtılmıştır. Gerçekten de Türkçe Divan edebiyatının esasını oluşturur. Divan şairleri, Arapça ve Farsça kökenli kelimelerin yanında Yunanca, Ermenice, İtalyanca, Balkan ve Kafkas dillerinden sözcükler de kullanıyorlardı. Özellikle Rumelili olan veya oralarda uzun yıllar görev yapan şairler, Balkan dillerinden aldıkları ibarelerle değişik iletişim ve anlatım yolları buluyorlardı. Balkanlarda uzun yıllar görev yapan XVI. yüzyılda bürokrat, entelektüel ve aynı zamanda şair olan Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî de bir manzumesinin 10 beytinde Arap, Acem, Arnavut, Firenk, Sırp, Rum, Manav, Bosnalı ve Çağatay halklarından insanları kendi dil ve lehçeleri ile konuşturur. Bu örnekten hareketle divan şiiri için “imparatorluk edebiyatı” ve dili için de “imparatorluk dili” ifadesini kullanmak hiç de yanlış olmaz. Kısacası Divan edebiyatının dili, Türkçe esas olmakla birlikte imparatorluğu oluşturan kavimlerin dillerinden öğeleri de barındıran bir bütündür.

Gyromitra is one of the poisonous mushrooms with being evaluated as edible mushrooms in Turkey and in many countries. This study was performed to determine volatile aroma compounds of Gyromitra collected from Turkey at Horticulture Department of Çukurova University, Adana-Turkey in 2011. Gyromitra mushroom samples collected from Adana province of Turkey were used as material. Volatile aroma compounds were determined using Headspace Gas Kromotografi Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) technique. Twenty-four different volatile aroma compounds were detected in this study. Phenol was identified as the major aroma component at 47.10% content. This compound was followed with Carbamic acid methyl ester (14.12%), Acetic acid (4.47%), 1-Octen-3-ol (4.14%) and Acetaldehyde (4.10%). Phenol is an antioxidant compound and it has anti-carcinogenic effect. 1-Octen-3-ol is an alcohol which commonly found in mushroom. Acetic acid and Acetaldehyde are poisonous compounds. Although high number of phenol and 1-Octen-3-ol in Gyromitra fungus is displayed as flavor and significant in terms of health, containing toxic compounds such as acetic acid and the acid aldehyde raises the risk factors in exhaustion.

In the studies on Turkish grammar, the imperativemood/modality and the optative mood/modality are treated as twoseparate moods/modalities; however, in several studies examples givento explain this topic fail to highlight the distinction between theconceptual areas which are marked by the moods in question.Information on markers of the optative mood/modality differ fromone resource to another; in some resources, it is suggested thatimperative is expressed without using any morphemes, while in othersthe morphemes which are thought to mark the imperative and theperson together for all persons except for the second person singularare listed. Moreover, in some studies it is advocated that the personcannot give imperatives to himself/herself, thus there is no conjugationof the first person singular, but in other studies this idea is opposed.These inconsistencies/discrepancies and the complexity stemming fromthe differences in approaches hamper teaching of this subject to a greatextent. In the present study, it was aimed to highlight the problemshampering teaching of the optative mood/modality and thuscontributing to the solutions of the said problems. To this end, first ofall the concepts of mood, modality, aspect, imperative and optative wereexamined, and then whether there was a distinctive imperative mooddifferent from the optative mood in the period from Old Turkish toModern Turkish was investigated over the samples supporting theexistence of such a mood. The following result was concluded from thedata that were gathered:Imperative is a kind of featured desire which is achieved in anorder of hierarchical relationships. It is a mood which reflects thespeaker’s attitude toward the carrying out the action or not carrying outit. This mood has morphological, lexical, syntactic and prosodicmarkers. In the period from Old Turkish to Modern Turkish, a standardmood the primary function of which was to express imperatives andwhich had conjugations of six persons did not exist. In fact, thestructure, -AyIm, -AlIm; -Ø, -Xn(Xz); -sXn, -sXnlAr, which was proposedas the imperative mood in studies of grammar is an optative mood.Expressing imperatives is only one of many functions of this structurein conjugations of different persons, except for the first person singular. <br> Türkçe gramer çalışmalarında emir kip(lik)i ile istek kip(lik)i bağımsız iki ayrı kip(lik) olarak değerlendirilmekte, ancak birçok çalışmada, konuyu açıklamak üzere verilen örnekler, söz konusu kip(lik)lerin işaretledikleri kavramsal alanların ayrımını ortaya koyacak nitelikte olmamaktadır.Emir kip(lik)inin işaretleyicileriyle ilgili bilgiler, kaynaktan kaynağa farklılık göstermekte, kimi kaynakta, emir, hiçbir biçim birim kullanılmadan sağlanır denirken, kimisinde ikinci tekil kişi hariç, diğer kişilerde, emir ve kişiyi birlikte işaretlediği bildirilen biçim birimler sıralanmaktadır. Yine, bazı kaynaklarda, kişinin kendi kendine emir veremeyeceği, dolayısıyla birinci kişi emir çekiminin olmadığı bildirilirken, bazılarında bu görüşün aksi savunulmaktadır. Sayılan tutarsızlıklar/çelişkiler, yaklaşım farklılıklarından kaynaklanan karmaşa, konunun öğretimini büyük ölçüde güçleştirmektedir.Bu çalışmada, emir kip(lik)inin öğretimini güçleştiren söz konusu sorunlara açıklık getirilerek, sorunların çözümüne katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle kip, kiplik, görünüş, emir, istek kavramları üzerinde durulmuş, daha sonra Eski Türkçeden Türkiye Türkçesine uzanan çizgide istek kipinden bağımsız bir emir kipinin var olup olmadığı, bu kipin varlığına dayanak gösterilen örnekler üzerinden sorgulanmıştır. Ulaşılan verilerden şu sonuç çıkarılmıştır:Emir, hiyerarşik bir ilişki düzeninde gerçekleşen özellikli bir istek türüdür. Konuşanın eylemin işlenmesiyle/işlenmemesiyle ilgili tutumunu yansıtan bir kipliktir. Bu kipliğin biçim bilgisel, sözlüksel, söz dizimsel ve bürünsel türlü işaretleyicileri vardır. Eski Türkçeden Türkiye Türkçesine uzanan çizgide birincil işlevi emir bildirmek olan ve altı kişiye göre çekimi bulunan standart bir kip mevcut değildir. Gramer çalışmalarında emir kipi olarak sunulan -AyIm, -AlIm; -Ø, -Xn(Xz); -sXn, -sXnlAr biçim dizisi bir isteme kipidir. Emir bildirme, bu dizinin birinci tekil kişi çekimi hariç, diğer kişi çekimlerinin çok sayıdaki işlevlerinden sadece biridir.

Hâcegân-Nakşbendiyye tarîkinde kelimât-ı kudsiyye ismiyle bilinen on bir esas vardır. Ancak 18. asırda yaşamış olan Hâcegân-Nakşbendiyye-Müceddidiyye meşâyıhından Müstakimzâde Süleyman Sa’deddîn Efendi (1131-1202/1719-1788), mezkûr tarikatteki on bir esastan başka bir esasın daha olduğundan bahseder ki ıstılah olarak olmasa da müstakil bir esas olarak kullanımına ilk kez Müstakimzâde’de tesadüf etmekteyiz. Kendisi de zaten bu esasın pek bilinmediğini belirtmekte, hatta bunu da bir eserinde derkenar olarak düştüğü notta bu cerideye münhasır gibidir ifadesiyle tasrih etmektedir. Bu makalemizde Müstakimzâde’nin eserlerinde geçtiği hâli merkez alınarak kelimât-ı kudsiyye tarif edilip akabinde de ilave olarak bahsi geçen on ikinci esas ile ilgili ona ait söz ve görüşler ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için farklı kaynaklardan da istifade edilmiştir.

Dünya üzerindeki hemen hemen bütün diller dil çalışmalarında fonetiğe bir şekilde yer ayırmıştır. Arap dilinin fonetiğe gösterdiği ihtimam ise birçok dile nazaran daha fazla olmuştur. Fonetik incelemeler umumiyetle seslerin artikülasyon nitelikleri yani mahreç ve sıfatlar üzerinde yoğunlaşır. Buna mukabil gerek sıfat gerçeğinin ima ettiği her bir ses için farklı güç ihtiyacı düşüncesi gerekse ünlü seslerin uzatmaya elverişli oluşu ses-süre ilişkisini de zihinlere getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Arap dili geleneğinde artikülasyon sürelerini ifade eden kavramların ve buna benzer verilerin yardımıyla konuyu ele alan disiplinlerin ses miktarı konusundaki tutumunu aydınlatmayı amaçladık. Çalışmamızın sonunda bazı tecvit eserlerinin yer verdiği ve seslerin ölçülerini korumayı işleyen bölümlerde kullandığı kavramlardan ve diğer olgulardan hareketle en azından uygulama hedefi olarak ses sürelerinin korunması ile ses niteliklerinin korunmasına yönelik dengeli bir bakışın olduğu neticesine ulaştık.

Although aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis are among the most common congenital heart defects, the combination of both aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis in the same patient appears to be very uncommon. Accurate diagnosis of combined valvular stenosis is imperative prior to surgical correction otherwise surgery of only one of the lesions may result in an insufficient hemodynamic improvement. A 34-year-old man with congenital aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis underwent Nick’s operation, aortic valve replacement, pulmonary valvotomy and resection of anomalous muscle of the right ventricular outflow tract. The operation was successfully performed and postoperative course was uneventful.

Sexual abuse is defined as use of child or adolescent by the adults for satisfying of sexual urges and needs with forcing, threatening or tricking. Sexual abuse can be in the form of sexual abuse without touch, sexual touch, interfemoral intercourse, sexual penetration, and sexual exploitation. The prevalence of sexual abuse is reported as 10-40%. It is seen in female four times more than in males. Abusers are frequently male, only 5-15% of them are female. The abuse by females is usually towards male child. Thirty-fifty percent of abuse cases among child and adolescent are outside the family including strangers or familiar person. Some features of abusers are introvert personality, pedophilic and antisocial personality. Most of the abusers have a history of sexual abuse or aggression during childhood. Sexual intercourse between two people who are not allowed to marry by law is called as incest. Family pattern of incest is defined globally as disorganized and dysfunctional. The most commonly reported familial pattern is rigid and patriarchal family pattern with a harsh father using force quite frequently. The clinical features and impacts of the sexual abuse on the child varies according to the relation between abusers and the child, form of abuse, duration of abuse, presence of physical assault, developmental phase, child age and psychological development before the abuse. Sexual abuse history may result in psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, substance dependence, suicide act, borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder. Abuse negatively affects interpersonal relationships and self esteem of abused individuals. Several studies reported close association between risky sexual behaviors in adulthood and a history of of sexual abuse during childhood. Four traumatic dynamics including traumatic sexuality with abuse, feeling of betrayal, weakness, and stigmatization exist in childhood abuse. Trauma can cause behavioral and psychological results by itself, early trauma may also lead to biological effects. Especially traumas during neuron plasticity phase may lead hypersensitivity of neuroendocrine stress response. Early life stresses are shown to lead changes in corticotrophin releasing factor system in preclinical and clinical phase studies. In the treatment of sexual abuse, emotional process related with trauma should be focused on. This process may be conducted with play therapy. Development of higher level defense mechanism, increasing ego capacity, orientation to social activity and personal activity according to skills is aimed. For the elimination of guiltiness related with stigmatization, the child should be told that it is not herhis fault to incorporate into sexual interaction and the culprit is abuser. It is fairly important for medical staff, school and family to have sufficient information about sexual abuse for prevention and early recognition.

Araştırma makalesi, kentleşmenin bir getirisi olan modernizasyon sürecinin alt kimlik statüsündeki Aleviler ekseninde değerlendirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu gayeyle, özellikle 1950 genel iç göçüyle başlayan Türkiye'deki genel değişime, Alevi gruplarının da kayıtsız kalmadığı ve özellikle 1990 yılı itibariyle hak talepleriyle ivme kazanan Alevi değişiminin kent ortamındaki sosyal ve siyasal konumlanmasının yeniden yapılandığı görülmüştür. Türkiye'de Alevi topluluklarının bir etnik kimlik olmadığı ancak dini bir kimlik statüsündeki alt grubu oluşturduğu gözlenmektedir. Aleviliğin Türkiye'deki yapılanmasına izah getirilirken yaşanan kelam kargaşaları gerek akademik, gerek politik, gerek toplumsal söylemlerde yapılabilmektedir. Oysaki etnik kimlik, farklı bir kökeni olan ve ayrı bir dil ile tarihe sahip kimlikleri tasvir ederken kullanılan terimdir. Bu sebeple Alevilerin bir alt kimliği temsil ettikleri ancak dini açıdan büyük çoğunluğu oluşturan Sünni anlayış karşısında küçük grup olarak farklı bir inanç kimliğine sahip oldukları vurgulanmalarıdır. Kimi Aleviliğin başlı başına bir din, kimi bir gelenek, kimi bir yaşam biçimi ve kimi tasavvufun bir tezahürü olduğunu düşünmektedir. Adına ya da açıklamasına her ne diyecek olursak olalım, bugün Aleviliğin bir kültürel değişim içerisinde olduğunu ve modernleştikçe kentleşmesini değil, kentlileştikçe modernleştiğini görmekteyiz. 21.'inci yüzyıl Türkiye Alevilerinin, bu değişimi belki de en çok Alevilerin Alevilikle kendi iç hesaplaşmasını doğurmuştur. Alevilik, kent ortamında unutulmaya yüz mü tutulacaktır? Yoksa yeni Alevi açılımıyla birlikte o, altın çağını mı yaşayacaktır?

Solar energy constitutes the main source of all energy sources and it is one of the most important renewable energy sources in terms of huge potential. As with other energy sources not just in certain places in the world, everywhere have the potential where the sun rises and set. Turkey is located on the sunny area and solar energy generation is quite rich in potential. Together with the substantial increase in the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, generating electricity from solar energy is becoming increasingly common. Especially in places where no grid connection, photovoltaic cells is very useful in supplying the energy needs. In this study, Turkey's solar energy potential was analyzed, and PV systems to meet the electricity needs of a home were analyzed economically. Consequently, to meet the electricity needs of a house in Adiyaman conditions that require a surface area of 24 m² with a PV system, and this system was determined to be able to amortize itself in 10 years.

Purpose: Purpose of study is to reflect the characteristics of the comparative between Kazakh nationality in patients with mitral heart disease, healthy people and literature data of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism Material and Methods: Total of 138 individual were included in our study. Of these, 70 were patients with mitral valvular disease (42,83 +/- 1,06 years ) and 68 were healthy (40,24 +/- 0,87 years). All subjects were of Kazakh origin and was not involved with each other in terms of kinship. Result: 70 patients and 68 healthy people, all of whom were Kazakh origin, were genotyped for I/D polymorphism of ACE gene. In healthy individuals, the frequency of carriers having only genotype II was 35,29% (n = 24), only ID was 50,00% (n = 34), and only DD genotype was 14,71% (n = 10). Among patients with mitral valvular disease the heart rate of people with carriers II genotype was only 25,72% (n = 18), only the ID genotype carriers were 61,43% (n = 43), and DD genotype were 12,86% (n = 9) . I allele frequency equal to 56,50% (n = 79), D alleles - 43,60% (n = 61). Differences between the frequency distribution of genotypes in patients compared to healthy individuals were insignificant ( and #61539; 2 = 1.933, p = 0.380). I allele frequency in all healthy individuals was 60,30% (n = 82), D allele - 39,70% (n = 54), patients with mitral valvular disease were - 56.50% and 43.60%, respectively. Difference in distribution of alleles of the ACE gene was also not reliable ( and #61539; 2 = 0.280, p = 0.590). The frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of the ACE gene we have studied was comparable with the data distribution of healthy Kazakhs and Kazakhs population from other authors (Musagalieva AT, Shalharova JC, Kozhanova OV, Baitasova NB), as well as Kazakhs living in Xinjiang province in China (Wang XF).But, our data on the genotypes and alleles did not differ significantly from those of the Uighurs, Yakuts, Hindus (Baitasova NB, Grigorieva L., Joseph A.). The difference of the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of our data was with the Czechs, Greeks, British, Turks, and alleles, which was statistically significant (Hubacek JA., Tziakas DN., Samani NJ., Davutoglu). Conclusion: Thus, the results of a study of the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of the ACE gene in Kazakhs - healthy individuals and patients with mitral valvular disease significant differences between them are not identified, and the results are depended on the distribution of ethnicity. The data obtained from healthy Kazakhs were comparable to published data from other researches including Kazakhs people, e.g. Kazakhs living in Xinjiang province in China, Uighurs, Yakuts, Hindus, which is statistically significantly different from the Uzbeks, Turks, Czechs, English, and Greeks. Few reference data on the ACE gene polymorphism in patients with mitral valvular disease does not allow for statistical comparison of our data in Kazakhs patients with data of world literature. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(4.000): 848-854]

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Esophageal melanocytosis is a benign clinicopathologic entity characterized by melanocytic proliferation in esophageal squamous epithelium and melanin deposition in the mucosa. Little is known about the etiology and natural course of this condition, although it has been suggested to be a precursor of primary esophageal melanoma by some authors. Following a search of the databases regarding esophageal melanocytosis and melanosis, thirty-four cases of isolated esophageal melanocytosis were found. The histopathologic features of esophageal melanocytosis are reviewed and its differential diagnosis with other pigmented esophageal lesions is discussed.

For the past few decades, Islamic finance has imposed itself as a viable alternative / complementary system to the long existing conventional financial system. Nevertheless, recent research has claimed that Islamic finance as it is currently practice, does not promote economic growth. Hence, the objective of this study is to empirically test this claim, by examining the potential effect of Islamic finance in the specific form of Sukuk issuance on the economic growth represented by three proxies, namely, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Capital Formation (GDP) and trade activities. The data covers not only GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council), but also other countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, Singapore, China, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Germany, United Kingdom (UK), The Gambia and France. The data were collected from the Islamic Finance Information Services (IFIS) and the World Bank databases, and were subsequently analysed through Toda and Yamamoto Granger Non Causality test. Accordingly, the findings indicated that the Sukuk issuance had an influence on the GDP and GCF only when all the countries were pulled together, otherwise no effect was identified for Saudi Arabia and the GCC.

<span style="color: #515151;">In Turkey, drying is achieved natural method by spreading out the material on the ground. In this way, there are many disadvantages like low quality and hygienic problems. The resulting loss of food quality in the dried products may have effect negatively trade potential and economical worth. For preventing the deterioration of the materials different types of drying methods have been developed. Low energy consumption applications are important for drying industry besides high product quality. For this purpose, heat pump dryer is gaining importance day by day in drying applications. In this study, the working principle of the heat pump dryer, heat pump types in the drying process and the heat pump dryer performance criteria will be considered. An example of application will be described using obtained results from apple drying operation that is conducted in the heat pump dryer.</span>

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare electromyogram (EMG) activities of knee extensor muscles (vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) between soccer players and sprinters during countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Subjects: Fifty three subjects (Thirty two sprinters, ( ) age: 21,91 ± 1,55 yr; body weight: 67,29 ± 8,11 kg; height: 176,81 ± 5,87 cm and twenty one soccer players, ( ) age: 23,.33 ± 1,77yr; body weight: 69,50 ± 7,06kg; height: 174,33 ± 5,65cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Methods: After the standard 5 minutes warm-up period, EMG signals of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) were recorded while subjects were performed maximal performance of CMJ. EMG signals were quantified using the root mean square (RMS) value. CMJ test protocol was used to determine the jump performance (jumping height and peak power). Independent t-test was used to determine differences between sprinters and soccer players regarding to jumping height, peak power (PP) and RMS values of VL and VM. Results: The results of the study indicated that the RMS values of sprinters taken from VL (t=3,318; p

Yabancılaşma bir uyumlu olarak karışmama duygusudur. Bu duygu kendisini fiziksel, psikolojik, ekonomik, zihinsel, sosyal, dini, siyasi ya da manevi gibi farklı şekillerde açığa çıkarabilir. ‘Yabancılaşma’ terimi Amerikan edebiyatında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan bir terim olmasa bile, kendisini bir çok yirminci yüzyıl yazarlarının eserlerinde oldukça sık ve aktif bir şekilde gösteren bir sorundur. Yabancılaşma sorununu kıskacına alan çağdaş yazarlar arasında, William Faulkner’ın eserlerindeki yirminci yüzyıl insanının kendini arayışını tasvir eden etkili beyanları yabancılaşmış olma duygusunun korkunç yönlerini okuyucunun gözleri önüne sermektedir. Bu yazı Faulkner’ın <em>Light in August</em> eserinde bulunan muhtelif kişilerdeki yabancılaşma izlerini ortaya çıkarmak ve soyutlanmalarının esas nedenlerini araştırmaya çalışmaktadır.

This study has aims to explore the relationship between cities and texts. Benefiting from Jakobson’s notion of “intersemiotic translation”, some literary works on cities has been considered target texts of the nonverbal signs of cities. In other words, these narratives are analy zed as a translation process, underlining the interdisciplinary relationship between Urban Studies and Translation Studies. Cities are assumed to be translated into cultural texts with a specific discourse. As a methodological tool, Tymoczko’s notions of “ translation” and “metonymics” have been adopted and Kuzguncuk has been chosen to present a partial representation of the city of İstanbul. After selecting some fiction and non - fiction works, these texts are analyzed in three different categories, namely tr anslation of Kuzguncuk in prose, short stories and poetry, with an aim to reveal the various discourses reflected in the “translations”.

International marketers may be interested in stock market linkages for various reasons: the co-movements of equity prices appear to reflect not only market globalization but also the globalization of capital resources. The co-movements can affect the balancing strategies of country market portfolios as they indicate opportunities and risks. The strategic choice of alternative market presence, such as market entry via export marketing or a full ownership and marketing may need to match with the type of financial resources. The co-movements of and the linkages between the U.S. stock market and Asian stock markets have been studied extensively. However, little attention has been given to the co-movements of Asian stock markets and the lead/lag linkages between them. In this paper, we study this issue with the principal components analysis (PCA) and Granger-causality (G-C) statistical techniques. We find that the contemporaneous co-movements of Asian stock markets have become closer and portfolio diversification benefits with Asian stock markets have diminished over time during the January 1, 2001-January 1, 2011 period. We find that the Singapore, Indian, and Japanese stock markets are the most influential stock markets and the Philippine and South Korean stock markets are the least influential stock markets in Asia. The Japanese, Singapore, and New Zealand stock markets are the least affected stock markets and the Shanghai, Australian, and South Korean stock markets are the most affected stock markets by the movements in the other Asian stock markets.

Bu çalışmada R134a soğutucu akışkan kullanılan prototip bir kapalı sistem ısı pompası destekli kurutucu deney düzeneği tasarlandı ve test edildi. İki farklı hız için by-pass oranının sistem performansına etkisi incelendi. Sistem performansına etki eden parametreler, ısı pompası ısıtma tesir katsayısı (ITKıp), tüm sistemin ısıtma tesir katsayısı (ITKsis) ve özgül nem çekme oranı (SMER) hesaplandı. Deneysel sonuçlarda, by-pass oranı % 50’den fazla olduğu durumlarda ITK ve SMER değerlerinin azaldığı görüldü. ITK ve SMER değerleri yaklaşık % 50 by-pass oranına kadar arttığı ve daha sonra hızla azaldığı görüldü. Maksimum ITKıp, ITKsis, SMER değerleri yaklaşık olarak 4.8, 3.2 ve 3.5 kg/kWh olarak elde edildi. Ayrıca hava debisinin arttırılmasının sistem performansını iyileştirmediği gözlemlendi. Çünkü yüksek hava debilerinde fanın tükettiği güç değeri de fazla olduğundan dolayı ITKsis değeri olumsuz yönde etkilendi.

The herb white willow (Salix alba), also known as willow bark, is used to treat pain and fever. White willow contains a substance (salicine) that is converted by the body into a salicylate similar to the blood-thinner aspirin. Over the last twenty years, yet another use for aspirin has emerged connected with the discovery of its anti-thrombotic action.

Yeni kurulmuş olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti her alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da eksikliklerini gidermek ve çağın gereksinimlerine uygun eğitim kurumları oluşturmak istiyordu. Bu kurumları oluşturmak ve buralarda çalışacak nitelikli eleman yetiştirmek amacıyla bir yandan yurtdışından uzmanlar getirilirken diğer yandan yurtdışına öğrenci gönderiliyordu. Belçika, Cumhuriyet öncesi dönemde de öğrenci gönderilen ülkeler arasındaydı. Ancak Ömer Buyse’nin Türkiye’ye davet edilmesinden sonra özellikle teknik eğitim alanında önemli bir konuma yükseldi. II. Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla Belçika’nın, Almanlar tarafından işgal edilmesi üzerine dönemin Türk Hükümeti Belçika’daki öğrencileri geri çağırmak zorunda kaldı.

Sport is a natural medium for bringing together people of different backgrounds throughout the world. If grounded in ethics and if participants follow the rules and cooperate, sport can be a conduit for world harmony (Sport great for human bonding, 2010).A s international relationships are developed through sport, those relationships can help support larger global endeavors in pursuit of a better world. If international sport based relationships are grounded in Mill’s utilitarianism that calls for actions re sulting in the most long - term happiness for the most amount of people (Mill, 1863/1969) those relationships are well positioned to transition to the domain of governmental politics, where meaningful attempts to resolve large world issues can be addressed, under the same utilitarian premise. In pursuit of a better world, identifying common groundamong the many differences held by people throughout the world is a magnanimous challenge. Beauchamp’s (1982) practical suggestion that common sense, habits, and pas t experience are most helpful when attempting to select actions that will determine long - term happiness. Moving beyond sport and transferring the application of Beauchamp’s practical utilitarian approach to larger global conflicts, can help guide governmen ts as they engage in the necessary politics, to move toward improving global problems in the interest of world harmony.